Validation of the Short Dark Triad in a German Sample

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Caroline Wehner ◽  
Ulrike Maaß ◽  
Marius Leckelt ◽  
Mitja D. Back ◽  
Matthias Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Competitive Test ◽  
Three Factor ◽  
Behavioral Criteria

Abstract. The structure, correlates, and assessment of the Dark Triad are widely discussed in several fields of psychology. Based on the German version of the Short Dark Triad (SDT), we add to this by (a) providing a competitive test of existing structural models, (b) testing the nomological network, and (c) proposing an ultrashort 9-item version of the SDT (uSDT). A sample of N = 969 participants provided data on the SDT and a range of further measures. Our competitive test of five structural models revealed that fit indices and nomological network assumptions were best met in a three-factor model, with separate factors for psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism. The results provided an extensive overview of the raw, unique, and shared associations of Dark Triad dimensions with narcissism facets, sadism, impulsivity, self-esteem, sensation seeking, the Big Five, maladaptive personality traits, sociosexual orientation, and behavioral criteria. Finally, the uSDT exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties. The highest overlap in expected relations between SDT and uSDT, and convergent and discriminant measures was also found for the three-factor model. Our study underlines the utility of a three-factor model of the Dark Triad, extends findings on its nomological network, and provides an ultrashort instrument.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Slovak Version of Short Dark Triad

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-666
Author(s):  
Radka Čopková ◽  
Leoš Šafár
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Slovak Population ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Three Factor

The Short Dark Triad is a scale used to capture three aversive personality traits—Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy on the subclinical level. The present study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the Short Dark Triad scale in three studies. The first two studies aimed to examine the reliability of the scale. The aim of Study 1 was to examine the factor structure of SD3. A three-factor model consisting of three latent intercorrelated factors in a unidimensional and bifactorial model were examined on a sample of 588 participants. Study 2 aimed to test the consistency of the results over time (test–retest reliability) on the sample of 117 participants. In Study 3, convergent and divergent validity was examined on the sample of 333 participants. For both kinds of validity examination, the Slovak version of NEO-FFI was used. The internal consistency of the subscales and test results, the same as the retest results, were satisfactory. The relationships between the scales were found to be significant. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results supported the original three-factor model. Significant interrelations have been established between Machiavellianism and openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness; narcissism and neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness; psychopathy and openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness. The Short Dark Triad achieved satisfactory values of reliability and validity; therefore, it can be used on the Slovak population.

scholarly journals Anxiety Assessment: Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Burns Anxiety Inventory

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Ortuño-Sierra ◽  
Lorena Rodríguez ◽  
Martin Debbané ◽  
Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
And Control ◽  
Three Factor

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Burns Anxiety Inventory (Burns-A: Burns, 1993). The sample consisted of 417 participants, 387 (29.71% male) healthy participants (control group: M = 35.5 years; SD = 8.40) and 30 (36.66% female) patients (clinical group: M = 35.8 years; SD = 12.94). The internal consistency evaluated through Cronbach’ Alpha was 0.95 for the Total Score in both subsamples. The test-retest reliability (two weeks) for Total Score was 0.86 (F = 13.2, p ≤ .001) for the non-clinical subsample, and 0.95 (F = 36.5, p ≤ .001) for the clinical subsample. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the initial three-factor model. However, modifications to the initial three-factor model improved the goodness-of-fit indices. Results showed statistically significant differences in the mean scores of the Burns-A between the clinical and control groups. This study supports the Spanish version of the Burns-A as a brief and useful tool for the screening of anxiety symptoms in adult populations. Future studies should investigate measurement invariance across cultures.

