Fast and Direct Na and K Determination in Table, Marine, and Low-Sodium Salts by X-ray Fluorescence and Chemometrics

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2406-2412 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Da-Col ◽  
Maria I. M. S. Bueno ◽  
Fábio L. Melquiades
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (30) ◽  
pp. 14651-14662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Vitoux ◽  
Marie Guignard ◽  
Jacques Darriet ◽  
Claude Delmas

Phase diagram in the NaxMoO2system (x≤ 0.5) determined using electrochemistry andin situX-ray powder diffraction.



Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiping Xiao ◽  
Chaozong Dou ◽  
Hao Shi ◽  
Jinlin Ge ◽  
Li Cai

A series of poisoned catalysts with various forms and contents of sodium salts (Na2SO4 and Na2S2O7) were prepared using the wet impregnation method. The influence of sodium salts poisoned catalysts on SO2 oxidation and NO reduction was investigated. The chemical and physical features of the catalysts were characterized via NH3-temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that sodium salts poisoned catalysts led to a decrease in the denitration efficiency. The 3.6% Na2SO4 poisoned catalyst was the most severely deactivated with denitration efficiency of only 50.97% at 350 °C. The introduction of SO42− and S2O72− created new Brønsted acid sites, which facilitated the adsorption of NH3 and NO reduction. The sodium salts poisoned catalysts significantly increased the conversion of SO2–SO3. 3.6%Na2S2O7 poisoned catalyst had the strongest effect on SO2 oxidation and the catalyst achieved a maximum SO2–SO3-conversion of 1.44% at 410 °C. Characterization results showed sodium salts poisoned catalysts consumed the active ingredient and lowered the V4+/V5+ ratio, which suppressed catalytic performance. However, they increased the content of chemically adsorbed oxygen and the strength of V5+=O bonds, which promoted SO2 oxidation.



2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina E. Gubina ◽  
Vladimir A. Ovchynnikov ◽  
Vladimir M. Amirkhanov ◽  
Viktor V. Skopenkoa ◽  
Oleg V. Shishkinb

N,N′-Tetramethyl-N"-benzoylphosphoryltriamide (I) and dimorpholido-N-benzoylphosphorylamide (II), and their sodium salts Nal, Nall were synthesized and characterized by means of IR and 1H, 31P NMR spectroscopy. The structures of I, II were determined by X-ray diffraction: I monoclinic, space group P2i/c with a = 10.162(3), b= 11.469(4), c = 12.286(4) Å , β = 94.04°, V = 1428.4(8) A 3, Z = 4, p(calcd) = 1.187 g/cm3; II monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 15.503(4), b = 10.991(3), c = 22.000(6) Å, β = 106.39°, V = 3596.3(17) Å3, Z = 8, p(calcd.) = 1.253 g/cm3. The refinement of the structures converged at R = 0.0425 for I, and R = 0.068 for II. In both structures the molecules are connected into centrosymmetric dimers via hydrogen bonds formed by the phosphorylic oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms of amide groups.



2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. S1399-S1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heverton Carrara Pereira ◽  
Vanessa Rios de Souza ◽  
Natália Csizmar Azevedo ◽  
Daniela Maria Rodrigues ◽  
Cleiton Antônio Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  


1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1598-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekkehard Lindner ◽  
Horst W. Schneider ◽  
Riad Fawzi ◽  
Ulrich Englert ◽  
Wolfgang Hiller

