Referral Patterns for Youths Identified at Risk for Suicide by Trained Gatekeepers

Background: In order to better understand the posttraining suicide prevention behavior of gatekeeper trainees, the present article examines the referral and service receipt patterns among gatekeeper-identified youths. Methods: Data for this study were drawn from 26 Garrett Lee Smith grantees funded between October 2005 and October 2009 who submitted data about the number, characteristics, and service access of identified youths. Results: The demographic characteristics of identified youths are not related to referral type or receipt. Furthermore, referral setting does not seem to be predictive of the type of referral. Demographic as well as other (nonrisk) characteristics of the youths are not key variables in determining identification or service receipt. Limitations: These data are not necessarily representative of all youths identified by gatekeepers represented in the dataset. The prevalence of risk among all members of the communities from which these data are drawn is unknown. Furthermore, these data likely disproportionately represent gatekeepers associated with systems that effectively track gatekeepers and youths. Conclusions: Gatekeepers appear to be identifying youth across settings, and those youths are being referred for services without regard for race and gender or the settings in which they are identified. Furthermore, youths that may be at highest risk may be more likely to receive those services.

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Grading Teachers: Race and Gender Differences in Low Evaluation Ratings and Teacher Employment Outcomes

American Educational Research Journal ◽

10.3102/0002831219835776 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 1800-1833 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Steven Drake ◽

Amy Auletto ◽

Joshua M. Cowen

Keyword(s):

Charter Schools ◽

Evaluation System ◽

Employment Outcomes ◽

Teachers Of Color ◽

High Stakes ◽

Teacher Labor Market ◽

Race And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

To Receive ◽

The Relationship

In July 2011, the State of Michigan adopted a broad set of teacher labor market reforms, including a high-stakes evaluation system designed in part to remove low-performing teachers. We examine the characteristics of teachers rated as “minimally effective” and “ineffective,” as well as their schools, and the relationship between low effectiveness ratings and later employment outcomes. Results suggest teachers of color across traditional and charter schools are more likely to receive low effectiveness ratings than their within-school peers. These low rating risks are higher for teachers of color working in comparatively White-faculty contexts. Male and novice teachers are also rated low more frequently, and important differences appear to exist in the usage of low ratings by traditional public and charter schools.

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Beyond Symptoms: Race and Gender Predict Anxiety Disorder Diagnosis

Society and Mental Health ◽

10.1177/2156869318811435 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 111-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jennifer Vanderminden ◽

Jennifer J. Esala

Keyword(s):

Native American ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Social Groups ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Adult Health ◽

Unequal Distribution ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Sociology Of Diagnosis ◽

And Gender ◽

To Receive

Research shows an unequal distribution of anxiety disorder symptoms and diagnoses across social groups. Bridging stress process theory and the sociology of diagnosis and drawing on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we examine inequity in the prevalence of anxiety symptoms versus diagnosis across social groups (the “symptom-to-diagnoses gap”). Bivariate findings suggest that while several disadvantaged groups are more likely to experience symptoms of anxiety, they are not more likely to receive a diagnosis. Multivariate results indicate that after controlling for anxiety symptoms: (1) Being female still predicts an anxiety disorder diagnosis, and (2) Native American, white, and Hispanic/Latino respondents are more likely than black respondents to receive an anxiety disorder diagnosis. We conclude by reflecting on the implications of race and gender bias in diagnosis and the health trajectories for persons with undiagnosed anxiety disorders.

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A Socio-Demographic Analysis of Responses to Terrorism

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management ◽

10.1515/jhsem-2013-0082 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 941-966 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher Salvatore ◽

Gabriel Rubin

Keyword(s):

Fear Of Crime ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

General Social Survey ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Property Crime ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Criminological Theory ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Protective Actions ◽

And Gender

Abstract Extensive research has found that there are differences in reported levels of fear of crime and associated protective actions influenced by socio-demographic characteristics such as race and gender. Further studies, the majority of which focused on violent and property crime, have found that specific demographic characteristics influence fear of crime and protective behaviors. However, little research has focused on the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on perceptions, and protective actions in response to the threat of terrorism. Using data from the General Social Survey, this study compared individual level protective actions and perceptions of the effectiveness of protective responses to the 9/11 terrorist attacks among Americans for demographic factors that have been found to influence fear of crime and protective actions. Results indicated that several socio-demographic factors including race and gender do exhibit some differences in perceptions of the effectiveness of responses to terrorism, although not all achieved statistical significance. Results are discussed in relation to their implications for criminological theory, security, and terrorism preparedness.

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Trends and Gaps: A Meta-Review of Representative Bureaucracy

Review of Public Personnel Administration ◽

10.1177/0734371x19830154 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 559-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sebawit G. Bishu ◽

Alexis R. Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Framework ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Representative Bureaucracy ◽

Policy Outcomes ◽

Journal Articles ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Active Representation ◽

Meta Review ◽

And Gender ◽

Over Time

The representative bureaucracy theoretical framework explores the link between bureaucrats’ social and demographic characteristics and their likelihood to take actions that benefit citizens with whom they share identities. This meta-review analyzes 96 peer-reviewed representative bureaucracy journal articles to explore how the theoretical framework is described and applied and to track the contextual development of representative bureaucracy over time. Despite how far the field has come in connecting bureaucratic identity to normative policy outcomes, we find that the application of the theoretical framework is operationalized using a narrow set of shared identities (race and gender). In addition, we conclude that representative bureaucracy has been applied in limited geographic, methodological, and policy areas. Our article argues that the absence of studies that focus on intersectional identities, different geographic and policy contexts, and more qualitative and mixed methods impedes our understanding of the link between passive and active representation.

