X-ray structure of the calcium and sodium salts of (asymmetric) di-n-alkyl phosphates formed from the corresponding vesicles in water

Langmuir ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1715-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisette Streefland ◽  
Fang Yuan ◽  
Peter Rand ◽  
Dick Hoekstra ◽  
Jan B. F. N. Engberts
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Salts ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Influence of Sulfur-Containing Sodium Salt Poisoned V2O5–WO3/TiO2 Catalysts on SO2–SO3 Conversion and NO Removal

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiping Xiao ◽  
Chaozong Dou ◽  
Hao Shi ◽  
Jinlin Ge ◽  
Li Cai
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
So2 Oxidation ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Physical Features

A series of poisoned catalysts with various forms and contents of sodium salts (Na2SO4 and Na2S2O7) were prepared using the wet impregnation method. The influence of sodium salts poisoned catalysts on SO2 oxidation and NO reduction was investigated. The chemical and physical features of the catalysts were characterized via NH3-temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that sodium salts poisoned catalysts led to a decrease in the denitration efficiency. The 3.6% Na2SO4 poisoned catalyst was the most severely deactivated with denitration efficiency of only 50.97% at 350 °C. The introduction of SO42− and S2O72− created new Brønsted acid sites, which facilitated the adsorption of NH3 and NO reduction. The sodium salts poisoned catalysts significantly increased the conversion of SO2–SO3. 3.6%Na2S2O7 poisoned catalyst had the strongest effect on SO2 oxidation and the catalyst achieved a maximum SO2–SO3-conversion of 1.44% at 410 °C. Characterization results showed sodium salts poisoned catalysts consumed the active ingredient and lowered the V4+/V5+ ratio, which suppressed catalytic performance. However, they increased the content of chemically adsorbed oxygen and the strength of V5+=O bonds, which promoted SO2 oxidation.

Carbacylamidophosphates: Synthethis and Structure of N,N'-Tetramethyl-NM-benzoylphosphoryltriamide and Dimorpholido-N-benzoylphosphorylamide

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina E. Gubina ◽  
Vladimir A. Ovchynnikov ◽  
Vladimir M. Amirkhanov ◽  
Viktor V. Skopenkoa ◽  
Oleg V. Shishkinb
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Centrosymmetric Dimers ◽  
Oxygen Atoms

N,N′-Tetramethyl-N"-benzoylphosphoryltriamide (I) and dimorpholido-N-benzoylphosphorylamide (II), and their sodium salts Nal, Nall were synthesized and characterized by means of IR and 1H, 31P NMR spectroscopy. The structures of I, II were determined by X-ray diffraction: I monoclinic, space group P2i/c with a = 10.162(3), b= 11.469(4), c = 12.286(4) Å , β = 94.04°, V = 1428.4(8) A 3, Z = 4, p(calcd) = 1.187 g/cm3; II monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 15.503(4), b = 10.991(3), c = 22.000(6) Å, β = 106.39°, V = 3596.3(17) Å3, Z = 8, p(calcd.) = 1.253 g/cm3. The refinement of the structures converged at R = 0.0425 for I, and R = 0.068 for II. In both structures the molecules are connected into centrosymmetric dimers via hydrogen bonds formed by the phosphorylic oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms of amide groups.

Rhodium(I)-Komplexe mit 2,5-Difurfurylpyrrol-Liganden / Rhodium(I) Complexes with 2,5-Difurfurylpyrrole Ligands

1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1598-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekkehard Lindner ◽  
Horst W. Schneider ◽  
Riad Fawzi ◽  
Ulrich Englert ◽  
Wolfgang Hiller
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Rhodium Complex ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
Rhodium Complexes ◽  
Reaction Sequence ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Proton Abstraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
H Nmr

