Chinese Classical Dancers Have Improved Spontaneous Activity in Visual Brain Areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rou Wen ◽  
Lijuan Hou ◽  
Jilong Shi ◽  
Mi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Classical Dance ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Dance Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Professional Dancers

Abstract. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies demonstrate that long-term exercise or dance training may cause changes in brain structure and function. However, the changes of neurofunction in the long-term practitioners of Chinese classical dance are still unclear. The purpose of the study is to explore the neurofunctional alterations associated with long-term Chinese classical dance training. Thirty female college students were selected, 15 students majoring in Chinese classical dance (average training years = 9.73 ± 1.75 years) and 15 education-matched non-dancer students with no previous experience of regular dance training. In this cross-sectional design, the resting-state fMRI data were acquired only once to observe the structural and functional changes of the brain. Compared with non-dancers, professional dancers had no significant difference in the total volume of whole brain, gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid. While in professional dancers, we found increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in the left superior occipital gyrus, right Cuneus, and left calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex (Calcarine); increased fractional ALFF and regional homogeneity in the right Calcarine, indicating the increase of spontaneous brain activity in these brain areas. Since these brain areas are related to visual cognitive function, the results suggest that long-term Chinese classical dance training is associated with increased spontaneous regional brain activity in the visual areas. This may be closely related to the specific characteristics of Chinese classical dance and long-term professional training.

Resting State Brain Activity During Long-Term Dry Immersion

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 642-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan E. Lazarev ◽  
Elena S. Tomilovskaya ◽  
Inesa B. Kozlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Dry Immersion

scholarly journals The Interaction of Child Abuse and rs1360780 of the FKBP5 Gene is Associated with Amygdala Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Wesarg ◽  
Ilya M. Veer ◽  
Nicole Y. L. Oei ◽  
Laura S. Daedelow ◽  
Tristram A. Lett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
History Of

AbstractExtensive research has demonstrated that rs1360780, a common single nucleotide polymorphism within the FKBP5 gene, interacts with early-life stress in predicting psychopathology. Previous results suggest that carriers of the TT genotype of rs1360780 who were exposed to child abuse show differences in structure and functional activation of emotion-processing brain areas belonging to the salience network. Extending these findings on intermediate phenotypes of psychopathology, we examined if the interaction between rs1360780 and child abuse predicts resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the amygdala and other areas of the salience network. We analyzed data of young European adults from the general population (N = 774; mean age = 18.76 years) who took part in the IMAGEN study. In the absence of main effects of genotype and abuse, a significant interaction effect was observed for rsFC between the right centromedial amygdala and right posterior insula (p < .025, FWE-corrected), which was driven by stronger rsFC in TT allele carriers with a history of abuse. Our results suggest that the TT genotype of rs1360780 may render individuals with a history of abuse more vulnerable to functional changes in communication between brain areas processing emotions and bodily sensations, which could underlie or increase risk for psychopathology.

scholarly journals Bilateral Differences in Peak Force, Power, and Maximum Plié Depth During Multiple Grande Jetés

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Wyon ◽  
Julie Harris ◽  
Derrick Brown ◽  
Frances Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Dance Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bilateral Differences ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lateral Bias ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Leg Dominance

A lateral bias has been previously reported in dance training. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are any bilateral differences in peak forces, power, and maximum knee flexion during a sequence of three grand jetés and how they relate to leg dominance. A randomised observational design was selected for the study. Volunteers consisted of 20 female dancers in the last year of pre-professional training. All volunteers completed three different tests to determine leg dominance prior to completing a three grande jeté sequence. The lead leg for the jump sequence was randomised. Peak take-off power, relative landing force (BW), and maximum knee flexion angles were measured using a Myotest accelerometer and integrated goniometer. Results indicated that 90% of dancers reported right leg dominance. A significant difference was noted in peak take-off power among the jumps (p<0.01); post hoc test indicated jump 3 was significantly greater than jump 1. Mean maximum take-off knee angles increased over the three-jump sequence with the left leg having a significantly deeper plié than the right (p<0.01). Landing data showed an increase in peak force and a decrease in maximum knee angles across the jump sequence. The present data indicate different bilateral strategies during take-off and landing during grand jetés in female dancers resulting in increased forces during the jumps on the non-dominant side. These differences need to be addressed by incorporating appropriate modifications in training methodology that eliminates the observed bilateral differences.

scholarly journals Resting-state connectivity studies as a marker of the acute and delayed effects of subanaesthetic ketamine administration in healthy and depressed individuals: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239821282110554
Author(s):  
Vasileia Kotoula ◽  
Toby Webster ◽  
James Stone ◽  
Mitul A Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Resting State Connectivity ◽  
The Brain

