Differences in Leaf Chemistry and Glandular Trichome Density between Wild Southwestern American Hop (Humulus neomexicanus) and Commercial Hop Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylan B. Morcol ◽  
Paul D. Matthews ◽  
Edward J. Kennelly
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Leaf Chemistry

scholarly journals Inheritance of Biochemical and Morphological Characters Associated with Two-spotted Spider Mite Resistance in Pelargonium ×hortorum

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Grazzini ◽  
Donald Walters ◽  
Jody Harmon ◽  
David J. Hesk ◽  
Diana Cox-Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Anacardic Acids ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

Diploid zonal geraniums (Pelargonium ×hortorum) are able to resist attack by small arthropod pests such as the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) when exudate produced by tall glandular trichomes contains a high percentage of ω5-unsaturated anacardic acids. Trichomes of susceptible plants exude primarily saturated anacardic acids. Inbred mite-resistant and -susceptible geraniums were reciprocally crossed and the F1, F2, and backcross generations were examined for anacardic acid composition and trichome density. Selected F2 plants were bioassayed for resistance to two-spotted spider mites. High concentrations of ω5-unsaturated anacardic acids in resistant plants are conditioned by a single dominant allele. We propose that inheritance of tall glandular trichome density can be controlled by a small number of loci (possibly as few as one) exhibiting codominance. F2, with low densities of tall glandular trichomes and producing ω5-unsaturated anacardic acids, displayed effective resistance to two-spotted spider mites as measured by mite mortality and fecundity. A genetic model for the biosynthesis of anacardic acids is proposed.

Hair (H) interacts with SlZFP8-like to regulate the initiation and elongation of trichomes by modulating SlZFP6 expression in tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangyan Zheng ◽  
Long Cui ◽  
Changxing Li ◽  
Qingmin Xie ◽  
Guo Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Type I ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Trichome Formation ◽  
Finger Protein ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Direct Target ◽  
Glandular Structures ◽  
Close Homolog

Abstract Trichomes are specialized glandular or non-glandular structures that provide physical or chemical protection against insect and pathogens attack. Trichomes in Arabidopsis, as typical non-glandular structures, have been extensively studied. However, the molecular mechanism underlying glandular trichome formation and elongation still remains largely unknown. We previously demonstrated that Hair (H) is essential for the formation of type I and type VI trichomes. Here, we found that overexpression of H increased the density and length of tomato trichomes. We revealed that H physically interacts with its close homolog SlZFP8-like (SlZFP8L) and SlZFP8L also directly interacts with Woolly (Wo) by biochemical assays. SlZFP8L overexpression plants showed increased trichome density and length. We further found that the expression of SlZFP6, encoding a C2H2 zinc finger protein, is positively regulated by H. We identified that SlZFP6, is a direct target of H through ChIP-qPCR, Y1H, and LUC assays. Similar to H and SlZFP8L, the overexpression of SlZFP6 also increased the density and length of tomato trichomes. Taken together, our results suggest that H interacts with SlZFP8-like to regulate the initiation and elongation of trichomes by modulating SlZFP6 expression in tomato.

Inheritance of type IV glandular trichome density and its association with whitefly resistance from Solanum galapagense accession LA1401

Euphytica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 213 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Carvalho Andrade ◽  
Alex Antônio da Silva ◽  
Irã Pinheiro Neiva ◽  
Izabela Regina C. Oliveira ◽  
Evaristo Mauro De Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Type Iv

scholarly journals The Lanata trichome mutation increases stomatal conductance and reduces leaf temperature in tomato

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Gasparini ◽  
Ana Carolina R. Souto ◽  
Mateus F. da Silva ◽  
Lucas C. Costa ◽  
Cássia Regina Fernandes Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Trichome Density

