Theoretical and methodological principles of psychosynthesis application in dealing with eating disorders

The article analyzes the basic principles, stages and objectives of psychosynthesis in the provision of medical and psychological care to patients with eating disorders (ED). It is noted that a patients' compliance with dietary recommendations is often impossible due to the low level of their self-awareness, reflection, volitional self-regulation and trauma of the individual, which is experienced as an unconscious psychological problem that requires urgent solution. Nutritionists are invited to provide professional assistance based on psychosynthesis in cooperation with a psychologist in order to optimize a holistic approach to the treatment of ED through the psychological support of the patient (client) directly during medical counseling. The basic methodology of psychosynthesis is presented through a theoretical analysis of the principles of polypsychism and self-determination, which are explained through the R. Assagioli`s idea of the psyche, the concept of unifying centers and the theory of subpersonalities. It has been suggested that food and eating behavior replace the subject's self-consciousness (“I”) and become unifying centers around which the whole personality is neurotized. It leads to the displacement of not only traumatic experience that caused the disorder itself, but also the unmet personal need satisfaction of which is often ignored in modern treatment practice. The authors developed the stages and tasks of psychosynthesis as its special methodology for working with ED and began to test it in the form of an individual care program in medical and psychological practice. Particular attention in highlighting the preliminary results of the implementation of their developments is paid to the development of patients' ability to perform a voluntary act, which permeates all stages of treatment by psychosynthesis and is aimed not only at the change of eating behavior but also at self-actualization of a personality. The article briefly presents a partial methodology of psychosynthesis, which includes techniques of disidentification, image transformation and construction of an ideal model.

Features of collective creativity and definition of creative potential in modern organizations

The article provides a theoretical analysis of the problem of management of collective creativity in organizations. The relevance of identifying creative employees in companies and encouraging the manifestation of creative decisions among all staff, the importance of developing the creativity of the individuals and the group as a whole are substantiated. Studies that prove that creativity plays an critical role in the management of the organization and the company's competitiveness in the labor market are analyzed. The key concepts that underlie collective creativity are considered: creative decisions, creative abilities, innovative activity, favorable climate of the organization, etc. The specifics of creativity in connection with managerial and psychological aspects are revealed. There are two main categories of creativity research at the organizational level: the characteristics of members of the organization and the characteristics of the organization that promote and develop the creative abilities of employees. The characteristics of support for collective creativity in the organization are highlighted: strategy (strategies with an emphasis on innovation indicate the need for creativity and innovation in organizations), organizational culture (organizational culture that affects how employees value creativity, as a challenge to different subcultures to interact with each other to gain shared experience), methods (as the need for formal and informal methods to encourage interactions, methods that are developed in relevance to the specific needs and context of the organization), leadership (as support for creativity, where leaders could set goals for creativity and encourage employees to use the full potential of individual employees and collective creativity).

Formation of academic integrity as a component of professional competence of future professionals

The article analyzes the problem of the formation of modern academic integrity as the basis of the professional competence of future professionals. The modern academic paradigm of integrity and its main characteristics are formulated in general features. The values of academic integrity, which are fundamental to science and education, are characterized: honesty, trust, justice, respect, responsibility, and courage. The level of students' understanding of the problem of academic integrity was studied. The awareness about the concept of "academic integrity", about Article 42 of the Law of Ukraine "On education", about sources of information on the concept, and the need of respondents to deepen knowledge of academic integrity by students of different years of study is examined. Types of violations of academic integrity and peculiarities of their distribution by years of study are discovered. The reasons for the manifestation of write-offs as a type of dishonest practice in learning are characterized (uncertainty in knowledge; search for easy ways and reluctance to study; laziness; lack of time; insufficient knowledge acquisition in the educational process; large information load during training). The consequences of violations of academic integrity in educational activities, which students predict, are highlighted: expulsions from the university; low level of qualifications of specialists; reducing the quality of knowledge and education in general; re-passing an assessment or training course; lack of desire to learn and gain knowledge. Ways to solve the problem of academic dishonesty that students distinguish are identified: dissemination information on academic integrity and its implications; preventive talks with students, strengthening motivation to obtain high-quality knowledge; attraction to academic responsibility; fair treatment tp students; strengthening students' self-esteem.

