scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of the genes affecting development of the hypopharyngeal gland in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)

Sociobiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Liu ◽  
Zi-Long Wang ◽  
Lin-Bin Zhou ◽  
Zhijiang Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Nucleolar Protein ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Gland ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Gland Development

Royal jelly has many important biological functions, however the molecular mechanism of royal jelly secretion in hypopharyngeal gland (HG) is still not well understood. In our previously study, six genes (SV2C, eIF-4E, PDK1, IMP, cell growth-regulating nucleolar protein and TGF-βR1) have been shown to might be associated with royal jelly secretion. In this study, the relative expression levels of these genes were examined in the hypopharyngeal gland of workers at different developmental stages (nurse, forager and reversed nurse stages). The results indicated that the relative expression levels of SV2C, eIF-4E, IMP, cell growth-regulating nucleolar protein and TGF-βR1 were reversed at reversed nurse stage compared to forager stage. We concluded that these genes are possibly candidates related to hypopharyngeal gland development or royal jelly secretion.

Identification of a novel microRNA, miR-4449, as a potential blood based marker in multiple myeloma

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianjuan Shen ◽  
Yan Ye ◽  
Jing Qi ◽  
Wei Shi ◽  
Xinhua Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr

AbstractBackground:miRNAs act in diverse biological processes including development, cell growth, apoptosis, and hematopoiesis, suggesting their role in cancer.Methods:We examined the miRNAs perturbed in CD138+ primary multiple myeloma (MM) cells, using microarray analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Serum miR-4449 expression levels were detected from 71 primary MM patients and 46 healthy controls by RT-qPCR.Results:Our analysis revealed up-regulation of 54 and down-regulation of 28 miRNAs in MM subjects compared to healthy controls. miR-4449 has not been reported in MM. It was found that the relative expression of bone marrow miR-4449 in MM patients (2.14±1.42) was higher than that in healthy controls (0.815±0.165) (U=8, p=0.0093). The relative expression of serum miR-4449 in MM patients (2.11±2.10) was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (0.357±0.235) (U=374, p<0.0001) and was significantly correlated with βConclusions:The expression levels of serum miR-4449 in MM patients were significantly higher than in healthy controls, suggesting that it may prove to be useful in the auxiliary diagnosis of MM.

Proteome Comparison of Hypopharyngeal Gland Development between Italian and Royal Jelly Producing Worker Honeybees (Apis melliferaL.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 6578-6594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Jianke ◽  
Feng Mao ◽  
Desalegn Begna ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
Zheng Aijuan
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Gland ◽  
Gland Development

Seasonal variation of flavonoid content in bee bread: Potential impact on hypopharyngeal gland development in Apis mellifera honey bees

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-177
Author(s):  
Thaís de Souza Bovi ◽  
André Caeiro ◽  
Sérgio Alexandre Alcantara dos Santos ◽  
Rodrigo Zaluski ◽  
Alex Junji Shinohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Gland ◽  
Bee Bread ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Gland Development

scholarly journals Expression of the Prophenoloxidase Gene and Phenoloxidase Activity, During the Development of Apis Mellifera Brood Infected with Varroa Destructor

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa A. Zaobidna ◽  
Krystyna Żółtowska ◽  
Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Host Organism ◽  
Phenoloxidase Activity ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Immune Pathway ◽  
Honey Bee Workers

AbstractThe pathogenesis of varroasis has not been fully explained despite intensive research. Earlier studies suggested that parasitic infections caused by Varroa destructor mites were accompanied by immunosuppression in the host organism. The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of varroasis on one of the immune pathway in Apis mellifera measured by the expression of the prophenoloxidase (proPO) gene and the enzymatic activity of this gene’s product, phenoloxidase (EC 1.14.18.1). An evaluation was done of five developmental stages of honey bee workers and drones. The relative expression of proPO decreased in infected individuals. The only exceptions were worker prepupae (PP) and drone pupae with brown eyes and dark brown thorax (P5) where propo gene expression was 1.8-fold and 1.5-fold higher, respectively, than in the control. Phenoloxidase (PO) activity was 2.8-fold higher in infected pp workers and 2-fold higher in p5 drones in comparison with uninfected bees. Phenoloxidase activity was reduced in the remaining developmental stages of infected workers and drones. The relative expression of proPO was positively correlated with the relative PO activity in both workers (r = 0.988) and drones (r = 0.996). The results of the study indicate that V. destructor significantly influences the phenoloxidase-dependent immune pathway in honey bees.

