Mechanisms of Classification of Visual Objects in Children with Different Styles of Cognitive Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
T. G. Beteleva ◽  
N. E. Petrenko
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Visual Objects

Study of the Characteristic Mental Development Features of Primary School Students with Visçion Impairments

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-513
Author(s):  
Ievgeniia Synova ◽  
◽  
Valentina Tarasun ◽  
Iryna Sasina ◽  
Tetyana Grebeniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Vision Disorders ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Primary Defect

Severe vision impairments are an obstacle to the adequate cognitive and social development of the child. The educational response to priority problems that occur with vision disorders requires appropriate training of vision impairment specialists. For this purpose, they need basic knowledge related to the classification of vision impairments and the main aspects of the development and education of this category of children. This study aimed to analyse the main features of educational activities of children with vision impairments using special diagnostic methods and to search for effective methods for correcting the cognitive activity of children with vision impairments. During the study, an experiment was conducted with children with vision impairments (15 children). To conduct the experiment, the study used methods proposed by V.V. Tarasun and adapted them to the contingent of children with vision impairments. In particular, the following methods: the method of motivational preferences "Three wishes", the method of "Memorising 10 words", and the method of "What, why, how". The depth and time of vision impairment are considered as a primary defect, which has corresponding secondary consequences and requires corrective action under the guidance of an experienced vision impairment specialist.

Information Based Universal Feature Extraction in Shallow Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 1755009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amiri ◽  
Rüdiger Brause
Keyword(s):  
Life Time ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Universal Feature ◽  
Learning Constraints ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
World Image

In many real-world image based pattern recognition tasks, the extraction and usage of task-relevant features are the most crucial part of the diagnosis. In the standard approach, either the features are given by common sense like edges or corners in image analysis, or they are directly determined by expertise. They mostly remain task-specific, although human may learn the life time, and use different features too, although same features do help in recognition. It seems that a universal feature set exists, but it is not yet systematically found. In our contribution, we try to find such a universal image feature set that is valuable for most image related tasks. We trained a shallow neural network for recognition of natural and non-natural object images before different backgrounds, including pure texture and handwritten digits, using a Shannon information-based algorithm and learning constraints. In this context, the goal was to extract those features that give the most valuable information for classification of the visual objects, hand-written digits and texture datasets by a one layer network and then classify them by a second layer. This will give a good start and performance for all other image learning tasks, implementing a transfer learning approach. As result, in our case we found that we could indeed extract unique features which are valid in all three different kinds of tasks. They give classification results that are about as good as the results reported by the corresponding literature for the specialized systems, or even better ones.

scholarly journals Classification of Concentration Levels in Adult-Early Phase using Brainwave Signals by Applying K-Nearest Neighbor

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Ahmad Azhari ◽  
Fathia Irbati Ammatulloh
Keyword(s):  
Early Phase ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Mental Action ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Concentration Levels

The brain controls the center of human life. Through the brain, all activities of living can be done. One of them is cognitive activity. Brain performance is influenced by mental conditions, lifestyle, and age. Cognitive activity is an observation of mental action, so it includes psychological symptoms that involve memory in the brain's memory, information processing, and future planning. In this study, the concentration level was measured at the age of the adult-early phase (18-30 years) because in this phase, the brain thinks more abstractly and mental conditions influence it. The purpose of this study was to see the level of concentration in the adult-early phase with a stimulus in the form of cognitive activity using IQ tests with the type of Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) tests. To find out the IQ test results require a long time, so in this study, a recording was done to get brain waves so that the results of the concentration level can be obtained quickly.EEG data was taken using an Electroencephalogram (EEG) by applying the SPM test as a stimulus. The acquisition takes three times for each respondent, with a total of 10 respondents. The method implemented in this study is a classification with the k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) algorithm. Before using this method, preprocessing is done first by reducing the signal and filtering the beta signal (13-30 Hz).The results of the data taken will be extracted first to get the right features, feature extraction in this study using first-order statistical characteristics that aim to find out the typical information from the signals obtained. The results of this study are the classification of concentration levels in the categories of high, medium, and low. Finally, the results of this study show an accuracy rate of 70%.

scholarly journals Theoretical and methodical aspects of the organization of students’ independent study activities together with the use of ICT and tools

