Tailoring Single-Cycle Near Field in a Tunnel Junction with Carrier-Envelope Phase-Controlled Terahertz Electric Fields

By utilizing terahertz scanning tunneling microscopy (THz-STM) with a carrier envelope phase shifter for broadband THz pulses, we could successfully control the near-field-mediated electron dynamics in a tunnel junction with sub-cycle precision. Measurements of the phase-resolved sub-cycle electron tunneling dynamics revealed an unexpected large carrier-envelope phase shift between far-field and near-field single-cycle THz waveforms.

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Real-space coherent manipulation of electrons in a single tunnel junction by single-cycle terahertz electric fields

Nature Photonics ◽

10.1038/nphoton.2016.205 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 762-765 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Katsumasa Yoshioka ◽

Ikufumi Katayama ◽

Yasuo Minami ◽

Masahiro Kitajima ◽

Shoji Yoshida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electric Fields ◽

Tunnel Junction ◽

Real Space ◽

Single Cycle ◽

Coherent Manipulation

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High-resolution terahertz-driven atom probe tomography

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.abd7259 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. eabd7259

Author(s):

Angela Vella ◽

Jonathan Houard ◽

Laurent Arnoldi ◽

Mincheng Tang ◽

Matthias Boudant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electric Fields ◽

Atom Probe Tomography ◽

Near Field ◽

Atom Probe ◽

Atomic Scale ◽

Single Cycle ◽

Terahertz Pulses ◽

Free Ion ◽

Chemical Resolution ◽

Ion Emission

Ultrafast control of matter by a strong electromagnetic field on the atomic scale is essential for future investigations and manipulations of ionization dynamics and excitation in solids. Coupling picosecond duration terahertz pulses to metallic nanostructures allows the generation of extremely localized and intense electric fields. Here, using single-cycle terahertz pulses, we demonstrate control over field ion emission from metallic nanotips. The terahertz near field is shown to induce an athermal ultrafast evaporation of surface atoms as ions on the subpicosecond time scale, with the tip acting as a field amplifier. The ultrafast terahertz-ion interaction offers unprecedented control over ultrashort free-ion pulses for imaging, analyzing, and manipulating matter at atomic scales. Here, we demonstrate terahertz atom probe microscopy as a new platform for microscopy with atomic spatial resolution and ultimate chemical resolution.

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Coherent Manipulation of Electrons in a Tunnel Junction with Carrier-Envelope Phase Controlled THz Electric Fields

Nonlinear Optics ◽

10.1364/nlo.2017.nw2a.3 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

K. Yoshioka ◽

I. Katayama ◽

Y. Arashida ◽

Y. Minami ◽

M. Kitajima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electric Fields ◽

Tunnel Junction ◽

Carrier Envelope Phase ◽

Coherent Manipulation

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Electrical tunability of terahertz nonlinearity in graphene

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.abf9809 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (15) ◽

pp. eabf9809

Author(s):

Sergey Kovalev ◽

Hassan A. Hafez ◽

Klaas-Jan Tielrooij ◽

Jan-Christoph Deinert ◽

Igor Ilyakov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electric Fields ◽

Quantitative Agreement ◽

Terahertz Frequency ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Single Cycle ◽

Terahertz Frequency Range ◽

Third Harmonic ◽

Accurate Design ◽

Electronic Signal Processing ◽

Ultrahigh Frequencies

Graphene is conceivably the most nonlinear optoelectronic material we know. Its nonlinear optical coefficients in the terahertz frequency range surpass those of other materials by many orders of magnitude. Here, we show that the terahertz nonlinearity of graphene, both for ultrashort single-cycle and quasi-monochromatic multicycle input terahertz signals, can be efficiently controlled using electrical gating, with gating voltages as low as a few volts. For example, optimal electrical gating enhances the power conversion efficiency in terahertz third-harmonic generation in graphene by about two orders of magnitude. Our experimental results are in quantitative agreement with a physical model of the graphene nonlinearity, describing the time-dependent thermodynamic balance maintained within the electronic population of graphene during interaction with ultrafast electric fields. Our results can serve as a basis for straightforward and accurate design of devices and applications for efficient electronic signal processing in graphene at ultrahigh frequencies.

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Investigation of the Carrier Movement through the Tunneling Junction in the InGaP/GaAs Dual Junction Solar Cell Using the Electrically and Optically Biased Photoreflectance Spectroscopy

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14030638 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 638

Author(s):

Sanam SaeidNahaei ◽

Hyun-Jun Jo ◽

Sang Jo Lee ◽

Jong Su Kim ◽

Sang Jun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cell ◽

Electric Field ◽

Electric Fields ◽

Bias Voltage ◽

Tunnel Junction ◽

Photogenerated Carrier ◽

Internal Electric Field ◽

Junction Solar Cell ◽

Photoreflectance Spectroscopy ◽

Dc Bias

For examining the carrier movements through tunnel junction, electrically and optically-biased photoreflectance spectroscopy (EBPR and OBPR) were used to investigate the internal electric field in the InGaP/GaAs dual junction solar cell at room temperature. At InGaP and GaAs, the strength of p-n junction electric fields (Fpn) was perturbed by the external DC bias voltage and CW light intensity for EBPR and OBPR experiments, respectively. Moreover, the Fpn was evaluated using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the Franz—Keldysh oscillation from PR spectra. In the EBPR, the electric field decreased by increasing the DC bias voltage, which also decreased the potential barrier. In OBPR, when incident CW light is absorbed by the top cell, the decrement of the Fpn in the GaAs cell indicates that the photogenerated carriers are accumulated near the p-n junction. Photogenerated carriers in InGaP can pass through the tunnel junction, and the PR results show the contribution of the modification of the electric field by the photogenerated carriers in each cell. We suggest that PR spectroscopy with optical-bias and electrical-bias could be analyzed using the information of the photogenerated carrier passed through the tunnel junction.

