Flue-Gas Carbon Capture on Carbonaceous Sorbents:  Toward a Low-Cost Multifunctional Carbon Filter for “Green” Energy Producers†

For the next generation of combined cycles, it is essential to not only improve the performance of a gas turbine combined cycle power plant, but also reduce its environmental impact. Flue Gas Recirculation is a useful method to increase CO2 concentration in the exhaust stream, allowing a smaller and lower cost carbon capture plant than would be required without FGR. Conventional FGR methodology requires a complex mixer with long mixing section to achieve acceptable inlet conditions for the GT compressor. A novel approach is presented, where the method of introducing the flue gas to the compressor has been substantially rethought to provide a low cost and robust FGR solution for carbon capture and sequestration applications. In this paper, CFD analysis of the flow in the intake section is used to demonstrate the operating principle of such a method, and cycle modelling calculations to compare its performance with a more conventional approach.

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Ammonia Escape Inhibited by NHD in the Process of Carbon Capture Using Ammonia Solution

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1901 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 610-613 ◽

pp. 1901-1904

Author(s):

Shuang Chen Ma ◽

Hui Hui Song ◽

Yun Xue Sun

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Dimethyl Ether ◽

Flue Gas ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Low Cost ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Ammonia Solution ◽

Absorption Method ◽

Ammonia Absorption

Using ammonia solution to absorb CO2 from flue gas is expected to achieve low cost and high efficiency; however, ammonia escape during CO2 absorption limits the application of this technique. In this work, we investigated the inhibitory effect of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (NHD) on ammonia escape in bubbling absorption using ammonia solution. Various NHD and ammonia concentrations on ammonia escape are considered. Results show that NHD significantly inhibits on ammonia escape and enhances removal of CO2 at the same time as well. The amount of escaping ammonia was reduced by 24.9% when 5% NHD was used. The study has important implications for application of the ammonia absorption method in carbon capture.

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Application of Disk Aerators to Recarbonation of Alkaline Wastewater from Wet Gasification of Carbide

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1991.0211 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 277-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. Gomólka ◽

B. Gomólka

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Flue Gas ◽

Carbonic Acid ◽

Low Cost ◽

Flue Gases ◽

Carbon Dioxide Content ◽

Patent Claim ◽

Phase Dispersion

Whenever possible, neutralization of alkaline wastewater should involve low-cost acid. It is conventional to make use of carbonic acid produced via the reaction of carbon dioxide (contained in flue gases) with water according to the following equation: Carbon dioxide content in the flue gas stream varies from 10% to 15%. The flue gas stream may either be passed to the wastewater contained in the recarbonizers, or. enter the scrubbers (which are continually sprayed with wastewater) from the bottom in oountercurrent. The reactors, in which recarbonation occurs, have the ability to expand the contact surface between gaseous and liquid phase. This can be achieved by gas phase dispersion in the liquid phase (bubbling), by liquid phase dispersion in the gas phase (spraying), or by bubbling and spraying, and mixing. These concurrent operations are carried out during motion of the disk aerator (which is a patent claim). The authors describe the functioning of the disk aerator, the composition of the wastewater produced during wet gasification of carbide, the chemistry of recarbonation and decarbonation, and the concept of applying the disk aerator so as to make the wastewater fit for reuse (after suitable neutralization) as feeding water in acetylene generators.

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Low-Cost Organic Adsorbents for Elemental Mercury Removal from Lignite Flue Gas

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14082174 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 2174

Author(s):

Marta Marczak-Grzesik ◽

Stanisław Budzyń ◽

Barbara Tora ◽

Szymon Szufa ◽

Krzysztof Kogut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flue Gas ◽

Low Cost ◽

Elemental Mercury ◽

Mercury Content ◽

Flue Gases ◽

Mercury Removal ◽

Gas Purification ◽

Gas Temperature ◽

Corn Straw ◽

Flue Gas Purification

The research presented by the authors in this paper focused on understanding the behavior of mercury during coal combustion and flue gas purification operations. The goal was to determine the flue gas temperature on the mercury emissions limits for the combustion of lignites in the energy sector. The authors examined the process of sorption of mercury from flue gases using fine-grained organic materials. The main objectives of this study were to recommend a low-cost organic adsorbent such as coke dust (CD), corn straw char (CS-400), brominated corn straw char (CS-400-Br), rubber char (RC-600) or granulated rubber char (GRC-600) to efficiently substitute expensive dust-sized activated carbon. The study covered combustion of lignite from a Polish field. The experiment was conducted at temperatures reflecting conditions inside a flue gas purification installation. One of the tested sorbents—tire-derived rubber char that was obtained by pyrolysis—exhibited good potential for Hg0 into Hg2+ oxidation, resulting in enhanced mercury removal from the flue. The char characterization increased elevated bromine content (mercury oxidizing agent) in comparison to the other selected adsorbents. This paper presents the results of laboratory tests of mercury sorption from the flue gases at temperatures of 95, 125, 155 and 185 °C. The average mercury content in Polish lignite was 465 μg·kg−1. The concentration of mercury in flue gases emitted into the atmosphere was 17.8 µg·m−3. The study analyzed five low-cost sorbents with the average achieved efficiency of mercury removal from 18.3% to 96.1% for lignite combustion depending on the flue gas temperature.