scholarly journals Exosome-derived noncoding RNAs in gastric cancer: functions and clinical applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Huan Tang ◽  
Ting Guo ◽  
Xiang-Yu Gao ◽  
Xiao-Long Wu ◽  
Xiao-Fang Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
The Stability

AbstractExosomes are a subpopulation of the tumour microenvironment (TME) that transmit various biological molecules to promote intercellular communication. Exosomes are derived from nearly all types of cells and exist in all body fluids. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are among the most abundant contents in exosomes, and some ncRNAs with biological functions are specifically packaged into exosomes. Recent studies have revealed that exosome-derived ncRNAs play crucial roles in the tumorigenesis, progression and drug resistance of gastric cancer (GC). In addition, regulating the expression levels of exosomal ncRNAs can promote or suppress GC progression. Moreover, the membrane structures of exosomes protect ncRNAs from degradation by enzymes and other chemical substances, significantly increasing the stability of exosomal ncRNAs. Specific hallmarks within exosomes that can be used for exosome identification, and specific contents can be used to determine their origin. Therefore, exosomal ncRNAs are suitable for use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Regulating the biogenesis of exosomes and the expression levels of exosomal ncRNAs may represent a new way to block or eradicate GC. In this review, we summarized the origins and characteristics of exosomes and analysed the association between exosomal ncRNAs and GC development.

scholarly journals Enhanced Myc Expression in Silkworm Silk Gland Promotes DNA Replication and Silk Production

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Wenliang Qian ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Yuting Wu ◽  
Xuechuan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Silk Gland ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Silk Production ◽  
Myc Gene ◽  
Cell Growth And Proliferation ◽  
Silkworm Silk ◽  
Posterior Silk Gland

Silkworm is an economically important insect that synthetizes silk proteins for silk production in silk gland, and silk gland cells undergo endoreplication during larval period. Transcription factor Myc is essential for cell growth and proliferation. Although silkworm Myc gene has been identified previously, its biological functions in silkworm silk gland are still largely unknown. In this study, we examined whether enhanced Myc expression in silk gland could facilitate cell growth and silk production. Based on a transgenic approach, Myc was driven by the promoter of the fibroin heavy chain (FibH) gene to be successfully overexpressed in posterior silk gland. Enhanced Myc expression in the PSG elevated FibH expression by about 20% compared to the control, and also increased the weight and shell rate of the cocoon shell. Further investigation confirmed that Myc overexpression increased nucleus size and DNA content of the PSG cells by promoting the transcription of the genes involved in DNA replication. Therefore, we conclude that enhanced Myc expression promotes DNA replication and silk protein expression in endoreplicating silk gland cells, which subsequently raises silk yield.

scholarly journals Active components and biological functions of royal jelly

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 104514
Author(s):  
Jianying Guo ◽  
Zixu Wang ◽  
Yaoxing Chen ◽  
Jing Cao ◽  
Wenli Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Active Components

scholarly journals Rearing Drones in Queen Cells of Apis mellifera Honey Bees

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Georgios Goras ◽  
Chrysoula Tananaki ◽  
Sofia Gounari ◽  
Elissavet Lazaridou ◽  
Dimitrios Kanelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Queen Larvae ◽  
As If

Abstract We investigated the rearing of drone larvae grafted in queen cells. From the 1200 drone larvae that were grafted during spring and autumn, 875 were accepted (72.9%) and reared as queens. Drone larvae in false queen cells received royal jelly of the same composition and of the same amounts as queen larvae. Workers capped the queen cells as if they were drones, 9-10 days after the egg laying. Out of 60 accepted false queen cells, 21 (35%) were capped. The shape of false queen cells with drone larvae is unusually long with a characteristically elongate tip which is probably due to the falling of larvae. Bees start the destruction of the cells when the larvae were 3 days old and maximised it before and after capping. Protecting false queen cells in the colony by wrapping, reversing them upside down, or placing in a horizontal position, did not help. The only adult drones that emerged from the false queen cells were those protected in an incubator and in push-in cages. Adult drones from false queen cells had smaller wings, legs, and proboscis than regular drones. The results of this study verify previous reports that the bees do not recognise the different sex of the larvae at least at the early stage of larval development. The late destruction of false queen cells, the similarity in quality and quantity of the produced royal jelly, and the bigger drone cells, allow for the use of drone larvae in cups for the production of royal jelly.

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