Xanthophyll Esterification Accompanying Carotenoid Overaccumulation in Chromoplast ofCapsicum annuumRipening Fruits Is a Constitutive Process and Useful for Ripeness Index

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1617-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dámaso Hornero-Méndez ◽  
M. Isabel Mínguez-Mosquera
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Process ◽  
Ripeness Index

Europeanisation and Foreign and Security Policy – Undermining or Rescuing the Nation State?

Politics ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Major
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Political System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Constitutive Process ◽  
Foreign And Security Policy ◽  
Policy Fields ◽  
Intergovernmental Policy ◽  
The Eu

The article aims to explore the utility of Europeanisation as a concept to grasp the interactions between national and European levels. The article illustrates how the EU impacts on the national level of policy, polity and the politics of Member States and assesses how the role of nation states within the European political system has changed as a result. First, the existing definitions of Europeanisation are critically assessed, contextualised and delimited. Initially developed for communitised policy areas in the first pillar, Europeanisation is defined as an interactive, ongoing and mutually constitutive process of ‘Europeanising’ and ‘Europeanised’ countries, linking national and European levels. Defining Europeanisation as ‘domestic change’, the article then discusses mechanisms, objects and forms, as well as the criteria and conditions of change. The article subsequently seeks to clarify the validity of the Europeanisation concept in capturing the increasing interwovenness of national and European spheres in intergovernmental policy fields situated in the second pillar of the EU, that is, foreign and security policy. Inherent methodological challenges, mainly due to the deficient delimitation of Europeanisation and the intergovernmental character of this policy field are discussed as well as the particularities of its applicability in this unique policy area.

scholarly journals Sustainable Oil and Profitable Wind

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Hoffmann ◽  
Maria E. Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Corporate Learning ◽  
Constitutive Process ◽  
Downward Spiral ◽  
Social And Environmental Responsibilities ◽  
A Company

Abstract Companies are confronted with differing public perceptions, which influence the way in which they present their social and environmental responsibilities. Our qualitative study compares the online responsibility communication of two companies from the energy sector: Shell, representing the controversial but profitable oil industry; and Vestas, representing the sustainable wind industry, the financial competitiveness of which is sometimes called into question. The website analysis reveals that both companies engage in inverted positioning. They invert perceived weaknesses into strengths: Shell highlights its social and environmental responsibilities, whereas Vestas, instead of capitalising on its potential as a CSR brand, highlights its economic responsibility. Theoretically, we integrate inverted positioning into a constitutive process model of responsibility communication. Inverted positioning might lead either to a reputational downward spiral, making a company less credible in the longer term, or the public communication of contested responsibilities functions as a self-imposed ambition that can, over time, induce substantial corporate learning processes.

Toward the Rule of Law in Afghanistan: The Constitutive Process

2004 ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Charles H. Norchi
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Constitutive Process

Modes of Self-Representation in the Images Collectively Produced by Migrants in Lésbos Island: Natives of the New World

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagehan Uskan
Keyword(s):  
Documentary Film ◽  
New World ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Artistic Representations ◽  
Constitutive Process ◽  
Collective Resistance

Natives of the New World is a short documentary film shot on cell phones by the Kino Mosaik collective, which was founded in Lesbos Island, Greece, in 2018. The migrants who were members of the collective tried to transform the period when they were stuck in Lesbos waiting for the decision on their asylum applications into a constitutive process. Kino Mosaik’s main goal was to oppose the passive, apolitical, and victimized migrant image created by mainstream media and many artistic representations. The collective thought that this was possible only from their perspective, and they made this film as an action against stereotypical representational systems. In the short documentary, not only are the difficult conditions that migrants have to deal with made visible but also the forms of collective resistance they have developed against them. This article will analyse Natives of The New World by comparing it with the representational tools it opposes.

scholarly journals Laboratizing the border: The production, translation and anticipation of security technologies

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Bourne ◽  
Heather Johnson ◽  
Debbie Lisle
Keyword(s):  
Security Threats ◽  
Security Technologies ◽  
Device Development ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Constitutive Process ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Integrated Device ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The Eu