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-59
Author(s):  
Olena O. Lavrentieva ◽  
Lina M. Rybalko ◽  
Oleh O. Tsys ◽  
Aleksandr D. Uchitel
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Training ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Virtual Education ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Insight Into

In the article the possibilities and classification of ICTs and tools that can be used in organizing students’ independent study activities of higher education institutions has been explored. It is determined the students’ independent study activities is individual, group, collective activity and is implemented within the process of education under the condition of no pedagogy’s direct involvement. It complies with the requirements of the curriculum and syllabus and is aimed at students’ acquisition of some social experiences in line with the learning objectives of vocational training. The analysis of the latest information and technological approaches to the organization of students’ independent study activities made it possible to determine the means of realization of the leading forms of organization for this activity (independent and research work, lectures, consultations and non- formal education), to characterize and classify the ICTs and tools that support presentation of teaching materials, electronic communication, mastering of learning material, monitoring of students’ learning and cognitive activity, such as ones that serve for the sake of development and support of automated training courses, systems of remote virtual education with elements of artificial intelligence, which implement the principle of adaptive management of learning and the organization of students’ independent study activities. The paper provides the insight into the essence of the conducted investigation on the assesses of the effectiveness of ICTs and tools in the process of organizing students’ independent study activities.

scholarly journals The problem of implementation of teaching methods in questions-problems of school textbooks on biology

HUMANITARIUM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-160
Author(s):  
Borуs Chernov ◽  
Natalia Dovgan
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Independent Observation ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
First Time

The study for the first time in didactics of biology puts the problem of realization of teaching methods of biology, classification is done by levels of cognitive activity of students in the system of questions and tasks textbooks on biology, as in the structure of the components of methodological textbooks are crucial in learning by students content.It was investigated that the question-tasks are intended to stimulate and direct the cognitive activity of students in the process of assimilating the content of the text of the textbook, thus contributing to the development of their cognitive interests and abilities, as well as the formation of skills and abilities of independent activity with educational material and during independent observation of natural and natural-social phenomena and objects.The classification of task-related questions by the main (dominant) function was presented, which made it possible to distinguish the following three groups (levels) of task questions:- the first level of difficulty - the easiest, performing reproductive function - the consolidation of knowledge, skills and abilities of students. Assist students to recite the studied, pay attention to the characteristic of natural and natural-social phenomena, processes and objects, to work with maps, charts, diagrams, tables, other illustrations of the textbook and contour maps;- the second level of complexity - help to master the methods of logical thinking and knowledge about the experience of creative activity, make it possible to establish interrelations and interdependence of local lore and internal phenomena and processes with the world;- the third level of complexity - help to master the experience of creative activity and form educational and research skills and skills in the process of independent observation and research, especially regional studies.The tracing of the availability of three levels of difficulty in textbooks in the textbooks allows the teacher to organize the training of all students, as well as to promote their self-education. The application of the systematic method of research has allowed to establish a divergence in the development of questions-tasks, the dispersion of numerous false categories, with a numerical predominance of their reproductive nature, which does not contribute to the modern requirements of creative development of students.

scholarly journals Humans can efficiently look for but not select multiple visual objects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Ort ◽  
Johannes J. Fahrenfort ◽  
Tuomas ten Cate ◽  
Martin Eimer ◽  
Christian N.L. Olivers
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Multiple Objects ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Selection Mechanisms ◽  
Electroencephalographic Activity ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe human brain recurrently prioritizes task-relevant over task-irrelevant visual information. A central, question is whether multiple objects can be prioritized simultaneously. To answer this, we let observers search for two colored targets among distractors. Crucially, we independently varied the number of target colors that observers anticipated, and the number of target colors actually used to distinguish the targets in the display. This enabled us to dissociate the preparation of selection mechanisms from the actual engagement of such mechanisms. Multivariate classification of electroencephalographic activity allowed us to track selection of each target separately across time. The results revealed only small neural and behavioral costs associated with preparing for selecting two objects, but substantial costs when engaging in selection. Further analyses suggest this cost is the consequence of neural competition resulting in limited parallel processing, rather than a serial bottleneck. The findings bridge diverging theoretical perspectives on capacity limitations of feature-based attention.

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