Oxidative Stress in Response to Forearm Ischemia-reperfusion with and without Carnitine Administration

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Bloomer ◽  
Webb A. Smith ◽  
Kelsey H. Fisher-Wellman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Time Interaction

We have recently noted a decrease in lipid peroxidation with oral intake of glycine propionyl-L-carnitine (GPLC). However, these findings were observed at rest, and in previously sedentary subjects. Methods: We determined the effect of GPLC on oxidative stress biomarkers at rest and in response to reactive hyperemia in exercise-trained men. Using a double-blind, crossover design, 15 healthy men were assigned to a placebo and GPLC (4.5 g/day) in random order, for four weeks, with a two-week washout between assignments. Blood samples were collected at rest and at 0, 3, and 10 minutes following a protocol of ischemia-reperfusion, and analyzed for lactate, malondialdehyde (MDA), F2-isoprostanes (F2-iso), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), xanthine oxidase activity (XO), hypoxanthine (HYPO), total (TGSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, and Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). Results: No condition or condition by time interaction effects were noted (p>0.05). Time effects were noted for lactate (p<0.0001), MDA (p=0.02), H2O2 (p=0.0003), XO (p=0.03), HYPO (p<0.0001), TGSH (p=0.02), and GSSG (p<0.0001), with peak values noted at 0 minutes post for lactate, MDA, TGSH, and GSSG, at 3 minutes post for H2O2 and XO, and at 10 minutes post for HYPO. F2-iso and TEAC were unaffected by treatment or protocol (p>0.05). Conclusion: Short-term ischemia-reperfusion in trained men results in a modest and transient increase in selected blood oxidative stress biomarkers. Oral GPLC supplementation does not attenuate the increase in these biomarkers.

Lack of Effect of a High-Calorie Dextrose or Maltodextrin Meal on Postprandial Oxidative Stress in Healthy Young Men

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey H. Fisher-Wellman ◽  
Richard J. Bloomer
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
Species Production ◽  
High Calorie

Background:Carbohydrate powder in the form of maltodextrin is widely used by athletes for postexercise glycogen resynthesis. There is some concern that such a practice may be associated with a postprandial rise in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production and subsequent oxidation of macromolecules. This is largely supported by findings of increased oxidative-stress biomarkers and associated endothelial dysfunction after intake of dextrose.Purpose:To compare the effects of isocaloric dextrose and maltodextrin meals on blood glucose, triglycerides (TAG), and oxidative-stress biomarkers in a sample of young healthy men.Methods:10 men consumed isocaloric dextrose and maltodextrin powder drinks (2.25 g/kg) in a random-order, crossover design. Blood samples were collected premeal (fasting) and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 hr postmeal and assayed for glucose, TAG, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, nitrate/nitrite, and Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity.Results:Significant meal effects were noted for glucose total area under the curve (p = .004), with values higher for the dextrose meal. No other statistically significant meal effects were noted (p > .05). With respect to the 2 (meal) × 5 (time) ANOVA, no significant interaction, time, or meal effects were noted for any variable (p > .05), with the exception of glucose, for which a main effect for both meal (p < .0001) and time (p = .0002) was noted.Conclusions:These data indicate that carbohydrate meals, consumed as either dextrose or maltodextrin, pose little postprandial oxidative insult to young, healthy men. As such, there should be minimal concern over such feedings, even at high dosages, assuming adequate glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Effect of sodium (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate in male, and succinic acid in female Wistar rats against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, suggesting a role of the HIF-1 pathway

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9438
Author(s):  
Eduardo Cienfuegos-Pecina ◽  
Tannya R. Ibarra-Rivera ◽  
Alma L. Saucedo ◽  
Luis A. Ramírez-Martínez ◽  
Deanna Esquivel-Figueroa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

Background Ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is the main cause of delayed graft function in solid organ transplantation. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) control the expression of genes related to preconditioning against IR injury. During normoxia, HIF-α subunits are marked for degradation by the egg-laying defective nine homolog (EGLN) family of prolyl-4-hydroxylases. The inhibition of EGLN stabilizes HIFs and protects against IR injury. The aim of this study was to determine whether the EGLN inhibitors sodium (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate [(S)-2HG] and succinic acid (SA) have a nephroprotective effect against renal IR injury in Wistar rats. Methods (S)-2HG was synthesized in a 22.96% yield from commercially available L-glutamic acid in a two-step methodology (diazotization/alkaline hydrolysis), and its structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and polarimetry. SA was acquired commercially. (S)-2HG and SA were independently evaluated in male and female Wistar rats respectively after renal IR injury. Rats were divided into the following groups: sham (SH), nontoxicity [(S)-2HG: 12.5 or 25 mg/kg; SA: 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg], IR, and compound+IR [(S)-2HG: 12.5 or 25 mg/kg; SA: 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg]; independent SH and IR groups were used for each assessed compound. Markers of kidney injury (BUN, creatinine, glucose, and uric acid) and liver function (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, serum proteins, and albumin), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase), and histological parameters (tubular necrosis, acidophilic casts, and vascular congestion) were assessed. Tissue HIF-1α was measured by ELISA and Western blot, and the expression of Hmox1 was assessed by RT-qPCR. Results (S)-2HG had a dose-dependent nephroprotective effect, as evidenced by a significant reduction in the changes in the BUN, creatinine, ALP, AST, and LDH levels compared with the IR group. Tissue HIF-1α was only increased in the IR group compared to SH; however, (S)-2HG caused a significant increase in the expression of Hmox1, suggesting an early accumulation of HIF-1α in the (S)-2HG-treated groups. There were no significant effects on the other biomarkers. SA did not show a nephroprotective effect; the only changes were a decrease in creatinine level at 12.5 mg/kg and increased IR injury at 50 mg/kg. There were no effects on the other biochemical, proinflammatory, or oxidative stress biomarkers. Conclusion None of the compounds were hepatotoxic at the tested doses. (S)-2HG showed a dose-dependent nephroprotective effect at the evaluated doses, which involved an increase in the expression of Hmox1, suggesting stabilization of HIF-1α. SA did not show a nephroprotective effect but tended to increase IR injury when given at high doses.

