Paclitaxel Nanoparticles: Production Using Compressed CO2as Antisolvent: Characterization and Animal Model Studies

2006 ◽  
pp. 262-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenghui Niu ◽  
Katherine F. Roby ◽  
Roger A. Rajewski ◽  
Charles Decedue ◽  
Bala Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Model Studies

“In vitro” and in Animal Model Studies on a Double Virus- Inactivated Factor VIII Concentrate

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (03) ◽  
pp. 868-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Arrighi ◽  
Roberta Rossi ◽  
Maria Giuseppina Borri ◽  
Vladimir Lesnikov ◽  
Marina Lesnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Virus Inactivation ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Heat Treated

SummaryTo improve the safety of plasma derived factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate, we introduced a final super heat treatment (100° C for 30 min) as additional virus inactivation step applied to a lyophilized, highly purified FVIII concentrate (100 IU/mg of proteins) already virus inactivated using the solvent/detergent (SID) method during the manufacturing process.The efficiency of the super heat treatment was demonstrated in inactivating two non-lipid enveloped viruses (Hepatitis A virus and Poliovirus 1). The loss of FVIII procoagulant activity during the super heat treatment was of about 15%, estimated both by clotting and chromogenic assays. No substantial changes were observed in physical, biochemical and immunological characteristics of the heat treated FVIII concentrate in comparison with those of the FVIII before heat treatment.

scholarly journals Is Eating Raisins Healthy?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Olmo-Cunillera ◽  
Danilo Escobar-Avello ◽  
Andy J. Pérez ◽  
María Marhuenda-Muñoz ◽  
Rosa Mª Lamuela-Raventós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Potential Benefits

Raisins are dried grapes consumed worldwide that contain beneficial components for human health. They are rich in fiber and phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds. Despite a 60% sugar content, several studies have reported health-promoting properties for raisins and this review compiles the intervention studies, as well as the cell line and animal model studies carried out to date. It has been demonstrated that raisins possess a low-to-moderate glycemic index, which makes them a healthy snack. They seem to contribute to a better diet quality and may reduce appetite. Their antioxidant capacity has been correlated to the phenolic content and this may be involved in the improvement of cardiovascular health. In addition, raisins maintain a good oral health due to their antibacterial activity, low adherence to teeth and an optimum oral pH. Raisin consumption also seems to be favorable for colon function, although more studies should be done to conclude this benefit. Moreover, gut microbiota could be affected by the prebiotic content of raisins. Cell line and animal model studies show other potential benefits in specific diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. However, deeper research is required and future intervention studies with humans are needed. Overall, incorporating an 80–90 g portion of raisins (half a cup) into the daily diet may be favorable for human health.

scholarly journals Toxin production by Campylobacter spp.

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
T M Wassenaar
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Of all the virulence factors that were proposed for Campylobacter jejuni and related species to cause disease in humans, the discovery of toxin production was the most promising but led to a rather confusing and even disappointing stream of data. The discussion of whether proteinaceous exotoxins are relevant in disease remains open. One important reason for this lack of consensus is the anecdotal nature of the literature reports. To provide a basis for an unbiased opinion, this review compiles all described exotoxins, compares their reported properties, and provides a summary of animal model studies and clinical data. The toxins are divided into enterotoxins and cytotoxins and are sorted according to their biochemical properties. Since many Campylobacter toxins have been compared with toxins of other species, some key examples of the latter are also discussed. Future directions of toxin research that appear promising are defined.

Chemoprevention of Tumors: The Role of RAR-Beta

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Toma ◽  
L. Emionite ◽  
G. Fabia ◽  
N. Spadini ◽  
L. Vergani
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Invasive Cancer ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scientific Rationale ◽  
Cellular Alterations

Chemoprevention can be defined as the use of specific natural or synthetic chemical agents to reverse, suppress, or prevent carcinogenic progression to invasive cancer. The knowledge of carcinogenic mechanisms provides the scientific rationale for chemoprevention. Epithelial carcinogenesis proceeds through multiple discernible stages of molecular and cellular alterations. Understanding of the multistep nature of carcinogenesis has evolved through highly controlled animal carcinogenesis studies, and these studies have identified three distinct phases: initiation, promotion and progression. Animal model studies have provided evidence that the development of cancer involves many different factors, including alterations in the structures and functions of different genes. Transitions between successive stages can be enhanced or inhibited in the laboratory by different types of agents, such activities providing the fundamental basis for chemoprevention.

scholarly journals Progress toward inducing immunologic tolerance to factor VIII

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 121 (22) ◽  
pp. 4449-4456 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Scott ◽  
Kathleen P. Pratt ◽  
Carol H. Miao
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Human T Cell

Abstract A major problem in treating hemophilia A patients with therapeutic factor VIII (FVIII) is that 20% to 30% of these patients produce neutralizing anti-FVIII antibodies. These antibodies block (inhibit) the procoagulant function of FVIII and thus are termed “inhibitors.” The currently accepted clinical method to attempt to eliminate inhibitors is immune tolerance induction (ITI) via a protocol requiring intensive FVIII treatment until inhibitor titers drop. Although often successful, ITI is extremely costly and is less likely to succeed in patients with high-titer inhibitors. During the past decade, significant progress has been made in clarifying mechanisms of allo- and autoimmune responses to FVIII and in suppression of these responses. Animal model studies are suggesting novel, less costly methods to induce tolerance to FVIII. Complementary studies of anti-FVIII T-cell responses using blood samples from human donors are identifying immunodominant T-cell epitopes in FVIII and possible targets for tolerogenic efforts. Mechanistic experiments using human T-cell clones and lines are providing a clinically relevant counterpoint to the animal model studies. This review highlights recent progress toward the related goals of lowering the incidence of anti-FVIII immune responses and promoting durable, functional immune tolerance to FVIII in patients with an existing inhibitor.

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