Comment on “Comparative Tissue Distribution, Biotransformation and Associated Biological Effects by Decabromodiphenyl Ethane and Decabrominated Diphenyl Ether in Male Rats after a 90-Day Oral Exposure Study”

Concerns about decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) have arisen recently due to its increasing concentrations in the environment. We investigated the tissue concentration, distribution, and the debromination of BDE-209 after oral exposure, using rats as a model. Three groups of male rats were administrated by oral gavage with corn oil containing 0, 10, or 50 mg/kg bw/day of BDE-209 over 90 days. After exposure, BDE-209 and its metabolites levels in the liver, kidney, and adipose of the rats were measured. The mRNA expression levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in liver, serum thyroid hormone levels, and open-field tests were also measured. BDE-209 and several octa- and nona-BDE congeners were detected in the tissues of the dosed rats, indicating that BDE-209 was bioavailable and biotransformative in male rats. BDE-209 and its debrominated congeners had no mRNA level effect on selective genes from the CYP family in the liver or on the spontaneous behavior of adult male rats. Conversely, the level of thyroid hormone, total triiodothyronine (T3) in rats from the dosed treatments increased significantly compared to the control group.

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Physiological stress response of the Wistar albino rats orally exposed to polystyrene nanoparticles

10.21203/rs.3.rs-23042/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Akbar Babaei ◽

Mohammad Rafiee ◽

Fariba Khodagholi ◽

Elham Ahmadpour ◽

Fatemeh Amereh

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Male Rats ◽

Whole Body ◽

Oral Exposure ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Biochemical Responses

Abstract Background Few studies have examined nano-sized plastic particulates (NPs) exposure in relation to oxidative stress and biochemical responses in rodents, commonly used for toxicity evaluations on which to base risk assessment for humans.Methods Here we explored possible oxidative stress and biochemical responses of five weeks oral exposure to polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles (1, 3, 6 and 10 mg/kg body weight per day) in male rats. We used variance analysis and variance explained statistic eta-squared (𝜂2) to estimate the strength of relationships worked out. The whole body scanning further provided insight into the bio-distribution of nanoplastics upon oral exposure.Results Results demonstrated the accumulation of PS-NPs through whole body and also a dose-dependent increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Significant alterations in antioxidant responses including serum levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total glutathione content were noticed, pointing towards a perturbation of redox state induced by the exposure conditions. Acetylcholinesterase level in highest dose group was about 40 percent lower than those in control group. Biochemical parameters viz. glucose, cortisol, lipase, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), triglycerides, and urea showed a significant increase, while total protein, albumin and globulin levels showed an appreciable decline.Conclusion The pattern of associations noticed with AChE activity and biochemical responses in our study suggests the possibility that a neurobehavioral effect or dysfunctions in energy metabolism, or both, may be the potential mode of action, possibly through stress response as well as liver function. Perturbations of creatinine and uric acid levels are indeed plausible biological explanations for the association with kidney dysfunction. Although we provided a new scientific clue for exploring the biological effects of plastics nanoparticles, the results warrant additional research with a larger sample size. The suggested potential mechanisms also remains to be investigated.

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Peculiarities of Evaluation of Biological Effects of the Influence of Electromagnetic Radiation in Conditions of Reduced Temperature (Experiment)

Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini bìologìï ta sportu ◽

10.26693/jmbs06.02.227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 227-235

Author(s):

O. Litovchenko ◽

◽

I. Perova ◽

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Radiation ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Biological Effects ◽

The Body ◽

Combined Effect ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Immunological Parameters ◽

Reduced Temperature

In modern conditions there is a high need to improve methods for establishing the nature of the combined influence of factors using modern approaches for further development of prevention measures against the negative impact of factors on the body. The purpose of the study was to investigate the combined effect of electromagnetic radiation and low temperatures with subsequent determination of the level of contribution of each factor in the formation of biological effects within the experiment by mathematical analysis of data using the method of artificial intelligence. Materials and methods. The subchronic experiment (30 days) was performed on male rats. The animals were divided into groups: combined exposure to electromagnetic radiation (70 kHz, 600 V/m) and reduced temperature (40C), isolated exposure to reduced temperature, isolated exposure to electromagnetic radiation and a control group. The establishment of biological effects was performed at stages 5, 15 and 30 days of the experiment. Changes in the body were assessed by physiological, biochemical and immunological parameters of the blood (30 indicators). Data processing was performed using computational intelligence methods (Neuro-fuzzy system). Results and discussion. The combined effect of the factors was manifested by the following biological effects: intensification of peroxidation processes with simultaneous moderate suppression of antioxidant protection, intensification of lipid metabolism was characterized by dyslipoproteinemia, manifesting in: increase in triglycerides, cholesterol and its fractions. Changes of the immune system were decrease in the ability of neutrophils to phagocytosis at different stages of the experiment, imbalance of the activation of the system of reducing the concentration of C4 at the background of increased intensity of IgM and IgG synthesis. The method of determining the intensity of the factors, developed on the basis of factor and cluster analysis, allowed to determine that during the experiment the ratios between the factors changed, but the greatest contribution was made by reduced temperature by both biochemical parameters (63%) and immunological (53%) at the same time, the level of electromagnetic radiation contribution was 37% and 47%, respectively. Thus, the reduced temperature was the leading factor in the combined effect, which added 60% to the overall biological effect throughout the study, against the effect of electromagnetic radiation for which the level of contribution was only 40%. By means of the factor analysis informative indicators, making it possible to establish the characteristics of biological effects, and therefore leading indicators in formation of biological effects were the increase in concentration of DC with simultaneous decrease in concentration of SH-groups, increase in VLDL and suppression of oxygen-dependent metabolism of neutrophil-test. Conclusion. Thus, the tested mathematical approach allowed to determine the leading role of each of the studied factors under the conditions of their combined influence in different systems, which allows to predict probable appropriate reactions of the whole organism and gives a reasonable approach to the development of preventive measures