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Selective Removal of Nitrosamines from a Model Amine Carbon-Capture Waterwash Using Low-Cost Activated-Carbon Sorbents

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/acs.est.7b02806 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (18) ◽

pp. 10913-10922 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Leland R. Widger ◽

Megan Combs ◽

Amit R. Lohe ◽

Cameron A. Lippert ◽

Jesse G. Thompson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Low Cost ◽

Selective Removal ◽

Carbon Sorbents

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Carbon capture and storage using coal fly ash with flue gas

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy ◽

10.1007/s10098-021-02210-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tamilselvi Dananjayan Rushendra Revathy ◽

Andimuthu Ramachandran ◽

Kandasamy Palanivelu

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Flue Gas ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Coal Fly Ash ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

And Storage

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A Pb/Zn Based Chemical Looping System for Hydrogen and Power Production With Carbon Capture

Volume 4: Cycle Innovations; Fans and Blowers; Industrial and Cogeneration; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Marine; Oil and Gas Applications ◽

10.1115/gt2011-46602 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Niall R. McGlashan ◽

Peter R. N. Childs ◽

Andrew L. Heyes

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Flue Gas ◽

Power Output ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Oxygen Carrier ◽

Fluid Phase ◽

Chemical Looping Combustion ◽

Inlet Temperature ◽

Chemical Looping ◽

Lower Efficiency

This paper describes an extension of a novel, carbon-burning, fluid phase chemical looping combustion system proposed previously. The system generates both power and H2 with ‘inherent’ carbon capture using chemical looping combustion (CLC) to perform the main energy release from the fuel. A mixed Pb and Zn based oxygen carrier is used, and due to the thermodynamics of the carbothermic reduction of PbO and ZnO respectively, the system generates a flue gas which consists of a mixture of CO2 and CO. By product H2 is generated from this flue gas using the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR). By varying the proportion of Pb to Zn circulating in the chemical loop, the ratio of CO2 to CO can be controlled, which in turn enables the ratio between the amount of H2 produced to the amount of power generated to be adjusted. By this means, the power output from the system can be ‘turned down’ in periods of low electricity demand without requiring plant shutdown. To facilitate the adjustment of the Pb/Zn ratio, use is made of the two metal’s mutual insolubility, as this means they form in to two liquid layers at the base of the reduction reactor. The amount of Pb and Zn rich liquid drawn from the two layers and subsequently circulated around the system is controlled thereby varying the Pb/Zn ratio. To drive the endothermic reduction of ZnO formed in the oxidiser, hot Zn vapour is ‘blown’ into the reducer where it condenses, releasing latent heat. The Zn vapour to produce this ‘blast’ of hot gas is generated in a flash vessel fed with hot liquid metal extracted from the oxidiser. A mass and energy balance has been conducted for a power system, operating on the Pb/Zn cycle. In the analysis, reactions are assumed to reach equilibrium and losses associated with turbomachinery are considered; however, pressure losses in equipment and pipework are assumed to be negligible. The analysis reveals that a power system with a second law efficiency of between 62% and 68% can be constructed with a peak turbine inlet temperature of only ca. 1850 K. The efficiency varies as the ratio between power and H2 production varies, with the lower efficiency occurring at the maximum power output condition.

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A climate investment trap in developing economies

10.21203/rs.3.rs-119752/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nadia Ameli ◽

Olivier Dessens ◽

Matthew Winning ◽

Jennifer Cronin ◽

Hugues Chenet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cost Of Capital ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Low Cost ◽

Energy Transition ◽

Green Energy ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Green Electricity ◽

Net Zero ◽

Sustainable Finance ◽

The Cost

Abstract Finance is vital for the green energy transition, but the access to low cost finance is uneven as the cost of capital differs substantially between regions. This study shows how modelled decarbonisation pathways of developing economies are disproportionately impacted by assumptions around their cost of capital (WACC). For example, representing regionally specific WACC values indicates 35% lower green electricity production in Africa for a cost-optimal 2°C pathway. Moreover, results show that early convergence of WACC values for green and brown technologies in 2050 would allow Africa to reach net-zero emissions approximately 10 years earlier than when convergence is not considered. A “climate investment trap” arises for developing economies when climate-related investments remain chronically insufficient. Elements of sustainable finance frameworks currently present barriers to these finance flows and radical changes are needed so that capital is better allocated to the regions that most need it.

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