Signature Lipid Biomarker Analysis for Quantitative Assessment In Situ of Environmental Microbial Ecology

1997 ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. White ◽  
David B. Ringelberg ◽  
Sarah J. Macnaughton ◽  
Srinivas Alugupalli ◽  
David Schram
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Lipid Biomarker ◽  
Biomarker Analysis

scholarly journals The occurrence and ecology of microbial chain elongation of carboxylates in soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayalee Joshi ◽  
Aide Robles ◽  
Samuel Aguiar ◽  
Anca G. Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Soil Microcosms ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Anaerobic Soils ◽  
Clostridium Kluyveri ◽  
Substrate Concentrations ◽  
Elongation Activity

AbstractChain elongation is a growth-dependent anaerobic metabolism that combines acetate and ethanol into butyrate, hexanoate, and octanoate. While the model microorganism for chain elongation, Clostridium kluyveri, was isolated from a saturated soil sample in the 1940s, chain elongation has remained unexplored in soil environments. During soil fermentative events, simple carboxylates and alcohols can transiently accumulate up to low mM concentrations, suggesting in situ possibility of microbial chain elongation. Here, we examined the occurrence and microbial ecology of chain elongation in four soil types in microcosms and enrichments amended with chain elongation substrates. All soils showed evidence of chain elongation activity with several days of incubation at high (100 mM) and environmentally relevant (2.5 mM) concentrations of acetate and ethanol. Three soils showed substantial activity in soil microcosms with high substrate concentrations, converting 58% or more of the added carbon as acetate and ethanol to butyrate, butanol, and hexanoate. Semi-batch enrichment yielded hexanoate and octanoate as the most elongated products and microbial communities predominated by C. kluyveri and other Firmicutes genera not known to undergo chain elongation. Collectively, these results strongly suggest a niche for chain elongation in anaerobic soils that should not be overlooked in soil microbial ecology studies.

scholarly journals Analyses of depositional environments of the Marcellus formation in New York using biomarker and trace metal proxies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reilly M. Blocho ◽  
Richard W. Smith ◽  
Mark R. Noll
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
New York ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
New York State ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Average Chain Length ◽  
Lipid Biomarker ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Biomarker Analysis ◽  
Marcellus Formation

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to observe how the composition of organic matter (OM) and the extent of anoxia during deposition within the Marcellus Formation in New York varied by distance from the sediment source in eastern New York. Lipid biomarkers (n-alkanes and fatty acids) in the extractable organic component (bitumen) of the shale samples were analyzed, and proxies such as the average chain length (ACL), aquatic to terrestrial ratio (ATR) and carbon preference index (CPI) of n-alkanes were calculated. Fatty acids were relatively non-abundant due to the age of the shale bed, but n-alkane distributions revealed that the primary component of the OM was terrigenous plants. The presence of shorter n-alkane chain lengths in the samples indicated that there was also a minor component of phytoplankton and algal (marine) sourced OM. Whole rock analyses were also conducted, and cerium anomalies were calculated as a proxy for anoxia. All samples had a negative anomaly value, indicating anoxic conditions during deposition. Two samples, however, contained values close to zero and thus were determined to have suboxic conditions. Anoxia and total organic matter (TOM) did not show any spatial trends across the basin, which may be caused by varying depths within the basin during deposition. A correlation between nickel concentrations and TOM was observed and indicates that algae was the primary source of the marine OM, which supports the lipid biomarker analysis. It was determined that the kerogen type of the Marcellus Formation in New York State is type III, consistent with a methane-forming shale bed.

scholarly journals Microbial signature lipid biomarker analysis - an approach that is still preferred, even amid various method modifications

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 1251-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Willers ◽  
P.J. Jansen van Rensburg ◽  
S. Claassens
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Biomarker ◽  
Biomarker Analysis

scholarly journals Micrometer scale imaging of sedimentary climate archives – Sample preparation for combined elemental and lipid biomarker analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Alfken ◽  
Lars Wörmer ◽  
Julius S. Lipp ◽  
Jenny Wendt ◽  
Heidi Taubner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Lipid Biomarker ◽  
Biomarker Analysis ◽  
Micrometer Scale

scholarly journals Lipid biomarkers in Holocene and glacial sediments from ancient Lake Ohrid (Macedonia, Albania)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 3473-3489 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Holtvoeth ◽  
H. Vogel ◽  
B. Wagner ◽  
G. A. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lipid Biomarkers ◽  
Lake Ohrid ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Plant Matter ◽  
Lipid Biomarker ◽  
First Results ◽  
Near Shore

Abstract. Organic matter preserved in Lake Ohrid sediments originates from aquatic and terrestrial sources. Its variable composition reflects climate-controlled changes in the lake basin's hydrology and related organic matter export, i.e. changes in primary productivity, terrestrial plant matter input and soil erosion. Here, we present first results from lipid biomarker investigations of Lake Ohrid sediments from two near-shore settings: site Lz1120 near the southern shore, with low-lying lands nearby and probably influenced by river discharge, and site Co1202 which is close to the steep eastern slopes. Variable proportions of terrestrial n-alkanoic acids and n-alkanols as well as compositional changes of ω-hydroxy acids document differences in soil organic matter supply between the sites and during different climate stages (glacial, Holocene, 8.2 ka cooling event). Changes in the vegetation cover are suggested by changes in the dominant chain length of terrestrial n-alkanols. Effective microbial degradation of labile organic matter and in situ contribution of organic matter derived from the microbes themselves are both evident in the sediments. We found evidence for anoxic conditions within the photic zone by detecting epicholestanol and tetrahymanol from sulphur-oxidising phototrophic bacteria and bacterivorous ciliates and for the influence of a settled human community from the occurrence of coprostanol, a biomarker for human and animal faeces (pigs, sheep, goats), in an early Holocene sample. This study illustrates the potential of lipid biomarkers for future environmental reconstructions using one of Europe's oldest continental climate archives, Lake Ohrid.

scholarly journals Microbial ecology and geoelectric responses across a groundwater plume

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. SAB9-SAB21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Doherty ◽  
Blathnaid McPolin ◽  
Bernd Kulessa ◽  
Alessandra Frau ◽  
Anna Kulakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Contaminant Plume ◽  
Electrochemical Gradient ◽  
Iron Cycling ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate ◽  
Redox Boundary ◽  
Self Potential

We have used geophysics, microbiology, and geochemistry to link large-scale (30+ m) geophysical self-potential (SP) responses at a groundwater contaminant plume with its chemistry and microbial ecology of groundwater and soil from in and around it. We have found that microbially mediated transformation of ammonia to nitrite, nitrate, and nitrogen gas was likely to have promoted a well-defined electrochemical gradient at the edge of the plume, which dominated the SP response. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the plume fringe or anode of the geobattery was dominated by electrogens and biodegradative microorganisms including Proteobacteria alongside Geobacteraceae, Desulfobulbaceae, and Nitrosomonadaceae. The uncultivated candidate phylum OD1 dominated uncontaminated areas of the site. We defined the redox boundary at the plume edge using the calculated and observed electric SP geophysical measurements. Conductive soils and waste acted as an electronic conductor, which was dominated by abiotic iron cycling processes that sequester electrons generated at the plume fringe. We have suggested that such geoelectric phenomena can act as indicators of natural attenuation processes that control groundwater plumes. Further work is required to monitor electron transfer across the geoelectric dipole to fully define this phenomenon as a geobattery. This approach can be used as a novel way of monitoring microbial activity around the degradation of contaminated groundwater plumes or to monitor in situ bioelectric systems designed to manage groundwater plumes.

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