Lack of Insight and Concomitant Neuro- psychological Deficits in Schizophrenia

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Sartory ◽  
Anja Thom ◽  
Judith Griese ◽  
Donald Young ◽  
Mario Butorac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Uk

Abstract: Lack of insight is a core pathological feature of schizophrenia. It has been assumed to be part of the dysregulation of executive dysfunction evident in this disorder. Lack of insight has also been found to be associated with amnestic disorders. As schizophrenia is additionally characterized by memory deficits, we investigated which of the two cognitive impairments - executive dysfunction or memory deficits - accounted better for lack of insight in this disorder. Eighty-one chronic schizophrenic patients and 38 healthy control probands took part in the study. The patients were recruited in Canada, the UK, Germany and Croatia. Patients were assessed with regard to clinical symptoms and the awareness of mental illness; both groups were administered neuropsychological tests of verbal memory, verbal learning, and executive function. Schizophrenic patients performed less well than healthy controls in all areas of cognitive function. Multiple regression analyses revealed that lack of awareness of schizophrenic disorder is best accounted for by poor verbal memory and disorganization.

Inefficient Attentional Control Explains Verbal-Memory Deficits Among Military Veterans With Posttraumatic Reexperiencing Symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262110250
Author(s):  
Craig A. Marquardt ◽  
Victor J. Pokorny ◽  
Seth G. Disner ◽  
Nathaniel W. Nelson ◽  
Kathryn A. McGuire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Military Veterans ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Word Memory

Among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), verbal learning and memory are areas of weakness compared with other cognitive domains (e.g., visuospatial memory). In this study, previously deployed military veterans completed clinical assessments of word memory and vocabulary ( n = 243) and a laboratory task measuring encoding, free recall, repetition priming, and recognition of words ( n = 147). Impaired verbal memory was selectively related to reexperiencing symptoms of PTSD but was not associated with other symptom groupings or blast-induced traumatic brain injury. Implicit priming of response times following word repetition was also unrelated to clinical symptoms. Instead, slowed response times during encoding explained associations between reexperiencing and memory performance. These findings are consistent with alterations in attentional control explaining PTSD-related verbal-memory deficits. Such findings have implications for understanding trauma-focused psychotherapy and recovery, which may depend on efficient attentional processing of words to alter posttraumatic reexperiencing symptoms.

Identification of Subtle Verbal Memory Deficits in Premanifest Huntington Disease Using the California Verbal Learning Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Holden ◽  
Savanna M. Tierney ◽  
Lisa V. Graves ◽  
Ilex Beltran-Najera ◽  
Steven Paul Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Huntington Disease ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
California Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Learning Test

scholarly journals The effect of white matter hyperintensities on verbal memory

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. e673-e682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Swardfager ◽  
Hugo Cogo-Moreira ◽  
Mario Masellis ◽  
Joel Ramirez ◽  
Nathan Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Verbal Recall ◽  
Lobe Atrophy ◽  
Proof Of Principle

ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) presumed to indicate disease of the cerebral small vessels, temporal lobe atrophy, and verbal memory deficits in Alzheimer disease (AD) and other dementias.MethodsWe recruited groups of participants with and without AD, including strata with extensive WMH and minimal WMH, into a cross-sectional proof-of-principle study (n = 118). A consecutive case series from a memory clinic was used as an independent validation sample (n = 702; Sunnybrook Dementia Study; NCT01800214). We assessed WMH volume and left temporal lobe atrophy (measured as the brain parenchymal fraction) using structural MRI and verbal memory using the California Verbal Learning Test. Using path modeling with an inferential bootstrapping procedure, we tested an indirect effect of WMH on verbal recall that depends sequentially on temporal lobe atrophy and verbal learning.ResultsIn both samples, WMH predicted poorer verbal recall, specifically due to temporal lobe atrophy and poorer verbal learning (proof-of-principle −1.53, 95% bootstrap confidence interval [CI] −2.45 to −0.88; and confirmation −0.66, 95% CI [−0.95 to −0.41] words). This pathway was significant in subgroups with (−0.20, 95% CI [−0.38 to −0.07] words, n = 363) and without (−0.71, 95% CI [−1.12 to −0.37] words, n = 339) AD. Via the identical pathway, WMH contributed to deficits in recognition memory (−1.82%, 95% CI [−2.64% to −1.11%]), a sensitive and specific sign of AD.ConclusionsAcross dementia syndromes, WMH contribute indirectly to verbal memory deficits considered pathognomonic of Alzheimer disease, specifically by contributing to temporal lobe atrophy.

