The Geographic Heterogeneity of Suicide Rates in India by Religion, Caste, Tribe, and Other Backward Classes

Abstract. Background: Caste, tribal, and religious associations, which are perhaps the most important aspects of personal and social lives in India, have been neglected in Indian suicide research. Aim: To investigate suicide rates in India by religion, caste, tribe, and other backward classes over the period 2014–2015. Method: This study acquired unpublished suicide data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) for 2014 and 2015 including caste, tribal, and religious associations of suicide cases. National and state-specific suicide rates (2014–2015) were then calculated for Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, and other religious groups and for scheduled caste (SC), scheduled tribe (ST), and other backward classes (OBC). Results: The findings show higher suicide rates among Christian and other religious groups compared with Hindus and higher suicide rates among general populations compared with SC, ST, and OBC populations. However, the results varied among different regions highlighting the substantial geographical heterogeneity of suicide rates across India by caste and religion. Limitations: The suicide rates presented might be an underestimation of the true rates. Conclusion: Given the heterogeneity of minority/majority status by religion, caste, tribes, and OBC in different states, further investigation of the relationship between minority status and suicide is warranted.

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PERSOALAN KEHIDUPAN KONTEMPORER: MENGGAGAS KAJIAN SACHEDINA TENTANG THEOLOGI PLURALISME

EMPIRISMA ◽

10.30762/empirisma.v26i1.679 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Limas Dodi

Keyword(s):

Religious Pluralism ◽

Main Argument ◽

Religious Groups ◽

Common View ◽

The Public ◽

The People ◽

Muslim Majority ◽

The Common ◽

The Relationship ◽

Religious Differences

According to Abdulaziz Sachedina, the main argument of religious pluralism in the Qur’an based on the relationship between private belief (personal) and public projection of Islam in society. By regarding to private faith, the Qur’an being noninterventionist (for example, all forms of human authority should not be disturb the inner beliefs of individuals). While the public projection of faith, the Qur’an attitude based on the principle of coexistence. There is the willingness of the dominant race provide the freedom for people of other faiths with their own rules. Rules could shape how to run their affairs and to live side by side with the Muslims. Thus, based on the principle that the people of Indonesia are Muslim majority, it should be a mirror of a societie’s recognizion, respects and execution of religious pluralism. Abdul Aziz Sachedina called for Muslims to rediscover the moral concerns of public Islam in peace. The call for peace seemed to indicate that the existence of increasingly weakened in the religious sense of the Muslims and hence need to be reaffi rmed. Sachedina also like to emphasize that the position of peace in Islam is parallel with a variety of other doctrines, such as: prayer, fasting, pilgrimage and so on. Sachedina also tried to show the argument that the common view among religious groups is only one religion and traditions of other false and worthless. “Antipluralist” argument comes amid the reality of human religious differences. Keywords: Theology, Pluralism, Abdulaziz Sachedina

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The Case for Muslim Constitutional Interpretive Activity

American Journal of Islam and Society ◽

10.35632/ajis.v7i1.2667 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 69-75

Author(s):

Kathleen Moore

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Substantial Contribution ◽

Constitutional Rights ◽

Religious Groups ◽

Racial Hatred ◽

Special Diet ◽

Court Record ◽

Religious Associations ◽

Islamic Faith ◽

The Right

Muslim Involvement: The Court Record 1.Prisoners' RightsCan we rely upon the courts to protect Islam and Muslims from discriminatory treatment? Have the courts considered Islam to be a 'religion' worthy of constitutional protection? The issue of First Amendment protection of Muslim beliefs and practices has arisen most often in cases brought by African-American Muslims who are incarcerated. In fact, the area of law to which Muslims have made their most substantial contribution to date is the area of prisoners' rights litigation. African-American Muslim inmates have been responsible for establishing prisoners' constitutional rights to worship. Cases brought by Muslims have established that prisoners have the right to assemble for religious services; to consult a cleric of their faith; to possess religious publications and to subscribe to religious literature; to wear unobstrusive religious symbols such as medallions; to have prepared a special diet required by their religion; and to correspond with their spiritual leaders. The court record demonstrates that Muslim inmates' religious liberty claims, challenging prison regulations that impinge on the free exercise of the Islamic faith, have been accepted only under certain circumstances. In brief, the responsiveness of the courts to Muslim inmates' claims has turned on a number of factors including: (1) the issue of equality of treatment of all religious groups in prison; (2) the courts' reticence to reverse the decisions of prison officials; (3) the degree to which the inmates' challenges would undermine the fundamental interests of the state (e.g. in prison security and administrative efficiency); and (4) the showing that Islam is parallel in significant ways to the conventional Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish faiths.Constitutional protection of Islamic practices in prison and elsewhere, however, has not been automatic. Many Muslim organizations, the Nation of Islam in particular, have been treated as cults, or suspect and dangerous groups, due in part to the perception that Muslims teach racial hatred, and have not been regarded in the same respect as 'mainline' religious groups. It has been argued before the courts that Muslim doctrine contains political aspirations and economic goals as well as racial prejudice and should be suppressed in the interest of society. The gist of this argument is that certain Muslim groups are primarily political and not religious associations and thus ...

