Introduction to “Psychology, Global Threats, Social Challenge, 					and the COVID-19 Pandemic: European Perspectives”

The aging is not only a personal but also a social challenge from several aspects, several dimensions; a challenge aiming to build system approaches and solutions with a long term importance. Aims: the main aim of this research is to investigate the conditions and challenges in the modern living of the old people, primarily in terms of the social care. However, this research is concentrated on a big group of the population and their challenges are the most intensive in the modern living. The investigation of the conditions and challenges in the aging are basis and encouragement in realizing the progressive approaches in order to improve the modern living of the old people. The practical aim of the research is a deep investigation and finding important data, analyzing the basic indicators of the conditions, needs and challenges in order to facilitate the old population to get ready for the new life. Methods and techniques: Taking into consideration the complexity of the research problem, the basic methodological approach is performed dominantly by descriptive-analytical method. The basic instrument for getting data in the research is the questionnaire with leading interview for the old people. Results: The research showed that the old people over 70-79 years old in a bigger percentage manifested difficulties primarily related to the functional dependency, respectively 39,33 % of the participants in this category showed concern about some specific functional dependency from the offered categories. The percentage of the stomach diseases with 38,33 % is important, as well as the kidney diseases with 32,83% related to the total population and the category of the old people over 80. Conclusion: The old people very often accept the life as it is, often finding things fulfilled with tolerance and satisfaction. However the health problems of the old people are characterized with a dominant representation. The chronic diseases and the diseases characteristic for the aging are challenge in organizing adequate protection which addresses to taking appropriate regulations, programs and activities.

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Assessment of Poverty by Municipalities in the Context of Population Ageing—The Case of Małopolskie Voivodeship

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052563 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2563

Author(s):

Małgorzata Ćwiek ◽

Katarzyna Maj-Waśniowska ◽

Katarzyna Stabryła-Chudzio

Keyword(s):

The Elderly ◽

Research Problem ◽

Point Of View ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Chi Square ◽

Social Challenge ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Qualitative Variables ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Research Gap

This article undertakes the research problem of the assessment of the significance of poverty as a social challenge for local self-government units, and the differences in the assessment of the incidence of this phenomenon depending on the type of municipality. The authors also analyse the relationships between the ageing of the population and the assessment of the extent of poverty by municipalities. It must be pointed out that the undertaken problem has not been a subject of in-depth analysis thus far. Hence, this article fills the identified research gap in this field. The empirical part is based on the results of our own research, conducted using the Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) method on a sample of 144 municipalities of the Małopolskie Voivodship (Poland). In order to verify whether there is a relationship between the researched qualitative variables, the chi-square test of independence was used. In order to determine the relationships occurring between the categories of variables characterising the scale of the incidence of poverty and the remaining variables, a correspondence analysis was conducted. The research enabled us to find the issue of poverty to be one of the most important social problems from the point of view of municipalities. It is also worth noting that the degree of ageing in the population has an impact on the assessment of poverty among the elderly.

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Missing Girls or Hidden Girls? A Comment on Shi and Kennedy's “Delayed Registration and Identifying the ‘Missing Girls’ in China”

The China Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0305741017001060 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 231 ◽

pp. 797-803 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yong Cai

Keyword(s):

Political System ◽

Census Data ◽

Numerical Estimate ◽

Short Note ◽

Foreseeable Future ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Data Manipulation ◽

Social Challenge ◽

Education Statistics ◽

Lines Of Evidence

In a recent article published in this journal, Yaojiang Shi and John Kennedy suggest that China's missing girls problem is much more a statistical artefact than previously known. According to their analysis, unreported female births, or hidden girls, account for 73 per cent of the 15 million missing girls from the 1990–2010 birth cohorts in the 2010 census. Their conclusion is based in part on their fieldwork, but the numerical estimate is grounded on their understanding and analyses of Chinese census data. While the insights from their fieldwork – that China's political system leaves ample room for data manipulation and delayed registration – cannot be faulted, Shi and Kennedy's analyses of Chinese census data are questionable and their conclusion is in contradiction with the “missing girls” shown in other data sources. In this short note, I present three lines of evidence to challenge Shi and Kennedy's conclusion: one from the censuses, one from official education statistics, and one from survey data. For the sake of clarity, I use two terms to describe missing girls: nominal missing – the number of missing girls as revealed by population statistics, and truly missing – the number of missing girls excluding those hidden (unreported) girls. My conclusion backs the conventional wisdom about the missing girls phenomenon in China: the elevated sex ratios in Chinese population, or “missing girls,” is not a statistical artefact, but a real social challenge that China has to face for now and for the foreseeable future.