Neuropsychological Deficits and Concomitant Clinical Symptoms in Schizophrenia

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard W. Müller ◽  
Gudrun Sartory ◽  
Stefan Bender
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Neuropsychological Deficits ◽  
Word Fluency ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Healthy Control

The most frequently reported neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia are those of attention, executive function, and verbal memory. Whereas the former appear to be related to negative symptoms of schizophrenia, there is little agreement about which clinical symptoms are related to the verbal memory deficit. The aim of the present study was to delineate further the pattern of neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia—especially those of verbal memory—and their relationship to clinical symptoms. One hundred patients with chronic schizophrenia and 62 healthy control subjects took part in the study. Assessments of patients took place within the first 3 weeks after admission to hospital. Nine neuropsychological tests, mainly measuring executive and memory function and attention, were administered to all subjects, and clinical symptoms, such as psychotic and negative symptoms and conceptual disorganization, were assessed in patients by means of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Patients showed widespread cognitive deficits with verbal memory impairment best discriminating patients and controls. Conceptual disorganization was partly accounted for by poor verbal memory and a low IQ estimate, and negative symptoms by deficient word fluency; positive symptoms were not significantly related to cognitive deficits. The results indicate that there is a specific relationship between neuropsychological deficits and the more chronic of the clinical symptoms.

scholarly journals M123. EPISODIC VERBAL MEMORY DEFICIT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: A MARKER OF PROGRESSION OF DISEASE OR DIFFERENT NEURODEVELOPMENTAL PATHWAYS FROM THE ONSET?

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S182-S182
Author(s):  
Ramiro Reckziegel ◽  
Dayane dos Santos Martins ◽  
Sarah Correa de Sales ◽  
Letícia Stephane de Jesus ◽  
Marieli Philippsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Immediate Recall

Abstract Background Episodic verbal memory primarily indicates acquisition or registration of memory for verbally presented information, being one of the main neuropsychological impaired functions in individuals with schizophrenia. Furthermore, it appears to be more susceptible than other memory systems to early neuronal dysfunction, supporting hypotheses about a neuroprogressive course of schizophrenia (SZ). On the other hand, it is unclear if such memory dysfunction in schizophrenia could not only be associated with illness progression, but also with neurodevelopment markers such as premorbid crystallized intellectual functioning (IQ). Therefore, we aimed to better understand the relationship between years of illness (YOI), IQ and episodic verbal memory in individuals with SZ. Methods We included 218 individuals with confirmed diagnosis of SZ from 3 separate centers (Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, and Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain). All participants were informed about study procedures and signed consent before assessment. Participants underwent cognitive assessment with Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) for episodic memory and Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence for estimated crystallized premorbid IQ. We conducted a mediational analysis to estimate the effect sizes of years of illness in predicting memory deficits considering the indirect effect of IQ as a mediator, as well as age and sex as covariates. Results There was a significant indirect effect of years of illness on HVLT immediate recall through IQ, ab=-.119 CI 95% [-.248, -.013]. The mediator could account for more than a third of the total effect, PM=.39. The direct effect of years of illness on immediate recall was only a trend (c: -.09, p= .068), while the total effect counting IQ was significant (c’=-.15, p=.007). Discussion The effect sizes of IQ were greater than the direct effect of years of illness on memory deficits in our sample. This finding implicates that neurodevelopment markers such as IQ may be as important as disease progression itself in predicting cognitive outcomes in SZ. While patients with lower premorbid IQ appears to be more prone to memory deficits, those with better early intellectual development appears to count on a protective effect. Neuroprogression in schizophrenia would be an addition of neurodevelopment and disease progression. These results help to give new lights on the heterogeneity in the course of schizophrenia, different trajectories and the need of more personalized approach. Further prospective studies are mandatory.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological and neuroanatomical features of patients with behavioral variant Alzheimer's disease (AD): a comparison to behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and amnestic AD groups

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Dominguez Perez ◽  
Jeffrey S Phillips ◽  
Catherine Norise ◽  
Nikolas G Kinney ◽  
Prerana Vaddi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
Learning Test

An understudied non-amnestic variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD), behavioral variant AD (bvAD) is associated with progressive personality, behavior, or executive dysfunction and frontal atrophy. This study characterizes the neuropsychological and neuroanatomical features associated with bvAD by comparing it to behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), amnestic AD (aAD), and subjects with normal cognition. Subjects included 16 bvAD, 67 bvFTD, and 18 aAD patients, and 26 healthy controls. Compared to bvFTD, bvAD showed more significant visuospatial impairments (Rey Figure copy and recall), more irritability (Neuropsychological Inventory), and equivalent verbal memory (Philadelphia Verbal Learning Test). Compared to aAD, bvAD indicated more executive dysfunction (F-letter fluency) and better visuospatial performance. Neuroimaging analysis found that bvAD showed cortical thinning relative to bvFTD posteriorly in left temporal-occipital regions; bvFTD had cortical thinning relative to bvAD in left inferior frontal cortex. bvAD had cortical thinning relative to aAD in prefrontal and anterior temporal regions. All patient groups had lower volumes than controls in both anterior and posterior hippocampus. However, bvAD patients had higher average volume than aAD patients in posterior hippocampus and higher volume than bvFTD patients in anterior hippocampus after adjustment for age and intracranial volume. Findings demonstrated that underlying pathology mediates disease presentation in bvAD and bvFTD.

scholarly journals The use of the Free Recall Method in the Analysis of Verbal Memory Deficits in Dual Diagnosis Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
K. Krysta ◽  
A. Klasik ◽  
M. Janas-Kozik ◽  
J. Przybylo ◽  
I. Krupka-Matuszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recall Method ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

