Proteome Comparison of Hypopharyngeal Gland Development between Italian and Royal Jelly Producing Worker Honeybees (Apis melliferaL.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 6578-6594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Jianke ◽  
Feng Mao ◽  
Desalegn Begna ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
Zheng Aijuan
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Gland ◽  
Gland Development

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of the genes affecting development of the hypopharyngeal gland in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)

Sociobiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Liu ◽  
Zi-Long Wang ◽  
Lin-Bin Zhou ◽  
Zhijiang Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Nucleolar Protein ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Gland ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Gland Development

Royal jelly has many important biological functions, however the molecular mechanism of royal jelly secretion in hypopharyngeal gland (HG) is still not well understood. In our previously study, six genes (SV2C, eIF-4E, PDK1, IMP, cell growth-regulating nucleolar protein and TGF-βR1) have been shown to might be associated with royal jelly secretion. In this study, the relative expression levels of these genes were examined in the hypopharyngeal gland of workers at different developmental stages (nurse, forager and reversed nurse stages). The results indicated that the relative expression levels of SV2C, eIF-4E, IMP, cell growth-regulating nucleolar protein and TGF-βR1 were reversed at reversed nurse stage compared to forager stage. We concluded that these genes are possibly candidates related to hypopharyngeal gland development or royal jelly secretion.

scholarly journals Nutritional and Temporal Effects on Hypopharyngeal Glands of Africanized Honeybees (Hymenoptera – Apidae)

Sociobiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio De Assis Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Mandibular Gland ◽  
Caste Differentiation ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Gland ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Soybean Extract ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Glandular Structures ◽  
Africanized Honeybees

The hypopharyngeal gland (HG), along with the mandibular gland from Apis mellifera workers plays a fundamental role on the development of the hive. The protein based substances produced by the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands are two important component of the royal jelly, which is responsible for caste differentiation and used to feed larvae, drones and the queen. Several factors may alter the physiology of glandular structures in honeybees and consequently their role within the beehive, and one of the most important factors is their nutritional status. However, few studies have evaluated the development of HG against different diets on Africanized honeybees. Our experiment was composed of four diets (treatments) offered to different groups of workers: (T1) honey, (T2) honey + soybean extract, (T3) honey + pollen and (T4) sucrose solution. The development of the glands was evaluated in two periods: 7 and 10 days of exposure to the diet types. According to the results, an interference of the diet on the acini area of the HG was observed. Bees that were fed with the sucrose solution or soybean extract presented the smallest acini areas as compared to the other treatments. The time of exposure to the different types of diets also had an effect on acini areas. Worker bees fed with honey and soybean extract for 10 days presented smaller acini areas when compared to bees dissected at the 7th day of exposure to those same diet types. Nevertheless, we also observed that factors other than just nutrition are important to the full development of the HG, such as the stimulus promoted by the young breeds.

scholarly journals Combined effect of pollen quality and thiamethoxam on hypopharyngeal gland development and protein content in Apis mellifera

Apidologie ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Renzi ◽  
Neus Rodríguez-Gasol ◽  
Piotr Medrzycki ◽  
Claudio Porrini ◽  
Antonio Martini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Gland ◽  
Pollen Quality ◽  
Gland Development

scholarly journals Acetylcholine and Its Receptors in Honeybees: Involvement in Development and Impairments by Neonicotinoids

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Grünewald ◽  
Paul Siefert
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Gland ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Developmental Disturbances ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Behavioral Impairments ◽  
Insect Central Nervous System

Acetylcholine (ACh) is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the insect central nervous system (CNS). However, besides the neuronal expression of ACh receptors (AChR), the existence of non-neuronal AChR in honeybees is plausible. The cholinergic system is a popular target of insecticides because the pharmacology of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) differs substantially from their vertebrate counterparts. Neonicotinoids are agonists of the nAChR and are largely used in crop protection. In contrast to their relatively high safety for humans and livestock, neonicotinoids pose a threat to pollinating insects such as bees. In addition to its effects on behavior, it becomes increasingly evident that neonicotinoids affect developmental processes in bees that appear to be independent of neuronal AChRs. Brood food (royal jelly, worker jelly, or drone jelly) produced in the hypopharyngeal glands of nurse bees contains millimolar concentrations of ACh, which is required for proper larval development. Neonicotinoids reduce the secreted ACh-content in brood food, reduce hypopharyngeal gland size, and lead to developmental impairments within the colony. We assume that potential hazards of neonicotinoids on pollinating bees occur neuronally causing behavioral impairments on adult individuals, and non-neuronally causing developmental disturbances as well as destroying gland functioning.

Seasonal variation of flavonoid content in bee bread: Potential impact on hypopharyngeal gland development in Apis mellifera honey bees

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-177
Author(s):  
Thaís de Souza Bovi ◽  
André Caeiro ◽  
Sérgio Alexandre Alcantara dos Santos ◽  
Rodrigo Zaluski ◽  
Alex Junji Shinohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Gland ◽  
Bee Bread ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Gland Development

Sodium Selenium Enhances the Antioxidative Activities and Immune Functions of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Increases the Selenium Content in Royal Jelly

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Xuepeng Chi ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Weixing Zhang ◽  
Zhenguo Liu ◽  
Hongfang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Phenol Oxidase ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Gland ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Sucrose Solutions

Abstract Selenium (Se), as an essential micronutrient, has been demonstrated to play an important role in life activities. In this study, we studied the effects of sucrose solutions containing sodium selenite on Apis mellifera (L.). We obtained the appropriate level of sodium selenite for A. mellifera by determining the life span by lab rearing, and then, we studied the effects of sodium selenite on antioxidant activity, phenol oxidase activity, development of the hypopharyngeal gland, Se content of body tissues and royal jelly (RJ), and related gene transcription levels for a bee colony. The results of lab rearing showed that a concentration of 0.57 mg/liter sodium selenium could extend life. After feeding the colony sodium selenium at concentrations of 0.3 mg/liter and 0.6 mg/liter, the results showed that 0.6 mg/liter sodium selenite could enhance the antioxidant and immune activity of 6-d-old larvae and 1-d-old and 9-d-old worker bees (P < 0.05), increase the Se content of body tissues (P < 0.05) and RJ (P < 0.05), and improve the expression of related genes (P < 0.05).

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