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Discrimination in the Payment of Full-Time Wage Premiums

ILR Review ◽

10.1177/001979399604900207 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 287-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Susan L. Averett ◽

Julie L. Hotchkiss

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

White Women ◽

Wage Premium ◽

Full Time ◽

Current Population Survey Data ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Wage Premiums ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Groups ◽

To Receive

This study investigates how many hours must be worked per week in order for workers in different race and gender groups to receive a high-hours (full-time) wage premium. An analysis of 1989 Current Population Survey data shows that across occupations, both white and black men received a full-time wage premium for working at least 33 hours per week, whereas white women had to work at least 37 hours and black women at least 39 hours to receive the premium. Controlling for occupation changes the threshold for black women to 33 hours, but does not change the results for the other groups. The authors find that the observed differences account for, at most, two percentage points of the wage differentials across race and gender.

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The Fragility of Racial Transcendence: An Analysis of Oprah Winfrey’s Endorsement of the Barack Obama 2008 Presidential Campaign

American Politics Research ◽

10.1177/1532673x18757236 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 304-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Harwood K. McClerking ◽

Chryl N. Laird ◽

Ray Block

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

Barack Obama ◽

Presidential Campaign ◽

The Political ◽

Group Support ◽

Political Arena ◽

Oprah Winfrey ◽

Race And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

To Receive

We define racial transcendence as an elevated status in which evaluations of an individual are no longer shaped by the race of the attitudinal target or the race of the person making the evaluations. Observers argue that Oprah Winfrey transcends race, meaning that she is just as likely to receive support from non-Blacks as she is from fellow Blacks. But this argument may not follow when Oprah moves into the political arena. We use two surveys to demonstrate this: The first survey supports Winfrey’s transcendence, while we see in-group support in the second. We find that Oprah enjoys her greatest support among racial fellows, and her favorability flows along the lines of race and gender: Her greatest supporters are Black women. Oprah’s ability to offer political cues also flows along lines of race and gender: Those most likely to be influenced by her Obama endorsement are Black women.

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Descriptive representation and public support for Supreme Court nominees

Political Science Research and Methods ◽

10.1017/psrm.2019.59 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Jaclyn Kaslovsky ◽

Jon C. Rogowski ◽

Andrew R. Stone

Keyword(s):

Supreme Court ◽

Public Support ◽

The United States ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Political Support ◽

Descriptive Representation ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Conjoint Experiment ◽

And Gender ◽

The U.S

Abstract Though the demographic characteristics of judicial nominees in the United States have gained increased political attention in recent years, relatively little is known about how they affect public opinion toward judicial nominees and courts. We evaluate these relationships in the context of race and gender using a conjoint experiment conducted during a recent vacancy on the U.S. Supreme Court. We find consistent evidence that Americans are more supportive of coracial nominees, particularly among white Republicans and Black Democrats, but no evidence of a similar effect on the basis of gender. Our results have important implications for theories of descriptive representation and suggest limits to its use as a means for generating political support for judicial nominees.

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Neighborhood Environment and Social Support Received: An Examination of Race and Gender in Baltimore City

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.1838 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 477-477

Author(s):

Sol Baik ◽

Christine Mair ◽

Amanda Lehning ◽

Ji Hyang Cheon ◽

Shari Waldstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Social Control ◽

Well Being ◽

Neighborhood Environment ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Baltimore City ◽

Urban Settings ◽

Race And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

To Receive

Abstract Social support in urban settings is likely shaped by the context of the neighborhood environment. Patterns of support may also differ by the type of support received as well as characteristics of the person receiving support. For example, women and Black residents may have stronger support networks compared to men and white individuals, and variation by gender and race in social support may have important implications for promoting well-being in disadvantaged neighborhoods. To investigate the presence of these potential patterns in a disadvantaged urban environment, we analyzed 2,553 Baltimore City residents (ages 30-64) from the baseline wave (2004-2009) of the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. We tested associations between self-assessed neighborhood environment (disorder, cohesion, and control) and social support (from partners, children, and/or friends) and further explored variation by intersections of race and gender using multi-group structural equation modeling. Our results suggest that individuals are more likely to receive support when they perceive their neighborhood to have higher social control and cohesion, particularly in terms of support from friends. Although interactions by race and sex were not statistically significant, a descriptive pattern emerged wherein Black women are particularly likely to receive support from multiple sources when they report more social control in their neighborhood. On the other hand, there is almost no association between neighborhood environment and social support for Black men. We discuss these findings in light of potential neighborhood inequities in informal support access in Baltimore City and similar urban settings.

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