Abstract The 2.5-difurfurylpyrrole-O.N.O ligands 3a, b [R = CO2C2H5 (a). COCH, (b)] are obtained by reaction of the furanes l a , b with the 2,5-bis(chloromethyl)pyrrole 2 in the presence of SnCl4. Proton abstraction from 3a, b with NaH affords the sodium salts 4a-Na and 4b-Na. Exchange of the chlorine bridges in [μ-ClRh(Diol)]2 (5,5') (Diol = cyclooctadiene, norbornadiene) results in the formation of the 14-electron complexes (Diol)Rh(O.N.O) (6a,6'a). Addition of PPh3, yields the four-coordinated rhodium complexes (Diol)Rh(O.N.O)(PPh3) (7a,7'a). These compounds are also available in a reverse reaction sequence from 5,5', PPh3, and 4a-Na. The mononuclear rhodium complexes RhCl(Diol)(PPh3) (8,8') are isolated as intermediates. In 7a, 7'a the olefinic ligands are replaced by carbon monoxide to give the dicarbonyl rhodium complex (OC)2Rh(O.N.O)(PPh3) (9a) being detectable only in solution. The same result is achieved upon addition of CO to the compound (OC)Rh(O.N.O)(PPh,) (11a) which results bv the reaction of [μ-ClRh(CO)(PPh3)]2 (10) with 4a-Na. Oxidative addition of CH3I or H2 to 6a, 6 a, 7a, 7'a or 11a was not observed. 1H and 31P{1H} NMR investigations indicate that depending on the temperature the O.N.O ligand in the 14-electron rhodium complex 11a acts as tri- (11a-A), bi- (11a-B) and monodentate (IIa-C) ligands. respectively. 11a also reacts with PPh, to form the /ram-bis(phosphane)rhodium complex (PPh3)2Rh(CO)(O.N.O) (12a). 12a and the analogous complexes 12b and trans-(PMe3)2Rh(CO)(O,N.O) (14a) are obtained by action of ClRh(CO)L2 (13) (L = PPh3. PMe3) on 4a-Na and 4b-Na, respectively. The methylene bridges in the O.N.O ligand 3a are not oxidized, neither in the non-complexed (3a) nor in the complexed (12a) state. According to an X-ray structural analysis 14a crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with Z = 4. In 6a, 6'a, 7a, 7'a, 9a, 11a, 12a, b, and 14a the O.N.O ligand is always nitrogen bonded

scholarly journals Low Temperature Sequential Melting and Anion Retention in Simplified Low Activity Waste

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Emily T. Nienhuis ◽  
John S. McCloy
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Salt Phase ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
Volatilization Behavior

ABSTRACTThis study seeks to understand the low temperature reactions of the salt phase that occur during the vitrification of Hanford Low Activity Waste (LAW). Salts (such as nitrates, sulfates, carbonates, halides, etc.) play a key role in these low temperature reactions as they sequentially melt, decompose, and volatilize during batch-to-glass conversion. To further understand these complex processes, simplified LAW melts containing oxyanion salts (sodium salts of carbonate, sulfate, and/or nitrate) and early melting glass formers (boric acid) have been evaluated using thermal analysis, infrared absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Results from this study indicate that the volatilization behavior of particular salts is influenced by the presence or absence of other salts. NaNO3 volatilization is decreased by the presence of Na2SO4. The addition of either Na2SO4 or NaNO3 to the system may enhance the volatilization of Na2CO3. In all cases, Na2SO4 was retained after melting and was often found to be in two different crystalline phases upon quenching.

X-ray study of beijeran sodium salts, a new galacturonic acid-containing exo-polysaccharide

1997 ◽  
Vol 300 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Ogawa ◽  
Toshifumi Yui ◽  
Kunihiko Nakata ◽  
Mariko Kakuta ◽  
Akira Misaki
Keyword(s):  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
X Ray

Corrosion of Polymer-Derived Ceramics in Hydrofluoric Acid and Sodium Salts

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudagar Jothi ◽  
Sujith Ravindran ◽  
Ravi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Engineering Ceramic ◽  
Polymer Derived Ceramics

Corrosion behavior of polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) was investigated in aqueous hydrofluoric acid (HF) and sodium salts (NaCl or Na2SO4). Two oxides (SiCO and SiCNO-(Hf)) and two non-oxide PDCs (SiCN and SiCN-(B)) were examined in this study. The HF acid corroded the oxide PDCs, whereas non-oxide PDCs resisted acid corrosion. Nevertheless, the degradation is slow in some cases to extend the engineering ceramic materials lifespans. The PDCs composites were hot corroded by NaCl or Na2SO4. The Na-salt attacked the PDCs, producing corrosion layers. The cross-sectional X-ray elemental analysis and microstructure surveillance exhibited that the corroded layers comprised of distinct regions. The corrosion mechanism is discussed in line with the experimental discoveries.