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The Problem of Christian Unity in Early Nineteenth-Century America

Church History ◽

10.2307/3162537 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 3-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lefferts A. Loetscher

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

American Revolution ◽

Early Nineteenth Century ◽

Nineteenth Century America ◽

Social Challenge ◽

Atlantic Community ◽

Christian Unity ◽

Aggressive Attack

American Protestants in the early nineteenth century faced intellectual and social challenge which made conspicuous the weakness of their own divided condition. The American Revolution—which was part of a larger upheaval in the Atlantic Community—had spread Enlightenment ideas, with their aggressive attack on orthodoxy. Quite typical was the lament of a convention of Massachusetts Congregational ministers in 1799 over “the present decay of Christian morals and piety, and the awful prevalence of speculative and practical infidelity.” Well before the middle eighteen-thirties the tide of deism had ebbed, but some, like the editors of the new Christian Review, were still building sea walls against it.

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The subjective well-being of older adults in Shanghai: The role of residential environment and individual resources

Urban Studies ◽

10.1177/0042098016630512 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (7) ◽

pp. 1692-1714 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yafei Liu ◽

Martin Dijst ◽

Stan Geertman

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Economic Status ◽

Residential Building ◽

Well Being ◽

Residential Environment ◽

Ageing Population ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

The Public ◽

Environmental Correlates ◽

Social Challenge

As a rapidly ageing population becomes an increasingly serious social challenge for Chinese megacities, issues affecting older adults’ subjective well-being (SWB) attract greater concern. However, it is difficult to gain a comprehensive understanding of older adults’ SWB, since most SWB theories focus only on specific factors. Moreover, residential environmental factors are hardly considered in studies of older adults’ SWB. In this paper we therefore investigate the effects of residential environment and individual resources on the SWB of older adults in Shanghai, using the integrative theoretical framework proposed by Lindenberg. We investigate the relationships between resources (residential environment and individual resources), needs satisfaction and SWB using multiple regression analysis. Our results show that the residential environment exerts a stronger impact on SWB than individual resources. Good quality residential building, good accessibility to medical and financial facilities, higher economic status of a neighbourhood, and a lower proportion of older adults in a neighbourhood are important environmental correlates of SWB. Health appears to be the most significant individual resource; other important individual resources include household income, a high-skilled occupation, a job in the public sector and living with grandchildren. Comfort is the most important basic need for older adults.

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POLYTECHNIC EDUCATION AS A SOCIAL CHALLENGE

Pedagogical Education in Russia ◽

10.26170/po18-11-03 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 19-30

Author(s):

Elena Vasil'yevna Ospennikova ◽

Ivan Vadimovich Il'in ◽

Andrey Anatol'yevich Ospennikov

Keyword(s):

Social Challenge

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Sex steroid hormones modulate responses to social challenge and opportunity in males of the monogamous convict cichlid, Amatitliana nigrofasciata

General and Comparative Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.04.031 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 189 ◽

pp. 59-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Anna K. Sessa ◽

Rayna M. Harris ◽

Hans A. Hofmann

Keyword(s):

Steroid Hormones ◽

Sex Steroid Hormones ◽

Sex Steroid ◽

Convict Cichlid ◽

Social Challenge

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Reformation: a Two-edged Sword in the Cause of the Ministry of Women

Feminist Theology ◽

10.1177/0966735017711870 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 19-33

Author(s):

Fleur Houston

Keyword(s):

Social Life ◽

Social Systems ◽

Logical Consequence ◽

Social Model ◽

Human Beings ◽

Women's Ministry ◽

The Bible ◽

Social Challenge ◽

Normative Expectations ◽

God's Grace

When Martin Luther mounted an attack on the industry of Indulgences, he affirmed key Reformation principles: human beings are saved by God’s grace alone and the priesthood of all the baptised gives all followers of Christ equal status. This was in conformity with an earlier generation of reformers who saw the Bible as ultimate authority and witnessed to biblical truth against corruption. The logical consequence of this should have been the enabling of women who were so disposed to exercise a theological vocation. In practice, the resulting rupture in religious and social life often affected women for the worse. Educational formation and leadership opportunities were restricted by the closure of convents. While the trade guilds, with their tightly regulated social systems, did not allow scope for women who transgressed normative expectations, their suppression was not necessarily liberating for women. The new social model of the home replaced that of convent and guild and marriage was exalted in place of celibacy. Changes in devotional practice involved loss and gain. Women who did not conform to the domestic norm were treated at best with misogyny and female prophets of the radical Reformation paid for their convictions with their lives. In education, leadership, piety and radical social challenge, women’s options were restricted. However, the key Reformation principles ultimately enabled the development of women’s ministry which was marked by the ordination of Constance Todd 400 years later.

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