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The protective role of CsNPs and CurNPs against DNA damage, oxidative stress, and histopathological and immunohistochemical alterations induced by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in male rat kidney

Toxicology Research ◽

10.1039/c9tx00138g ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 741-753 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Israa F. Mosa ◽

Mokhtar I. Yousef ◽

Maher Kamel ◽

Osama F. Mosa ◽

Yasser Helmy

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Male Rats ◽

Nuclear Antigen ◽

Male Rat ◽

Control Group ◽

Renal Tubules ◽

Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles

Abstract Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP-NPs) are an inorganic component of natural bone and are mainly used in the tissue engineering field due to their bioactivity, osteoconductivity, biocompatibility, non-inflammatory, and non-toxicity properties. However, the current toxicity data for HAP-NPs regarding human health are limited, and only a few results from basic studies have been published. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the beneficial role of chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) and curcumin nanoparticles (CurNPs) in alleviating nephrotoxicity induced by HAP-NPs in male rats. The results showed that HAP-NPs caused a reduction in antioxidant enzymes and induced lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide production and DNA oxidation. Moreover, HAP-NP administration was associated with intense histologic changes in kidney architecture and immunoreactivity to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). However, the presence of CsNPs and/or CurNPs along with HAP-NPs reduced the levels of oxidative stress through improving the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Also, the rats administered the nanoparticles showed a moderate improvement in glomerular damage which matched that of the control group and showed mild positive reactions to PCNA–ir in glomeruli and renal tubules in the cortical and medullary portions. These novel insights confirm that the presence of chitosan and curcumin in nanoforms has powerful biological effects with enhanced bioactivity and bioavailability phenomena compared to their microphase counterparts. Also, they were able to ameliorate the nephrotoxicity induced by HAP-NPs.

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Pharmacokinetic profile of recombinant human (rh) inhibin A and activin A in the immature rat. II. Tissue distribution of [125I]rh-inhibin A and [125I]rh-activin A in immature female and male rats.

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endo.132.2.8425491 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 132 (2) ◽

pp. 725-734 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

T K Woodruff ◽

L Krummen ◽

S A Chen ◽

R Lyon ◽

S E Hansen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Distribution ◽

Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽

Activin A ◽

Male Rats ◽

Immature Female ◽

Inhibin A ◽

Immature Rat

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Influence of chronic undernutrition and leptin on GOAT mRNA levels in rat stomach mucosa

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/jme-08-0102 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 415-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

C Ruth González ◽

María J Vázquez ◽

Miguel López ◽

Carlos Diéguez

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Male Rats ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Acylated Ghrelin ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Stomach Mucosa ◽

Chronic Undernutrition ◽

Fasted Rats

The most unique feature of ghrelin is the acyl-modification of a hydroxyl group of the Ser3 in the N-terminus. The Ser3 is commonly modified by n-octanoic acid in vertebrates being needed for its biological effects, at least in terms of feeding. Therefore, a critical question regarding the role of ghrelin was to characterize the mechanism involved in its acylation. The acyltransferase that catalyzes ghrelin octanoylation has been recently identified and named ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT). The aim of this study was to clarify the physiological implications of GOAT in the regulation of energy balance, by assessing the effect of undernutrition, as well as fasting in adult male rats. We have determined GOAT mRNA expression levels by real time-PCR in the stomach mucosa. Our results show that chronic food restriction led to an increase in GOAT mRNA, particularly following long-term chronic malnutrition (21 days). Furthermore, following 48 h complete fasting, a situation with high-circulating ghrelin levels, we found similar mRNA expression of GOAT in fed and fasted rats; exogenous leptin administration markedly increase GOAT mRNA levels in the stomach mucosa of fasted rats. These findings suggest that increased GOAT mRNA levels may have a role in mediating the physiological responses to chronic undernutrition and could represent an adaptive response to prevent long-lasting alterations in energy balance and body weight homeostasis. Furthermore, our data also offer mechanistic insights into the reason why during fasting acylated ghrelin levels are not increased at a time when a marked increase in an orexigenic signal as important as acylated ghrelin will be expected.

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CORTICOTROPINS (ACTH)

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.105.4.335 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. 335-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

Choh Hao Li ◽

Peter Fønss-Bech ◽

Irving I. Geschwind ◽

Tetsuo Hayashida ◽

Gerald F. Hungerford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Effects ◽

Male Rats ◽

Accessory Sex Glands ◽

Inhibition Of Growth ◽

Biological Responses ◽

Lactogenic Hormone ◽

Hypophysectomized Rats ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

First Time ◽

Stimulation Of

Purified α-corticotropin has been reported to exercise the following biological effects: (a) stimulation of the adrenal glands in normal and hypophysectomized rats, (b) production of blood eosinopenia in hypophysectomized rats, (c) maintenance of muscle glycogen in hypophysectomized rats, (d) inhibition of growth-promoting activity of somatotropin, (e) stimulation of melanocytes in the skin of frogs, (f) mobilization of fat into the liver of fasted mice, (g) stimulation of the accessory sex glands of castrated-hypophysectomized male rats, (h) induction of deciduoma formation in hypophysectomized-oophorectomized rats, and (i) elevation of the total red cell volume in hypophysectomized rats. α-Corticotropin has also been shown for the first time to act in synergism with lactogenic hormone as an essential galactopoietic hormone. The ability of α-corticotropin to elicit biological responses in the absence of the adrenal cortex is discussed.

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