ABSTRACTBackground and aimsTrichomes are epidermal structures with an enormous variety of ecological functions and economic applications. Glandular trichomes produce a rich repertoire of secondary metabolites, whereas non-glandular trichomes create a physical barrier against biotic and abiotic stressors. Intense research is underway to understand trichome development and function and enable breeding of more resilient crops. However, little is known on how enhanced trichome density would impinge on leaf photosynthesis, gas exchange and energy balance.MethodsPrevious work has compared multiple species differing in trichome density, instead here we analyzed monogenic trichome mutants in a single tomato genetic background (cv. Micro-Tom). We determined growth parameters, leaf spectral properties, gas exchange and leaf temperature in the hairs absent (h), Lanata (Ln) and Woolly (Wo) trichome mutants.Key resultsShoot dry mass, leaf area, leaf spectral properties and cuticular conductance were not affected by the mutations. However, the Ln mutant showed increased carbon assimilation (A) possibly associated with higher stomatal conductance (gs), since there were no differences in stomatal density or stomatal index between genotypes. Leaf temperature was furthermore reduced in Ln in the early hours of the afternoon.ConclusionsWe show that a single monogenic mutation can increase glandular trichome density, a desirable trait for crop breeding, whilst concomitantly improving leaf gas exchange and reducing leaf temperature.HIGHLIGHTA monogenic mutation in tomato increases trichome density and optimizes gas exchange and leaf temperature

scholarly journals Glandular trichome density and essential oil composition in leaves and inflorescences of Lippia origanoides Kunth (Verbenaceae) in the Brazilian Cerrado

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 943-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz R.S. Tozin ◽  
Marcia O.M. Marques ◽  
Tatiane M. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

The essential oils from leaves and inflorescences of Lippia origanoides Kunth present aromatic and medicinal potential and have been used to treat several diseases, including melanoma. In Brazil, L. origanoides is commonly found in campo cerrado and cerrado stricto sensu, physiognomies featured mainly by the differential light conditions to which short and medium-sized plants are subjected. Our aim was to investigate the glandular trichome density and the yield and chemical composition of the essential oils in leaves and inflorescences of L. origanoides from campo cerrado and cerrado stricto sensu. For glandular density analysis, leaves and inflorescences were processed according to conventional techniques for scanning electron microscopy. The essential oils of leaves and inflorescences were obtained by hydrodistillation and identified with gas chromatography. Bracts and sepals showed the highest glandular density, followed by petals and leaves. The glandular density in the abaxial leaf surface was higher in individuals from the campo cerrado. In both populations the essential oil yield was higher in inflorescences than in leaves. The chemical composition of the essential oils varied among individuals from different areas and inside a same population. Our results demonstrated the chemical plasticity of L. origanoides suggesting the importance of monitoring its popular use.

scholarly journals AaCycTL Regulates Cuticle and Trichome Development in Arabidopsis and Artemisia annua L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boran Dong ◽  
Xingxing Wang ◽  
Rui Jiang ◽  
Shiyuan Fang ◽  
Jinxing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Trichome Development ◽  
Pathway Gene ◽  
Chinese Traditional Herb ◽  
Artemisinin Biosynthesis ◽  
Artemisinin Content ◽  
Important Drug

Artemisinin is an important drug for resistance against malaria. Artemisinin is derived from the glandular trichome of leaves, stems, or buds of the Chinese traditional herb Artemisia annua. Increasing the trichome density may enhance the artemisinin content of A. annua. It has been proven that cyclins are involved in the development of trichomes in tomato, Arabidopsis, and tobacco, but it is unclear whether the cyclins in A. annua influence trichome development. In this study, we showed that AaCycTL may regulate trichome development and affect the content of artemisinin. We cloned AaCycTL and found that it has the same expression files as the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway gene. We overexpressed AaCycTL in Arabidopsis, and the results indicated that AaCycTL changed the wax coverage on the surface of Arabidopsis leaves. The trichome density decreased as well. Using yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays, we show that AaCycTL can interact with AaTAR1. Moreover, we overexpressed AaCycTL in A. annua and found that the expression of AaCycTL was increased to 82–195%. Changes in wax coverage on the surface of transgenic A. annua leaves or stems were found as well. We identified the expression of the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway genes ADS, CYP71AV1, and ALDH1 has decreased to 88–98%, 76–97%, and 82–97% in the AaCycTL-overexpressing A. annua lines, respectively. Furthermore, we found reduced the content of artemisinin. In agreement, overexpression of AaCycTL in A. annua or Arabidopsis may alter waxy loading, change the initiation of trichomes and downregulate trichome density. Altogether, AaCycTL mediates trichome development in A. annua and thus may serve to regulate trichome density and be used for artemisinin biosynthesis.

Ferrous iron-induced increases in capitate glandular trichome density and upregulation of CbHO-1 contributes to increases in blinin content in Conyza blinii

Planta ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 252 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianrun Zheng ◽  
Maojia Wang ◽  
Junyi Zhan ◽  
Wenjun Sun ◽  
Qin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Trichome Density
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