Abstract The 2.5-difurfurylpyrrole-O.N.O ligands 3a, b [R = CO2C2H5 (a). COCH, (b)] are obtained by reaction of the furanes l a , b with the 2,5-bis(chloromethyl)pyrrole 2 in the presence of SnCl4. Proton abstraction from 3a, b with NaH affords the sodium salts 4a-Na and 4b-Na. Exchange of the chlorine bridges in [μ-ClRh(Diol)]2 (5,5') (Diol = cyclooctadiene, norbornadiene) results in the formation of the 14-electron complexes (Diol)Rh(O.N.O) (6a,6'a). Addition of PPh3, yields the four-coordinated rhodium complexes (Diol)Rh(O.N.O)(PPh3) (7a,7'a). These compounds are also available in a reverse reaction sequence from 5,5', PPh3, and 4a-Na. The mononuclear rhodium complexes RhCl(Diol)(PPh3) (8,8') are isolated as intermediates. In 7a, 7'a the olefinic ligands are replaced by carbon monoxide to give the dicarbonyl rhodium complex (OC)2Rh(O.N.O)(PPh3) (9a) being detectable only in solution. The same result is achieved upon addition of CO to the compound (OC)Rh(O.N.O)(PPh,) (11a) which results bv the reaction of [μ-ClRh(CO)(PPh3)]2 (10) with 4a-Na. Oxidative addition of CH3I or H2 to 6a, 6 a, 7a, 7'a or 11a was not observed. 1H and 31P{1H} NMR investigations indicate that depending on the temperature the O.N.O ligand in the 14-electron rhodium complex 11a acts as tri- (11a-A), bi- (11a-B) and monodentate (IIa-C) ligands. respectively. 11a also reacts with PPh, to form the /ram-bis(phosphane)rhodium complex (PPh3)2Rh(CO)(O.N.O) (12a). 12a and the analogous complexes 12b and trans-(PMe3)2Rh(CO)(O,N.O) (14a) are obtained by action of ClRh(CO)L2 (13) (L = PPh3. PMe3) on 4a-Na and 4b-Na, respectively. The methylene bridges in the O.N.O ligand 3a are not oxidized, neither in the non-complexed (3a) nor in the complexed (12a) state. According to an X-ray structural analysis 14a crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with Z = 4. In 6a, 6'a, 7a, 7'a, 9a, 11a, 12a, b, and 14a the O.N.O ligand is always nitrogen bonded



MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Emily T. Nienhuis ◽  
John S. McCloy

ABSTRACTThis study seeks to understand the low temperature reactions of the salt phase that occur during the vitrification of Hanford Low Activity Waste (LAW). Salts (such as nitrates, sulfates, carbonates, halides, etc.) play a key role in these low temperature reactions as they sequentially melt, decompose, and volatilize during batch-to-glass conversion. To further understand these complex processes, simplified LAW melts containing oxyanion salts (sodium salts of carbonate, sulfate, and/or nitrate) and early melting glass formers (boric acid) have been evaluated using thermal analysis, infrared absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Results from this study indicate that the volatilization behavior of particular salts is influenced by the presence or absence of other salts. NaNO3 volatilization is decreased by the presence of Na2SO4. The addition of either Na2SO4 or NaNO3 to the system may enhance the volatilization of Na2CO3. In all cases, Na2SO4 was retained after melting and was often found to be in two different crystalline phases upon quenching.



1997 ◽  
Vol 300 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Ogawa ◽  
Toshifumi Yui ◽  
Kunihiko Nakata ◽  
Mariko Kakuta ◽  
Akira Misaki
Keyword(s):  


PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e0134700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Saavedra-Garcia ◽  
Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz ◽  
Robert H. Gilman ◽  
Francisco Diez-Canseco ◽  
María Kathia Cárdenas ◽  
...  


Langmuir ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1715-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisette Streefland ◽  
Fang Yuan ◽  
Peter Rand ◽  
Dick Hoekstra ◽  
Jan B. F. N. Engberts
Keyword(s):  


2014 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudagar Jothi ◽  
Sujith Ravindran ◽  
Ravi Kumar

Corrosion behavior of polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) was investigated in aqueous hydrofluoric acid (HF) and sodium salts (NaCl or Na2SO4). Two oxides (SiCO and SiCNO-(Hf)) and two non-oxide PDCs (SiCN and SiCN-(B)) were examined in this study. The HF acid corroded the oxide PDCs, whereas non-oxide PDCs resisted acid corrosion. Nevertheless, the degradation is slow in some cases to extend the engineering ceramic materials lifespans. The PDCs composites were hot corroded by NaCl or Na2SO4. The Na-salt attacked the PDCs, producing corrosion layers. The cross-sectional X-ray elemental analysis and microstructure surveillance exhibited that the corroded layers comprised of distinct regions. The corrosion mechanism is discussed in line with the experimental discoveries.



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