This article critically interrogates how borders are produced by scientists, engineers and security experts in advance of the deployment of technical devices they develop. We trace how sovereign decisions are enacted as assemblages in the antecedent register of device development through the everyday decisions of scientists and engineers in the laboratory, the security experts they engage, and the material components of the device itself. Drawing on in-depth interviews, observations, and ethnographic research of the EU-funded Handhold project, we explore how assumptions about the way security technologies will and should perform at the border shape the development of a portable, integrated device to detect chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosives (CBRNE) threats at borders. In disaggregating the moments of sovereign decision-making across multiple sites and times, we question the supposed linearity of how science comes out of and feeds back into the world of border security. An interrogation of competing assumptions and understandings of security threats and needs, of competing logics of innovation and pragmatism, of the demands of differentiated temporalities in detection and identification, and of the presumed capacities, behaviours, and needs of phantasmic competitors and end-users reveals a complex, circulating and co-constitutive process of device development that laboratises the border itself.

Do Exudates Affect Cadmium Speciation and Bioavailability to the Rhizobacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti?

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Dedieu ◽  
Tatiana Iuranova ◽  
Vera I. Slaveykova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Cycles ◽  
Free Concentration ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Constitutive Process ◽  
Free Ion ◽  
Cadmium Speciation

Environmental Context. Heavy metals such as cadmium can affect soil microbes and consequently perturb important nutrient cycles resulting in deterioration of the soil fertility. Conversely, soil bacteria might influence cadmium cycling, bioavailability and ecotoxicity by producing exudates such as proteins, polysaccharides and siderophores. These substances are shown to form complexes with cadmium, decreasing the free concentration of cadmium in soil solutions. Abstract. To better understand the role of exudates in cadmium (Cd) speciation and biouptake by the bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti, the content of various exudate components, including siderophores, proteins and polysaccharides, was quantified in the absence and presence of 10 μM Cd at pH 5.0 and pH 7.0. The obtained results demonstrate that the release of exudates by S. meliloti is a constitutive process rather than one induced by the presence of Cd. Nonetheless, exudates complex Cd and significantly reduce its free ion concentration. Cd bioavailability to S. meliloti was characterized by the amount of adsorbed and intracellular Cd. Adsorbed Cd at pH 5.0 was higher than that at pH 7.0, which is consistent with the higher free Cd concentration and lower amounts of exudates released at that pH. The observed reduction in intracellular Cd at pH 5.0 compared with pH 7.0 was attributed to the prevailing competition between protons and Cd ions for transport sites.

scholarly journals Making Wearables in Aid

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Bergtora Sandvik
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Constitutive Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tracking Devices ◽  
Ambiguous Position ◽  
Initial Exploration ◽  
Private Sector Involvement

This is an initial exploration of an emergent type of humanitarian goods – wearables for tracking and protecting the health, safety and nutrition of aid recipients. Examining the constitutive process of ‘humanitarian wearables’, the article reflects on the ambiguous position of digital humanitarian goods developed at the interface of emergency response contexts, the digitisation of beneficiary bodies and the rise of data and private-sector involvement in humanitarian aid. The article offers a set of contextual framings: first, it describes the proliferation and capabilities of various tracking devices across societal domains; second, it gives a brief account of the history of wristbands in refugee management and child nutrition; third, an inventory is given of prototype products and their proposed uses in aid. It is argued that what needs to be understood is that, in ‘the making’ of humanitarian wearables, the product is the data produced by digitised beneficiary bodies, not the wearables themselves.

scholarly journals Delegation without borders: On individual rights, constitutions and the global order

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC BROUSSEAU ◽  
JEROME SGARD ◽  
YVES SCHEMEIL
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Political Process ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Constitutive Process

AbstractPolitical and economic rights are envisaged as the outcome of an ongoing bargain between citizens and their rulers. Over the long run, this constitutive process shapes the development of both the economy and the state. Globalization, however, corresponds to a period where both the market and civil society extend far beyond the borders of the initial political compact. Hence, citizens may not only ask that cross-border transactions be made easier; they may also challenge the institutional cohesion and integrity of the classical, Westphalian state, i.e., its legal and judicial order, and its bureaucratic capabilities. We are proposing a schematic description of how this political process may gradually exit the national perimeter and deliver four possible models of international or global governance, depending upon the potential structuring of coalitions between the potential winners of the globalization both in the elite and in society, and the losers; national games being ultimately arbitrated by the international competition among elites, but also by the possible formation of global coalitions of citizens and merchants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document