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On the Volatile Relationship of Secularization and New Religious Movements

10.1093/oso/9780198798071.003.0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

David Holland

Keyword(s):

Religious Movements ◽

New Religious Movements ◽

Illustrative Case ◽

Religious Groups ◽

Christian Science ◽

The Public ◽

Public Action ◽

Public Square ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

This chapter considers the complex relationship between secularization and the emergence of new religious movements. Drawing from countervailing research, some of which insists that new religious movements abet secularizing processes and some of which sees these movements as disproving the secularization thesis, the chapter presents the relationship as inherently unstable. To the extent that new religious movements maintain a precarious balance of familiarity and foreignness—remaining familiar enough to stretch the definitional boundaries of religion—they contribute to secularization. However, new religious movements frequently lean to one side or other of that median, either promoting religious power in the public square by identifying with the interests of existing religious groups, or emphasizing their distinctiveness from these groups and thus provoking aggressive public action by the antagonized religious mainstream. This chapter centres on an illustrative case from Christian Science history.

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Religion and EU Institutions

Ecclesiastical Law Journal ◽

10.1017/s0956618x13000458 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 326-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pasquale Annicchino

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

European Commission ◽

The European Union ◽

Religious Groups ◽

European Institutions ◽

Religious Associations ◽

Dialogue Seminar

The implementation of Article 17(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) has always been one of the central topics of discussion for legal scholars analysing the relationships between religious groups and European institutions. According to Article 17, the European Union shall maintain an open, transparent and regular dialogue with churches, religious associations or communities, philosophical organisations and non-confessional organisations. In the case in hand, the complainant, the European Humanist Federation (EHF) decided to lodge a complaint before the European Ombudsman when the European Commission rejected the proposal for a dialogue seminar.

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Psychedelics and Mindfulness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.31234/osf.io/yu7jf ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chelsea Radakovic ◽

Ratko Radakovic ◽

Guy Peryer ◽

Jo-Anne Geere

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Inner Experience ◽

Administration Method ◽

Acting With Awareness ◽

Mindfulness Facets ◽

General Populations ◽

Clinical Conditions ◽

The Relationship

Rationale: The benefits of mindfulness are well documented and it has become widely used in both clinical and general populations. The benefits of classic serotonergic psychedelics (e.g. psilocybin, LSD, DMT, ayahuasca) are becoming more widely known with the resurgence in research in the past decade. Research has suggested a link between psychedelics and an increase in mindfulness with lasting effect, but no systematic review has examined specifics aspects of this increase in mindfulness. Objective: Explore the link between psychedelics and characteristics of mindfulness. Methods: We conducted a systematic search across multiple databases, inclusive of grey literature and backwards/forward-citation tracking, on the 18 January 2021. The search strategy included terms relating to mindfulness and psychedelics, with no restriction on clinical or non-clinical conditions. Study quality was assessed. An exploratory random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on pre-post mindfulness data relative to psychedelic ingestion. Results: Of 1805 studies screened, 13 were included in the systematic review. There was substantial variability in participant characteristics, psychedelic administration method and measurement of mindfulness. The ingestion of psychedelics is associated with an increase in mindfulness, specifically relating to domains of acceptance, which encompasses non-judgement of inner experience and non-reactivity. The meta-analysis of a subset of studies (N=6) showed small effects overall relative to ayahuasca ingestion, increasing mindfulness facets of non-judgement of inner experience and non-reactivity, as well as acting with awareness. Conclusions: Further methodologically robust research is needed to elucidate the relationship between psychedelics and mindfulness. However, mindfulness and specific facets relating to acceptance have been shown to increase following ingestion of psychedelics in a number of studies.