The problem of student youth economic socialization: gender perspective

The article deals with the topical issue of personal and professional presentation of young women and men as subjects of their economic socialization. The analysis of the empirical research results of social and psychological determinants of young women and men economic self-presentation, as well as the results of a gender audit is done. A conceptual model of economic behavior of young people in the context of patriarchal / traditional and egalitarian / democratic coordinates is presented. The ambivalence of professional self-realization of young people, in particular, the orientation of girls to economic self-affirmation in the microeconomic environment, and boys - in the macro-society, as well as the commitment of both sexes to traditional gender stereotypes is revealed. The low level of material demands of women, including professional ones, is motivated by the socialized attitude to the financial supremacy of men. In psychological portraits of young men and women who present their professional potential, and hence the economic future, more similarities than differences are observed. Young women show a higher level of subjective general and personal locus of control in professional activities and psychological efforts to defend their beliefs. The social roles of men and women are still largely mediated by gender stereotypes, which guide the differentiation of their economic self-expression, predetermining the life scenarios declared by the student youth and vision of material commitments. However, the realities of the economic functioning of the genders have shaped the greater personal potential of women in the development of the traditionally masculine economic space, the trigger mechanism for which will dominate the patriarchal egalitarian ideas of personal professional self-presentation. A number of socio-psychological differences between the genders as a consequence of differentiation of their gender socialization should be taken into account in the process of education of economic culture and psychocorrection of professional skills, namely: young women do not concede to men in social, varieties of communicative competence and assertiveness in achieving professional goals. The development of a market economy aims to increase the inclusion of young people, especially women, in professional entrepreneurship, using the potential of positive psychology. Conducting gender audit as a practical tool in the implementation of quality monitoring of gender sensitivity-insensitivity of economic socialization allows to develop and implement innovative, egalitarian and educational technologies in higher education.

Strategies of providing psychological help to clients in crisis situations

This artіcle provides theoretical analysis of crіsіs of personalіty. It deals with analysіs of understandіng of the concept of crisis іn psychological scіеnce. Taking into account the situation, connected with economic and environmental issues, political crisis and wars, which appeared in the world, researching the topic of crisis and crisis interventions are necessary and important. Сrisis as a factor in the formation of personality and position in life how to overcome it, includіng different methods and ways of experiencing. Modern scientific works of local and foreign psychologists have been observed and the main ideas are presented in the chapters of this article. There was reviewed existing psychological literature in modеrn interprеtation for making dеfinition of the tеrm crisis. The articlе gives theoretical research concеpt of crisis in general. Information about various factors and reasons for appearing crisis in mature age presented in this article as well. Crisis is considеred as the boundary situation. The crisis of identity is sеen as a turning point in human lifе path. Substantiates the viеw that it may providе great contribution to the formation of new systеm of personal values, life views, rеlations to diffеrent sides of his/her life, sociеty and culture which basеd on their own conscious choicе and decisions, attitude towards themselves and thеir lifе in gеnеral. Personal’s viеw of own life may be due to social, еconomic conditions, life circumstancеs and peculiaritiеs of timе in which he/she livеs. Many adults fеels that it is difficult for thеm to disposе of their own lifе. In situation of psychological crisis an adult is worriеd and confusеd about whether he/she rеally undеrstands and realizes the true purpose of his/her еxisting. Ovеrcoming personal limits and critical situations the individual changеs.

Psychological and socio-cultural adaptation of adolescents in a foreign cultural environment

The article considers the problem of success in psychological and sociocultural adaptation of adolescents in a foreign cultural environment. The differences in the process of adaptation in cultural and foreign cultural environment are defined. The influence of a foreign cultural environment on the development and formation of the adolescent's personality is revealed. The adaptation is a two-way process, as the immigrants try to integrate into the new environment and the locals try to accept them into their environment, although very often they oppose this process. That is why a special attention in the adaptation process of migrants should be paid to children: on the one hand, children with the different cultural traditions, values, stereotypes, and different social strata are present in one educational space, which sometimes prevents the establishment of optimal relationships among students. On the other hand, it is during childhood and adolescence that the higher values of a person are known and interiorized, which has an impact on the life concepts, formation of attitudes towards himself and others, development of various social roles and requirements and development of behavior patterns. It was found that in the effective process of adolescents’ adaptation in a foreign cultural environment an important place is occupied by the concept of integrative assertive behavior. The analysis of the factors and barriers of adolescents’ social adaptation is also presented; and modern concepts of social adaptation and integration of adolescents in a foreign cultural environment are analyzed. The essence of a socio-cultural adaptation is characterized. The adaptation conditions of ethnic migrants are analyzed. The reasons for the insufficiently successful adaptation and integration of ethnic migrants and their children are highlighted. The concepts of "migrants", "children of migrants" are defined, the correspondence and discrepancy between the conditions necessary for successful adaptation and integration, and the issues, which teenagers face in reality, are revealed.

Experimental study of the influence of family structure on the development of creativity of children of preschool age

The article presents theoretical substantiation and empirical research of the problem of the influence of the family structure on the development of creativity of children of preschool age. The relationship between creativity and family type, number of children in the family, birth order, and intervals between births is analyzed. Peculiarities of influence of family structure (by the number of children) for the development of creativity of children of preschool age are researched. The absence of significant differences in partial (productivity, flexibility, originality) and a general indicator of verbal creativity of children with one child, small and large families has been experimentally established. Research of figurative creativity allowed to identify significant differences in partial indicators of productivity and originality, and the general indicator of figurative creativity: the highest arithmetic mean values are determined in the group of children from small families, and the lowest - in the group of children from large families. In children brought up in single children families, the highest arithmetic mean value is revealed by the partial indicator of the name, and the lowest - in children from large families. In children of preschool age from single, small, and large families no significant differences by partial indicators of the development and resistance to the closure were found. The heterogeneity of verbal and figurative creativity structure is determined in children of preschool age in all types of families. Significant differences were found in the general indicators of creativity: the highest arithmetic mean value was determined in the group of children from small families, and the lowest - in children from large families. Conclusions are made that children from small families are the most creative, and children from large families - the least.