Effects of cranberry beverage on oxidative stress and gut microbiota in subjects with Helicobacter pylori infection: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Gao ◽  
Meiling Hou ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Xin Pan ◽  
Chengxia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in gastric diseases. H. pylori disturbs gut microbiota. The objective is to investigate the effects of cranberry beverages on oxidative stress biomarkers...

Effects of proanthocyanidin on oxidative stress biomarkers and adipokines in army cadets: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 893-900
Author(s):  
Mariana C. Gonçalves ◽  
Magna C. F. Passos ◽  
Cyntia F. de Oliveira ◽  
Julio B. Daleprane ◽  
Josely C. Koury
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Stress Biomarkers

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Peripheral Endothelial Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Monocentric Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3855
Author(s):  
Stefania Bassu ◽  
Angelo Zinellu ◽  
Salvatore Sotgia ◽  
Arduino Aleksander Mangoni ◽  
Alberto Floris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Atherosclerotic Burden ◽  
The Relationship

Previous studies have suggested that oxidative stress may heighten atherosclerotic burden in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but direct evidence is lacking. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between established plasma oxidative stress biomarkers and peripheral endothelial dysfunction (ED), a marker of early atherosclerosis, in RA. Methods: Paroxonase-1 (PON-1), protein-SH (PSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in 164 RA patient s and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls without previous cardiovascular events. Peripheral ED, evaluated by flow-mediated pulse amplitude tonometry, was defined by log-transformed reactive hyperemia index (Ln-RHI) values < 0.51. Results: PON-1 activity and PSH concentrations were significantly reduced in RA patients compared to controls. In regression analysis, increased plasma MDA levels were significantly associated with reduced Ln-RHI [B coefficient (95% CI) = −0.003 (−0.005 to −0.0008), p = 0.008] and the presence of peripheral ED (OR (95% CI) = 1.75 (1.06–2.88), p = 0.028). Contrary to our expectations, increased PON-1 activity was significantly associated, albeit weakly, with the presence of ED (OR (95% CI) = 1.00 (1.00–1.01), p = 0.017). Conclusions: In this first evidence of a link between oxidative stress and markers of atherosclerosis, MDA and PON-1 showed opposite associations with peripheral vasodilatory capacity and the presence of ED in RA. Further studies are needed to determine whether this association predicts atherosclerotic events in the RA population.

scholarly journals Antioxidative Efficacy of a Pistacia Lentiscus Supplement and Its Effect on the Plasma Amino Acid Profile in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efstathia Papada ◽  
Alastair Forbes ◽  
Charalampia Amerikanou ◽  
Ljilja Torović ◽  
Nick Kalogeropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Pistacia Lentiscus ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Oxidative stress is present in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and natural supplements with antioxidant properties have been investigated as a non-pharmacological approach. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of a natural Pistacia lentiscus (PL) supplement on oxidative stress biomarkers and to characterise the plasma-free amino acid (AA) profiles of patients with active IBD (Crohn’s disease (CD) N = 40, ulcerative colitis (UC) N = 20). The activity was determined according to 5 ≤ Harvey Bradshaw Index ≤ 16 or 2 ≤ Partial Mayo Score ≤ 6. This is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. IBD patients (N = 60) were randomly allocated to PL (2.8 g/day) or to placebo for 3 months being under no treatment (N = 21) or under stable medical treatment (mesalamine N = 24, azathioprine N = 14, and corticosteroids N = 23) that was either single medication (N = 22) or combined medication (N = 17). Plasma oxidised, low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), total serum oxidisability, and serum uric acid were evaluated at baseline and follow-up. OxLDL/LDL and oxLDL/High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) ratios were calculated. The plasma-free AA profile was determined by applying a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. oxLDL (p = 0.031), oxLDL/HDL (p = 0.020), and oxLDL/LDL (p = 0.005) decreased significantly in the intervention group. The mean change differed significantly in CD between groups for oxLDL/LDL (p = 0.01), and, in the total sample, both oxLDL/LDL (p = 0.015) and oxLDL/HDL (p = 0.044) differed significantly. Several changes were reported in AA levels. PL ameliorated a decrease in plasma-free AAs seen in patients with UC taking placebo. In conclusion, this intervention resulted in favourable changes in oxidative stress biomarkers in active IBD.

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