Synthesis and Structural Analysis of the Anilides of Glucuronic Acid and Orientation of the Groups on the Carbohydrate Scaffolding

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 4096-4106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Tosin ◽  
Colin O'Brien ◽  
Geraldine M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Helge Müller-Bunz ◽  
W. Kenneth Glass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Glucuronic Acid

Structural Analysis of an Acidic Polysaccharide from Tremella mesenterica NRRL Y-6158

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Fraser ◽  
H. J. Jennings ◽  
P. Moyna
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Limited Variation ◽  
Branched Structure ◽  
End Group

An acidic polysaccharide has been isolated from the culture medium of T. mesenterica NRRL Y-6158. The heteropolymer contained D-xylose, D-mannose, D-glucuronic acid, and O-acetyl in the molar ratios of 7:5:1:0.7, respectively. Methylation analysis of the heteropolymer indicated that it was essentially a 1 → 3-α-linked mannopyranose backbone having approximately 80% of the backbone units substituted, thus forming a very highly branched structure. The substituents on the backbone were found to be D-glucopyranosyluronic acid end-group, β-linked to the O-2 positions of the mannopyranose units, and 2-O-β-D-linked xylopyranose side-chains, linked both to the O-2 and O-4 positions of the mannopyranose backbone. The methylation analysis suggests that these side-chains are probably two or three xylopyranose units long, although a limited variation in the length of the side-chains is a possibility.

Methylation Analysis as a Tool for Structural Analysis of Wood Polysaccharides

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Laine ◽  
T. Tamminen ◽  
A. Vikkula ◽  
T. Vuorinen
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Wood Polysaccharides ◽  
Relative Molar Response

Summary In modern structural analysis of complex mixtures of wood polysaccharides, methylation analysis is still a valuable and powerful tool for linkage analysis. In this paper, methylation analysis is described for the procedure methylation, methanolysis, silylation and GC/MS. The retention time indexes for the partly methylated methyl glycosides of the relevant wood polysaccharides are listed together with the ratios of the isomers of the different structural units. A calculation model for relative molar response factors is suggested based on a published model for FID detection and on experimental data. Tested for oligosaccharides of known structure including xylotetraose, mannotriose and 63, 64-α-D-galactosyl-mannopentaose, the model gives reproducible and sufficiently correct results. The fate of xylose units substituted with 4-O-methyl glucuronic acid at position 2 is investigated with a model compound.

scholarly journals Structure of heparan sulphate oligosaccharides and their degradation by exo-enzymes

1979 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Linker
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Heparan Sulphate ◽  
Major Fraction ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Acid Degradation ◽  
Iduronic Acid ◽  
Heparan Sulphate Chain

Oligosaccharides obtained from heparan sulphate by nitrous acid degradation were shown to be degraded sequentially by beta-D-glucuronidase or alpha-L-iduronidase followed by alpha D-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Structural analysis of the tetrasaccharide fraction showed the following. (1) N-Acetylglucosamine is preceded by a non-sulphated uronic acid residue that can be either D-glucuronic of L-iduronic acid, but followed by a glucuronic acid residue. (2) The N-acetylglucosamine in the major fraction is sulphated. (3) Very few if any of the uronic acid residues are sulphated (4). The results indicate that the area of the heparan sulphate chain where disaccharides containing N-acetylglucosamine and N-sulphated glucosamine residues alternate is higher in sulphate content than expected and that the sulphate groups are mainly located on the hexosamine units.

scholarly journals The poly-α- and -β-1,4-glucuronic acid moiety of teichuronopeptide from the cell wall of the alkalophilic Bacillus strain C-125

1990 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Aono
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Structural Component ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Bacillus Strain ◽  
Smith Degradation ◽  
Polyglucuronic Acid ◽  
Alkalophilic Bacillus

Teichuronopeptide is a structural component of the cell wall of alkalophilic Bacillus strain C-125 and is a complex composed of polyglutamate and polyglucuronate. A structural analysis of the polyglucuronic acid moiety was carried out. Periodate oxidation and Smith degradation of the moiety, and enzymic analysis after reduction of glucuronic acid to glucose, revealed that glucuronic acid bound together with alternately alpha- and beta-1,4-linkages.