Psychological and pedagogical support of personality: a view in the context of the integrated approach

The article considers the issue of psychological and pedagogical support applying practical, competent, complex, integrated approaches. The essence of meaningful conceptual definition of «psychological and pedagogical child support» has been outlined based on analysis: reforming education focusing on the practical approach to the organization of the educational process; the devotion to the educational result – the acquisition of life competence – through the prism of the competent approach; the quality maintenance to the educational activities in modern «New Ukrainian School», the introduction of inclusive education, the continuation of military conflict and others, which influence educational institutions by means of integrated approach; updating the content of education according the integration of educational sectors and personal experience within the integrated approach. The submitted problems on the child personality development in the modern educational environment and the psychological and pedagogical support require a single, holistic view of their solving for the development of the integral competence, which means forming such a qualification level that expresses the main competence characteristics, contributes to a harmonious full life in society and successful self-realization. Theoretical substantiation of the integral approach to psychological and pedagogical support of the child's personality in the educational environment has been carried out under the conditions of educational reformation. The peculiarities of the psychological and pedagogical supervision have been represented considering the integral approach, which includes both the unity and the integrity in relation with interaction, approaches and performing technologies.

Social and psychological dimensions of gender deprivation in the field of marriage and family

The article deals with the factors of the family environment that have a depriving effect on the participants of gender relations in the systems "husband-wife", "parents-children" and hinder the development of parity relations in private life. Gender relations in the field of marriage and family are considered as real practices and models of intersex interaction, behavior, values and social norms that determine the organization of family life and the culture of family relations. The definition of "gender deprivation in marriage and family" as deprivation faced by women and men in the performance of marital and parental roles due to gender perceptions, stereotypes and attitudes present in the mind, and gender prejudices reflected in the behavior of individuals of marital and parent-child interaction, which generate gender differentiation, stratification, gender imbalance in the distribution of household responsibilities, household, educational, guardianship, recreational and other family roles in the field of unpaid domestic work. The aggravation of contradictions between partners in focusing on the egalitarian or patriarchal type of building family relationships and the tendency to dysfunctional development of the modern family, which manifests itself in overburdening women with family responsibilities, inflexibility of family norms, inconsistency of role behavior, ignoring the needs and feelings of family members, conflict interaction, domestic violence, blurred family life plans have been emphasized. The conditions for overcoming gender deprivation in the field of marriage and family are identified: the gender- oriented state family policy as a tool for strengthening and developing the social institution of the family, ensuring the comprehensive development of the family and its members, preventing and resisting domestic violence; the approval in the society the value of parity marital relations, equal distribution of domestic responsibilities, mutually responsible fatherhood / motherhood; educational activities to strengthen the egalitarian and weaken the patriarchal foundations of the modern Ukrainian family, the formation of zero tolerance of society to domestic violence; increasing the gender sensitivity of the population, expanding the rights and providing opportunities for a wife and a husband for personal and professional development; activation of personal resources of women and men to choose the optimal strategies of self-realization in the field of marital and family relations and other spheres of public life.

To the problem of formation of sence-of-life orientations of mature personality

The article is devoted to the research of the problem of formation of sence-of-life orientations of a mature personality: the theoretical analysis of the concept of personal maturity, the essence of sence-of-life orientations in the life of an adult personality is presented; the relevance and motivation of research in the direction of humanistic-existential paradigm are substantiated; processes of understanding the life experience of the individual, his role in the formation of a mature personality, the activation of its internal resource are emphasized. An empirical study and analysis of its results on the formation of sence-of-life orientations of the individual in adulthood are presented; the principles of psychological influences in the process of psychological support are presented: social determinism, freedom of choice, personal congruence, responsibility, individual approach, empathy, invaluable attitude to the client. In the course of the research hypotheses were put: the deepening crisis of the existence of a mature personality is mediated by personal experience of living out difficult life situations and overcoming them. The main purpose of crisis counseling as a special help of the individual, is to promote an in-depth understanding that only person is able to make choices, to take responsibility for their life. In the course of research and implementation of psychological influence, the methodological principles of humanistic and existential orientation, which determined professional interaction, were reflected. The essence of psychological care, which we see in the integration of the experience of psychotherapeutic meetings in the real life of the client, is determined. In the perspective of research, the formation of a stable resistance of the individual to stress, adaptation to the situation of frustration and, in particular, the search for new meanings of existence, improving the quality of life.