Acute ketamine administration has been widely used in neuroimaging research to mimic psychosis-like symptoms. Within the last two decades, ketamine has also emerged as a potent, fast-acting antidepressant. The delayed effects of the drug, observed 2–48 h after a single infusion, are associated with marked improvements in depressive symptoms. At the systems’ level, several studies have investigated the acute ketamine effects on brain activity and connectivity; however, several questions remain unanswered around the brain changes that accompany the drug’s antidepressant effects and how these changes relate to the brain areas that appear with altered function and connectivity in depression. This review aims to address some of these questions by focusing on resting-state brain connectivity. We summarise the studies that have examined connectivity changes in treatment-naïve, depressed individuals and those studies that have looked at the acute and delayed effects of ketamine in healthy and depressed volunteers. We conclude that brain areas that are important for emotional regulation and reward processing appear with altered connectivity in depression whereas the default mode network presents with increased connectivity in depressed individuals compared to healthy controls. This finding, however, is not as prominent as the literature often assumes. Acute ketamine administration causes an increase in brain connectivity in healthy volunteers. The delayed effects of ketamine on brain connectivity vary in direction and appear to be consistent with the drug normalising the changes observed in depression. The limited number of studies however, as well as the different approaches for resting-state connectivity analysis make it very difficult to draw firm conclusions and highlight the importance of data sharing and larger future studies.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Side of Onset and Cerebral Regional Homogeneity in Parkinson’s Disease: A Resting-State fMRI Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kai Li ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Chun-Mei Li ◽  
Xin-Xin Ma ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Temporal Pole ◽  
The Right

Objective. Motor symptoms are usually asymmetric in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and asymmetry in PD may involve widespread brain areas. We sought to evaluate the effect of asymmetry on the whole brain spontaneous activity using the measure regional homogeneity (ReHo) through resting-state functional MRI. Methods. We recruited 30 PD patients with left onset (LPD), 27 with right side (RPD), and 32 controls with satisfactory data. Their demographic, clinical, and neuropsychological information were obtained. Resting-state functional MRI was performed, and ReHo was used to determine the brain activity. ANCOVA was utilized to analyze between-group differences in ReHo and the associations between abnormal ReHo, and various clinical and neuropsychological variables were explored by Spearman’s correlation. Results. LPD patients had higher ReHo in the right temporal pole than the controls. RPD patients had increased ReHo in the right temporal pole and decreased ReHo in the primary motor cortex and premotor area, compared with the controls. Directly comparing LPD and RPD patients did not show a significant difference in ReHo. ReHo of the right temporal pole was significantly correlated with depression and anxiety in RPD patients. Conclusions. Both LPD and RPD have increased brain activity synchronization in the right temporal pole, and only RPD has decreased brain activity synchronization in the right frontal motor areas. The changed brain activity in the right temporal pole may play a compensatory role for depression and anxiety in PD, and the altered cerebral function in the right frontal motor area in RPD may represent the reorganization of the motor system in RPD.

scholarly journals Fibromyalgia Detection Based on EEG Connectivity Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3277
Author(s):  
Ramón Martín-Brufau ◽  
Manuel Nombela Gómez ◽  
Leyre Sanchez-Sanchez-Rojas ◽  
Cristina Nombela
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Eeg Connectivity

Objective: The identification of a complementary test to confirm the diagnosis of FM. The diagnosis of fibromyalgia (FM) is based on clinical features, but there is still no consensus, so patients and clinicians might benefit from such a test. Recent findings showed that pain lies in neuronal bases (pain matrices) and, in the long term, chronic pain modifies the activity and dynamics of brain structures. Our hypothesis is that patients with FM present lower levels of brain activity and therefore less connectivity than controls. Methods: We registered the resting state EEG of 23 patients with FM and compared them with 23 control subjects’ resting state recordings from the PhysioBank database. We measured frequency, amplitude, and functional connectivity, and conducted source localization (sLORETA). ROC analysis was performed on the resulting data. Results: We found significant differences in brain bioelectrical activity at rest in all analyzed bands between patients and controls, except for Delta. Subsequent source analysis provided connectivity values that depicted a distinct profile, with high discriminative capacity (between 91.3–100%) between the two groups. Conclusions: Patients with FM show a distinct neurophysiological pattern that fits with the clinical features of the disease.

scholarly journals Source Space Analysis of Event-Related Dynamic Reorganization of Brain Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas A. Ioannides ◽  
Stavros I. Dimitriadis ◽  
George A. Saridis ◽  
Marotesa Voultsidou ◽  
Vahe Poghosyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Typical Subject ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

How the brain works is nowadays synonymous with how different parts of the brain work together and the derivation of mathematical descriptions for the functional connectivity patterns that can be objectively derived from data of different neuroimaging techniques. In most cases static networks are studied, often relying on resting state recordings. Here, we present a quantitative study of dynamic reconfiguration of connectivity for event-related experiments. Our motivation is the development of a methodology that can be used for personalized monitoring of brain activity. In line with this motivation, we use data with visual stimuli from a typical subject that participated in different experiments that were previously analyzed with traditional methods. The earlier studies identified well-defined changes in specific brain areas at specific latencies related to attention, properties of stimuli, and tasks demands. Using a recently introduced methodology, we track the event-related changes in network organization, at source space level, thus providing a more global and complete view of the stages of processing associated with the regional changes in activity. The results suggest the time evolving modularity as an additional brain code that is accessible with noninvasive means and hence available for personalized monitoring and clinical applications.

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