Structural analysis of the specific capsular polysaccharide of Rhodococcus equi serotype

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Leitch ◽  
James C. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Rhodococcus Equi ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Chemical Shift Correlation ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Magnetic Resonances ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

The specific capsular polysaccharide produced by Rhodococcus equi serotype 1 was found to be a high molecular weight acidic polymer composed of D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-glucuronic acid. Structural analysis of the polysaccharide employed a combination of chemical and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, from which it was determined that the polysaccharide possessed a linear repeating tetrasaccharide unit containing a single O-acetyl substituent and an acetal-linked pyruvic acid moiety:[Formula: see text]The 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonances of O-deacetylated and pyruvic-free serotype 1 polysaccharides were fully assigned by homo- and hetero-nuclear chemical shift correlation methods.Key words: capsular polysaccharide, structural analysis, Rhodococcus equi.

Structural analysis of the surface-layer protein of spirillum serpens by high-resolution electron microscopy

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 738-739
Author(s):  
W. H. Wu ◽  
R. M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Surface Layer Protein ◽  
Morphological Unit ◽  
Resolution Electron

Spirillum serpens possesses a surface layer protein which exhibits a regular hexagonal packing of the morphological subunits. A morphological model of the structure of the protein has been proposed at a resolution of about 25 Å, in which the morphological unit might be described as having the appearance of a flared-out, hollow cylinder with six ÅspokesÅ at the flared end. In order to understand the detailed association of the macromolecules, it is necessary to do a high resolution structural analysis. Large, single layered arrays of the surface layer protein have been obtained for this purpose by means of extensive heating in high CaCl2, a procedure derived from that of Buckmire and Murray. Low dose, low temperature electron microscopy has been applied to the large arrays.As a first step, the samples were negatively stained with neutralized phosphotungstic acid, and the specimens were imaged at 40,000 magnification by use of a high resolution cold stage on a JE0L 100B. Low dose images were recorded with exposures of 7-9 electrons/Å2. The micrographs obtained (Fig. 1) were examined by use of optical diffraction (Fig. 2) to tell what areas were especially well ordered.

RNA polymerase: Preparation and structural analysis of helical polymers

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
E. Loren Buhle ◽  
Pamela Rew ◽  
Ueli Aebi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Helical Polymers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ordered Arrays ◽  
Low Ionic Strength

While DNA-dependent RNA polymerase represents one of the key enzymes involved in transcription and ultimately in gene expression in procaryotic and eucaryotic cells, little progress has been made towards elucidation of its 3-D structure at the molecular level over the past few years. This is mainly because to date no 3-D crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis have been obtained with this rather large (MW ~500 kd) multi-subunit (α2ββ'ζ). As an alternative, we have been trying to form ordered arrays of RNA polymerase from E. coli suitable for structural analysis in the electron microscope combined with image processing. Here we report about helical polymers induced from holoenzyme (α2ββ'ζ) at low ionic strength with 5-7 mM MnCl2 (see Fig. 1a). The presence of the ζ-subunit (MW 86 kd) is required to form these polymers, since the core enzyme (α2ββ') does fail to assemble into such structures under these conditions.

Interpreting HVEM of muscle-cell impulse networks

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
Paul DeCosta ◽  
Kyugon Cho ◽  
Stephen Shemlon ◽  
Heesung Jun ◽  
Stanley M. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Automatic Classification ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Analysis Algorithm ◽  
Structural Networks

Introduction: The analysis and interpretation of electron micrographs of cells and tissues, often requires the accurate extraction of structural networks, which either provide immediate 2D or 3D information, or from which the desired information can be inferred. The images of these structures contain lines and/or curves whose orientation, lengths, and intersections characterize the overall network.Some examples exist of studies that have been done in the analysis of networks of natural structures. In, Sebok and Roemer determine the complexity of nerve structures in an EM formed slide. Here the number of nodes that exist in the image describes how dense nerve fibers are in a particular region of the skin. Hildith proposes a network structural analysis algorithm for the automatic classification of chromosome spreads (type, relative size and orientation).

Structural analysis using signed evaluations Distance learning into the new millennium

Futures ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
New Millennium

Using structural analysis of social behavior to assess critical but elusive family processes: A new solution to an old problem.

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 979-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lynn Humphrey ◽  
Lorna Smith Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Family Processes
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