Multidimensionality of the Langner Symptom Survey and Replication of a Cutoff Score in Emerging Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Lace ◽  
Kristen A. Haeberlein ◽  
Paul J. Handal
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Three Factor

This study investigated the dimensionality of the Langner Symptom Survey and replicated a recent finding regarding a clinically validated cutoff score in emerging adults. Nine hundred thirteen (631 females and 282 males) students at a private university in the Midwestern United States participated online as part of a larger study and completed the Langner Symptom Survey and a demographic questionnaire. Results from exploratory principal components and confirmatory factor analyses provided support for both a six- and three-factor model of the Langner Symptom Survey, with the three-factor model offering marginally better confirmatory fit indices and greater parsimony of interpretation. A cutoff score of 5 denoting clinically significant psychological distress and need for treatment was supported through analysis of receiver-operating characteristic, sensitivity, specificity, and total classification accuracy based on psychological service utilization, and this result successfully replicated a recently published finding. The Langner Symptom Survey may function as a multidimensional measure of psychological distress and need for treatment in emerging adults that may need a lexical update.

An Evaluation of Competing Structural Models of Adolescents' Concerns: Chi-Squared, Fit Indices, and Parsimony

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Violato
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Chi Squared

In 1993 Adwere-Boamah and Curds replicated a 1988 study by Violato and Holden of a four-factor model of adolescents' concerns. Employing confirmatory factor analysis, they concluded that the model did not fit the data well. In a re-analysis, it is suggested in the present paper that on the contrary, the results support the original model.

Assessing Motor and Cognitive Areas in Older People: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Portuguese Version of Éxamen Géronto-Psychomoteur

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Ana Morais ◽  
Sofia Santos ◽  
Paula Lebre ◽  
Celeste Simões
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Older People ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Three Factor

Aging involves changes in psychomotor performance. Few studies are focused on psychomotor skills among older people due, in part, to the inexistence of valid instruments in the field. The purpose of this article is to analyze the factor structure model of the Portuguese version of Exámen Géronto-Psychomoteur. The confirmatory factor analysis was completed in a sample of 497 older persons, aged between 60 and 99 years, with and without dementia (74.4% female; M = 78.0; standard deviation = 8.6). A baseline one-factor model was compared against 2 three-factor models (first and second order) that were developed based on the previous exploratory factor analysis. Fit indices for the one-factor model were slightly higher when compared with other models; however, the second-order model seems to be more representative of human behavior. The results of this study provide evidence to support a three-factor model: cognition, motor function, and physical aspects.

scholarly journals Psychopathic boldness: Narcissism, self-esteem, or something in between?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Miller ◽  
Chelsea Sleep ◽  
Michael L Crowe ◽  
Donald Lynam
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Similarity Analysis ◽  
Factor Level ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Three Factor

Although psychopathy remains to be one of the most well-studied and validated personality disorders, debate remains regarding the necessity and sufficiency of fearless dominance/boldness. The crux of this debate revolves around the robust relations boldness shares with adaptive outcomes (e.g., self-esteem) and the limited relations it evinces with psychopathy’s other features and theoretically-relevant outcomes. Nevertheless, boldness also typically exhibits moderate to large relations with grandiose narcissism; however, these relations are less frequently examined at the factor level. The aim of the present study was to conduct a comprehensive examination of the relations between psychopathic boldness, narcissism, and other adaptive features in a large, Amazon Mechanical Turk sample (N = 591). Consistent with previous findings, boldness exhibited moderate to large relations with grandiose narcissism; however, the use of a trifurcated three-factor model of narcissism demonstrates that boldness is robustly related to an agentic extraversion component of narcissism but evinces small relations with narcissism’s antagonistic and neuroticism-related features. Psychopathic boldness also evinced large, positive relations with self-esteem, and across outcomes, similarity analysis reveal that they exhibit nearly identical trait profiles.

scholarly journals The Perils of Untested Assumptions in Theory Testing: A Reply to Patrick et al. (2020)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Roy ◽  
Colin Vize ◽  
Katarzyna Uzieblo ◽  
Josanne van Dongen ◽  
Josh Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
North American ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Theory Testing ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
College Sample ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
Three Factor