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Atomic 2D electric field imaging of a Yagi–Uda antenna near-field using a portable Rydberg-atom probe and measurement instrument

Advanced Optical Technologies ◽

10.1515/aot-2020-0029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 305-312

Author(s):

Ryan Cardman ◽

Luís F. Gonçalves ◽

Rachel E. Sapiro ◽

Georg Raithel ◽

David A. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Electric Field ◽

Electric Fields ◽

Field Measurement ◽

Near Field ◽

Measurement Instrument ◽

Rydberg Atom ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Atom Probe ◽

Electric Field Measurement ◽

Measurement Uncertainties

AbstractWe present electric field measurements and imaging of a Yagi–Uda antenna near-field using a Rydberg atom–based radio frequency electric field measurement instrument. The instrument uses electromagnetically induced transparency with Rydberg states of cesium atoms in a room-temperature vapor and off-resonant RF-field–induced Rydberg-level shifts for optical SI-traceable measurements of RF electric fields over a wide amplitude and frequency range. The electric field along the antenna boresight is measured using the atomic probe at a spatial resolution of ${\lambda }_{RF}/2$ with electric field measurement uncertainties below 5.5%, an improvement to RF measurement uncertainties provided by existing antenna standards.

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Nonlinear nanoelectrodynamics of a Weyl metal

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2116366118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 118 (48) ◽

pp. e2116366118

Author(s):

Yinming Shao ◽

Ran Jing ◽

Sang Hoon Chae ◽

Chong Wang ◽

Zhiyuan Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electric Fields ◽

Mirror Symmetry ◽

Density Functional ◽

Near Field ◽

Surface States ◽

Real Space ◽

Resonance Structure ◽

Nonlinear Conductivity ◽

Weyl Semimetal ◽

Photocurrent Spectroscopy

Chiral Weyl fermions with linear energy-momentum dispersion in the bulk accompanied by Fermi-arc states on the surfaces prompt a host of enticing optical effects. While new Weyl semimetal materials keep emerging, the available optical probes are limited. In particular, isolating bulk and surface electrodynamics in Weyl conductors remains a challenge. We devised an approach to the problem based on near-field photocurrent imaging at the nanoscale and applied this technique to a prototypical Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4. As a first step, we visualized nano-photocurrent patterns in real space and demonstrated their connection to bulk nonlinear conductivity tensors through extensive modeling augmented with density functional theory calculations. Notably, our nanoscale probe gives access to not only the in-plane but also the out-of-plane electric fields so that it is feasible to interrogate all allowed nonlinear tensors including those that remained dormant in conventional far-field optics. Surface- and bulk-related nonlinear contributions are distinguished through their “symmetry fingerprints” in the photocurrent maps. Robust photocurrents also appear at mirror-symmetry breaking edges of TaIrTe4 single crystals that we assign to nonlinear conductivity tensors forbidden in the bulk. Nano-photocurrent spectroscopy at the boundary reveals a strong resonance structure absent in the interior of the sample, providing evidence for elusive surface states.

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Broadband Plasmonic Nanopolarizer Based on Different Surface Plasmon Resonance Modes in a Silver Nanorod

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst10060447 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 447

Author(s):

Junxi Zhang ◽

Lei Hu ◽

Zhijia Hu ◽

Yongqing Wei ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electric Fields ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Near Field ◽

Resonant Cavity ◽

Transverse Magnetic ◽

Wave Mode ◽

Fdtd Simulation ◽

Nanophotonic Devices ◽

Resonance Modes ◽

Polarization Characteristics

Conventional polarizers including sheet, wire-grid, prism, and Brewster-angle type polarizers are not easily integrated with photonic circuits. Polarizing elements on the nanoscale are indispensable for integrated all-optical nanophotonic devices. Here, we propose a plasmonic nanopolarizer based on a silver nanorod. The polarization characteristics result from the excitation of different resonance modes of localized surface plasmons (LSPs) at different wavelengths. Furthermore, the polarization characteristics in near field regions have been demonstrated by the electric field distribution of the nanorod based on finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation, indicating a strong local resonant cavity with a standing wave mode for transverse electric (TE) polarization and weak electric fields distributed for transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. The nanopolarizer can efficiently work in the near field region, exhibiting a nanopolarization effect. In addition, very high extinction ratios and extremely low insertion losses can be achieved. Particularly, the nanopolarizer can work in a broadband from visible to near-infrared wavelengths, which can be tuned by changing the aspect ratio of the nanorod. The plasmonic nanopolarizer is a promising candidate for potential applications in the integration of nanophotonic devices and circuits.

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