In schizophrenia there are specific cognitive deficits including verbal memory deficits. The objective of this study was to examine short-term verbal memory differences between subjects with and without a dual diagnosis.A group of 80 patients with a diagnose of schizophrenia were examined. 40 of them never used illicit drugs, the other 40 also received a diagnose of addiction to psychoactive substances. The Free Recall Method was used to compare two examined groups. The results of addicted and not addicted schizophrenic patients were analyzed in all trials of the 5 stages of the examination with the use of Free Recall Method. Persons suffering from schizophrenia can usually repeat much fewer words in all five stages of the examination with Free Recall Method. This deficiency of short-term memory in this group of subjects is present from the very beginning of information coding.As it was expected a deficiency in short-term verbal memory was found in all examined patients. However when comparing both groups no statistical differences concerning verbal memory deficits were found between the group of patients suffering from schizophrenia addicted and not addicted to psychoactive substances.The fact that no significant differences concerning short-term verbal memory between two examined groups were found, which is consistent with some of the studies found in the literature, may be a good predictor for this group in terms of their possible chances of successful rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Memory Deficits in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder-Changes over the Course of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minal Kakra
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour

A large body of studies demonstrates memory dysfunction in patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Few trials have only equivocally investigated whether this cognitive dysfunction can be improved by treatment. This study aimed to examine the effect of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy (CBT) on symptom severity and on verbal and non-verbal memory deficits in patients with OCD as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy. Thirty-five OCD patients were compared with thirty-two controls, matched on age, education and diagnosis, on Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) measuring severity of OCD and Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) and Complex Figure Test (CFT) assessing the verbal and non-verbal memory respectively at the pre-, middle- and post-treatment assessment.OCD patients showed significantly reduced symptoms after completion of their CBT sessions and their memory dysfunctions also ameliorated in the course of treatment. This study indicates that CBT is an effective treatment with those patients who exhibited significant memory deficits and who were severely affected at the beginning of treatment.

scholarly journals NCOG-68. COMPARING COGNITIVE PROFILES OF PERSONS WITH BRAIN AND NON-BRAIN METASTATIC CANCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii144-ii144
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Willhelm ◽  
Victor Del Bene ◽  
Stephen Aita ◽  
Meredith Gammon ◽  
Adam Gerstenecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Elevated Rate

Abstract OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairment in primary cancer and brain metastatic (BM) cancer has been well-documented. However, to date, there are no neuropsychological studies comparing the cognitive profiles of people with BM and non-brain metastatic cancer (NBM). The present study addressed this gap in the literature by comparing the cognitive profiles of participants with BM and NBM. METHOD The study sample consisted of 61 BM, 40 NBM, and 37 healthy control (HC) participants. All participants completed the same neuropsychological battery, including tests of processing speed, attention, working memory, expressive language, auditory-verbal memory, and executive functioning. RESULTS Both clinical groups showed reduced processing speed, verbal learning/memory, and executive functions. BM participants performed below HC participants across all neuropsychological tests, while NBM participants performed below control participants on tests of processing speed and executive functioning. The clinical groups differed in semantic verbal fluency (NBM > BM). Fifty-seven percent of BM participants had ≥ 3 impaired scores (i.e., ≤ 5th percentile), and 25% of NBM participants had the same level of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION Over half of BM participants were cognitively impaired on at least three neuropsychological tests, and 25% of NBM participants also demonstrated this same level of cognitive impairment. In the BM group, the elevated rate of cognitive dysfunction is likely due to the greater neurologic disease burden posed by brain metastases, while in the NBM group, the cognitive deficits are possibly due to systemic illness and treatment effects.

The use of the Free Recall Method in the Analysis of Verbal Memory Deficits in Dual Diagnosis Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
K. Krysta ◽  
A. Klasik ◽  
M. Janas-Kozik ◽  
J. Przybylo ◽  
I. Krupka-Matuszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recall Method ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

In schizophrenia there are specific cognitive deficits including verbal memory deficits. The objective of this study was to examine short-term verbal memory differences between subjects with and without a dual diagnosis.A group of 80 patients with a diagnose of schizophrenia were examined. 40 of them never used illicit drugs, the other 40 also received a diagnose of addiction to psychoactive substances. The Free Recall Method was used to compare two examined groups. The results of addicted and not addicted schizophrenic patients were analyzed in all trials of the 5 stages of the examination with the use of Free Recall Method. Persons suffering from schizophrenia can usually repeat much fewer words in all five stages of the examination with Free Recall Method. This deficiency of short-term memory in this group of subjects is present from the very beginning of information coding.As it was expected a deficiency in short-term verbal memory was found in all examined patients. However when comparing both groups no statistical differences concerning verbal memory deficits were found between the group of patients suffering from schizophrenia addicted and not addicted to psychoactive substances.The fact that no significant differences concerning short-term verbal memory between two examined groups were found, which is consistent with some of the studies found in the literature, may be a good predictor for this group in terms of their possible chances of successful rehabilitation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document