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An Analysis of the Post-War Community Relations between Buddhists and Muslims in Sri Lanka: A Muslim’s Perspective

Journal of Politics and Law ◽

10.5539/jpl.v9n6p42 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Ahmad Sunawari Long ◽

Khaidzir Hj. Ismail ◽

Kamarudin Salleh ◽

Saadiah Kumin ◽

Halizah Omar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Total Population ◽

Community Relations ◽

Religious Groups ◽

Islam And Christianity ◽

Post War ◽

Almost All ◽

Religious Aspects ◽

The Relationship ◽

Community Relationship

Sri Lanka is a multi-ethnic, multi-religious country comprising four of the world’s major religions: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Christianity. Buddhists are the predominant ethnic group, constituting 70.19% of the total population, while Muslims make up the second largest minority in the country. There are many records in the history to prove well the cordial relationship between Buddhists and Muslims in Sri Lanka. However, in the past couple of years, particularly during the aftermath of the civil war, tension may be observed in the relationship between these two religious groups. This is due to a campaign undertaken by a several Buddhist nationalist groups whose intensions are to create a division among these respective societies. These groups have been carrying protests against Muslim social, cultural and religious aspects, including issuing Halal certification, slaughtering of cattle, conducting prayer services, etc. Moreover, they have disseminated misinterpretations about Muslims and Islam with derogatory speeches among the Buddhist public, for the purpose of accomplishing above division. Given the above backdrop, this paper attempts to determine the post-war relationship between Muslims and Buddhists in the country, including major interrupting factors, through analyzing Muslims’ point of views. According to the results, there is no remarkable fluctuation in the relationships between Muslims and Buddhists, and Muslims have posited that there are several social, cultural and religious practices them that act as significant barriers to maintaining a better community relationship with Buddhists, such as slaughtering of cattle for meals. Therefore, almost all of the Muslims have been demanding proper guidelines regarding the slaughtering of cattle, the Niqabs (face cover of Muslim women), and other factors related to interrupting a better interaction with the Buddhists for better cordiality, within the context of Sri Lanka.

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UNDERSTANDING LAW AND RELIGION AS CULTURE: MAKING ROOM FOR MEANING IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE

Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel ◽

10.21991/c9dw92 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 (1, 2 & 3) ◽

pp. 2006

Author(s):

Benjamin L. Berger

Keyword(s):

Public Sphere ◽

Public Space ◽

Public Discourse ◽

Religious Groups ◽

The Public ◽

The Past ◽

Law And Politics ◽

Important Relationship ◽

The Public Sphere ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between law and religion in contemporary civil society has been a topic of increasing social interest and importance in Canada in the past many years. We have seen the practices and commitments of religious groups and individuals become highly salient on many issues of public policy, including the nature of the institution of marriage, the content of public education, and the uses of public space, to name just a few. As the vehicle for this discussion, I want to ask a straightforward question: When we listen to our public discourse, what is the story that we hear about the relationship between law and religion? How does this topic tend to be spoken about in law and politics – what is our idiom around this issue – and does this story serve us well? Though straightforward, this question has gone all but unanswered in our political and academic discussions. We take for granted our approach to speaking about – and, therefore, our way of thinking about – the relationship between law and religion. In my view, this is most unfortunate because this taken-for-grantedness is the source of our failure to properly understand the critically important relationship between law and religion.

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RELIGIÃO E IDENTIDADE CULTURAL NEGRA: AFRO-BRASILEIROS, CATÓLICOS E EVANGÉLICOS

Afro-Ásia ◽

10.9771/aa.v0i56.22524 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Vagner Gonçalves da Silva

Keyword(s):

Black Identity ◽

Public Policies ◽

Religious Groups ◽

Contemporary Debate ◽

The Public ◽

African Heritage ◽

Black Movement ◽

The Relationship

Nas últimas décadas, vários grupos religiosos têm se posicionado sobre a relação entre “identidade negra”, cultura e religião. Neste ensaio, pretendo apresentar algumas tendências do debate contemporâneo entre o campo religioso afro-brasileiro, o movimento negro católico e o evangélico. Sugiro que esse debate se constrói a partir de posições gestadas nas relações de uns com os outros e com as políticas públicas voltadas para a patrimonialização dos símbolos das heranças africanas no Brasil.Palavras-chave: religiões afro-brasileiras - catolicismo - evangélicos - movimento negro - identidade negra.AbstractIn recent decades, various religious groups have positioned themselves with regard to the relationship between “black identity”, culture and religion. In this essay, I present some trends in the contemporary debate between the African-Brazilian religious field, the black Catholic and evangelical movements. I suggest that this debate is constructed from gestated positions in relation to each other as well as the public policies directed towards the patrimonialization of symbols of African heritage in Brazil.Keywords: African-Brazilians religions - Catholicism - evangelicals - black movement - black identity

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