scholarly journals X-ray diffraction patterns from chondroitin 4-sulphate, dermatan sulphate and heparan sulphate (Short Communication)

1973 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-606.1 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. T. Atkins ◽  
T. C. Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Heparan Sulphate ◽  
Layer Line ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dermatan Sulphate ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Line Spacing ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Ordered conformations from the sodium salts of chondroitin 4-sulphate, dermatan sulphate and heparan sulphate were observed by X-ray diffraction. Chondroitin 4-sulphate shows similar threefold helical character to that previously reported for chondroitin 6-sulphate and hyaluronates. Dermatan sulphate forms an eightfold helix with an axial rise per disaccharide of 0.93nm, which favours the l-iduronic acid moiety in the normal C1 chair form. The layer-line spacing and axial projection in heparan sulphate of 1.86nm favours a tetrasaccharide repeat with glycosidic linkages alternating β-d-(1→4) and α-d-(1→4).

scholarly journals Analysis and Prediction of Corrosion of Refractory Materials by Sodium Salts during Waste Liquid Incineration—Thermodynamic Study

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4729
Author(s):  
Guishi Cheng ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Fei Long ◽  
Jiahe Zhang ◽  
Tengfei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Refractory Material ◽  
Corrosion Product ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermodynamic Mechanism

Incineration of high-content sodium salt organic waste liquid will corrode the refractory material in the incinerator, causing the refractory material to peel off and be damaged. A thermodynamics method was used to study the thermodynamic properties of three common sodium salts (NaCl, Na2CO3 and Na2SO4) on the corrosion of refractory materials (MgO·Cr2O3, MgO·Al2O3, Al2O3, MgO and Cr2O3). The results determined that MgO has the best corrosion resistance and is not corroded by the three sodium salts. On this basis, the thermodynamic corrosion experiments of NaCl corrosion of magnesium oxide at three temperatures of 600, 1000 and 1200 °C were carried out. Analysis of the corrosion product by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed no corrosion product formation. Studies have shown that thermodynamic calculation can accurately predict the thermodynamic mechanism of alkali metal corrosion to refractory materials, and MgO is a good anti-alkali metal corrosion refractory material.

ChemInform Abstract: X-Ray Study of Beijeran Sodium Salts, a New Galacturonic Acid- Containing exo-Polysaccharide.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (34) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
K. OGAWA ◽  
T. YUI ◽  
K. NAKATA ◽  
M. KAKUTA ◽  
A. MISAKI
Keyword(s):  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Study of the Corrosion of Refractories by Sodium Carbonate

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2197
Author(s):  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Guishi Cheng ◽  
Yu Xiang ◽  
Fei Long ◽  
Changqing Dong
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Thermodynamic Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Corrosion Reaction ◽  
Thermodynamic Simulations

The corrosion of refractories by sodium salts in waste liquid at high temperature has become a serious problem. This paper focuses on the thermodynamic characterization of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) corrosion of six refractories by FactSage modelling in combination with X-ray diffraction (XRD). Three of the refractories are oxides (Fe2O3, Al2O3, and Cr2O3), and the other three are synthetics spinels (magnesium chromium, MgO·Cr2O3; magnesioferrite, MgO·Fe2O3; and, magnesium aluminium, MgO·Al2O3). First, thermodynamic simulations were carried out with the FactSage thermodynamics model using the reaction package to predict the direction of the Na2CO3 corrosion reaction in terms of the Gibbs free energy. Then, the reactions between the six refractories and Na2CO3 were conducted through a series of refractories/Na2CO3 reaction tests. The XRD analytical method was used to describe and understand the chemistry and interpret mineral matter transformation. The products of the tests were also determined by X-ray diffraction and the experimental observations were compared with the results of the thermodynamic simulations. Furthermore, the strength of sodium corrosion of the refractory materials was comprehensively discussed. The results show that MgO·Al2O3 has the best thermal stability and it is hard to corrode by Na2CO3, while the chrome-containing refractory reacts easily with Na2CO3 with a considerably high amount of corrosion product at a temperature of 600 °C. These experimental results are in agreement with the thermodynamic calculations.

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