We respond to a critique by Patrick et al. (2020) of our recent study (Roy et al., 2020) that raised questions regarding the three-factor model of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM). Roy et al. demonstrated that a replicable model involving seven unidimensional factors accounted for the TriPM items across North American and European general population samples, as well as European male offenders. Despite having access to large TriPM datasets, the Patrick et al. critique relied on tangential analyses of general personality traits, using a single college sample with TriPM data as supplemental. Thus, Patrick et al. ignored findings highlighting multidimensional TriPM scales and the uncertainty they introduce with respect to the larger nomological network of psychopathy. In our reply, we demonstrate additional problems with the three-factor TriPM model and show that the seven-factor model outperforms the three-factor model in predicting correlates of psychopathy.

scholarly journals Psychopathic boldness: Narcissism, self-esteem, or something in between?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Sleep ◽  
Josh Miller ◽  
Donald Lynam ◽  
Michael L Crowe
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Factor Level ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Three Factor

Although psychopathy is one of the most studied and well-validated personality disorders, debate remains regarding the necessity and sufficiency of fearless dominance/boldness. This debate revolves around the robust relations boldness shares with adaptive outcomes (e.g., self-esteem) and the limited relations it evinces with psychopathy’s other features and outcomes. Although boldness exhibits moderate to large relations with grandiose narcissism, these relations are less frequently examined at the factor level. The present study comprehensively examines the relations between psychopathic boldness, narcissism, and other adaptive features in a large, MTurk sample (N = 591). While boldness exhibited moderate to large relations with grandiose narcissism, the use of a three-factor model of narcissism revealed this relation was driven by the agentic extraversion component of narcissism not the antagonistic or neuroticism components. Boldness similarly evinced large, positive relations with self-esteem, and shared nearly identical trait profiles with self-esteem.

A Psychometric Study of the Quality Perception Questionnaire

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Cioffi† ◽  
Anna Coluccia ◽  
Fabio Ferretti ◽  
Francesca Lorini ◽  
Aristide Saggino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Quality Perception ◽  
Italian Survey ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Instrument Measuring ◽  
Hospital Structures

The present paper reexamines the psychometric properties of the Quality Perception Questionnaire (QPQ), an Italian survey instrument measuring patients’ perceptions of the quality of a recent hospital admission experience, in a sample of 4400 patients (Mage = 56.42 years; SD = 19.71 years, 48.8% females). The 14-item survey measures four factors: satisfaction with medical doctors, nursing staff, auxiliary staff, and hospital structures. First, we tested two models using a confirmatory factor analysis (structural equation modeling): a four orthogonal factor and a four oblique factor model. The SEM fit indices and the χ² difference suggested the acceptance of the second model. We then did a simulation using a bootstrap with 1000 replications. Results confirmed the four oblique factor solution. Third, we tested whether there were significant differences with respect to age or sex. The multivariate general linear model showed no significant differences in the factors with respect to sex or age.

Question Wording Effects in the Assessment of Global Self-Esteem

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dunbar ◽  
Graeme Ford ◽  
Kate Hunt ◽  
Geoff Der
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Reading Scores ◽  
Poor Reading ◽  
Method Effect ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Positive Item ◽  
Method Effects ◽  
Best Fit

Summary: Marsh (1996) produced evidence that method effects associated with negatively worded items might be responsible for the results of earlier factor analytic studies that reported finding positive and negative self-esteem factors in the Rosenberg Global self-esteem scale ( Rosenberg, 1965 ). He analyzed data collected from children using a 7-item self-esteem measure. This report details attempts to replicate Marsh 's analysis in data collected from two samples of adults who completed the full 10-item Global Self-Esteem (GSE) scale. The results reported here are similar to those given by Marsh in so much as a correlated uniquenesses model produced a superior fit to the data than the simple one factor model (without correlated uniquenesses) or the often reported two factor (positive and negative self-esteem) model. However, whilst Marsh reported that the best fit was produced by allowing negative item uniquenesses to correlate with each other, the model that produced the best fit to these data was one that contained correlated positive item uniquenesses. Supporting his claim that differential responding to negative and positive self-esteem items reflects a method effect associated with reading ability, Marsh also showed that factors associated with negative and positive items were most distinct among children who had poor reading scores. We report a similar effect among a sample of older adults where the correlation between these factors was compared across two groups who were selected according to their scores on a test of verbal reasoning.

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