Personality Differences in Emotions

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiting Ng ◽  
Ed Diener
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Laboratory Situation

In Study 1, individuals high in neuroticism (high N) felt more negative and experienced less decrease of their negative emotions than individuals low in Neuroticism (low N) when extremely unpleasant hypothetical scenarios improved. Study 2 also found that high N individuals felt more negative than low N in a slightly unpleasant laboratory situation, and that individuals high in Extraversion (high E) felt more positive than individuals low in Extraversion (low E) in a slightly pleasant laboratory situation. The present studies also confirmed that high N individuals were less likely to repair negative emotions than low N, and high E individuals were more likely to savor positive emotions than low E. These attempts at negative and positive emotion regulation predicted negative and positive emotional reactions, respectively, and accounted for the trait differences in emotions. Hence, there is evidence that differences in negative emotion regulation mediated the relation between Neuroticism and negative emotions, and differences in positive emotion regulation mediated the relation between Extraversion and positive emotions.

scholarly journals Emotion Goals: What Do Sexual Offenders Want to Feel?

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 2611-2629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Garofalo ◽  
Belén López-Pérez ◽  
Michaela Gummerum ◽  
Yaniv Hanoch ◽  
Maya Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Perceived Utility ◽  
Emotional Dysfunction

Sexual offenders typically experience more negative emotions and greater difficulties in regulating emotions than non-offenders. However, limited data exist on what sexual offenders want to feel (i.e., their emotion goals). Notably, emotion goals play a key role in emotion regulation and contribute to emotional experience. The present study tested whether sexual offenders ( N = 31) reported higher scores for negative emotion goals and lower scores for positive emotion goals, compared with general offenders ( N = 26) and non-offenders ( N = 26). In addition, we tested whether sexual offenders differed from the other two groups in their perceived pleasantness and perceived utility of emotions. Sexual offenders reported greater scores for the emotion goal of sadness, and lower scores for the emotion goal of excitement, compared with both general offenders and non-offenders. State and trait levels of these emotions could not fully account for these differences. Furthermore, sexual offenders reported lower perceived pleasantness for sadness than general offenders and lower perceived pleasantness for excitement compared with both other groups. Finally, sexual offenders reported greater perceived utility of sadness than non-offenders. These novel findings and their implications for research and interventions are discussed in the context of sexual offenders’ emotional dysfunction.

Positive and Negative Emotion Goals in Psychopathology

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Yael Millgram ◽  
Maya Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Some forms of psychopathology involve deficits in emotion regulation. Whereas prior research has focused on identifying maladaptive emotion regulation strategies among people who are diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, this research focuses on identifying maladaptive emotion regulation goals. This chapter discusses preferences for sadness and happiness in clinical depression, a disorder characterized by the prevalence of negative emotions and the paucity of positive emotions. The chapter reviews empirical evidence suggesting that depressed individuals are more likely to direct emotion regulation toward increasing negative emotions rather than decreasing them. Next explored are possible maladaptive emotion regulation goals in other psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder. Finally discussed are the implications of these new ideas for research and practice in psychopathology.

EXPRESS: The Influence of Movement on Negative and Positive Emotional Responses to Animals

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110493
Author(s):  
Krystal Shea St. Peter ◽  
Laura L Vernon ◽  
Alan Kersten
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Still Images

Two studies were conducted to explore whether the addition of animal movement would influence the intensity of emotional reactions toward that animal. Both studies compared self-reported emotional reactions to still images and videos for six animal categories (snakes, spiders, rodents, hoofed animals, animals with flippers, and turtles). In Study 1, participants reported fear and disgust to the animal stimuli, which were averaged into a single negative emotion rating. In Study 2, participants reported either fear and disgust or joy and affection to the animal stimuli, which were averaged into either a single negative or positive emotion rating. Upon combining the reported emotions from the two studies, movement was found to increase negative emotion reported to snakes and spiders and decrease negative emotion reported to rodents, hoofed animals, and animals with flippers. Results from Study 2 indicated that movement increased reported positive emotions to all six animal categories. Our findings suggest that animal movement is an important component of emotional reactions to animals.

scholarly journals Effect of Cognitive Variables and Emotional Variables on Urban Residents’ Recycled Water Reuse Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Gao ◽  
Zhiguo Li ◽  
Kashif Khan
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Emotional Factors

Urban residents’ perception of recycled water reuse is the foundation for the realization of recycled water reuse behavior. However, even though the perception factor is equipped, it does not mean that urban residents will use recycled water continuously for sure. Therefore, in this research, the authors try to put cognitive factors and emotional factors into a unified behavioral process. Based on this theory framework, the paper will interpret the initiation, formation and continuing process of recycled water reuse behavior of urban residents. On the basis of previous studies, this study established a theoretical model to study the influence of cognitive factors and emotional factors on recycled water reuse behavior of the residents. Based on the data of 325 samples, the direct and indirect relationship between the variables in the model is verified through path analysis and mediation analysis. The empirical results show that: firstly, the urban residents’ perception of recycled water reuse can activate their emotion for recycled water, and the emotion includes both positive emotion and negative emotion; secondly, although the recognition of recycled water can stimulate both positive and negative emotional factors, there are great differences between positive and negative emotions on the initiation, formation and sustainability of recycled water behavior. Negative emotion has a certain effect on the initiation of recycled water reuse behavior, but it has no significant effect on the formation and sustainability of recycled water reuse behavior. By contrast, positive emotion has no significant effect on the initiation of recycled water reuse behavior, but it has a significant effect on the formation and sustainability of recycled water reuse behavior. That is to say, at different stages, the recycled water reuse behaviors are affected differently by positive emotions and negative emotions. Thirdly, compared with negative emotional variables, positive emotions have a greater impact on individual recycled water reuse behavior. Positive emotional variables can significantly mediate the impact of cognitive variables on recycled water reuse behavior habits. In other words, positive emotions play a vital role in the sustainability of recycled water reuse.

Comment: Homing in on a Balanced Psychology

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
Jeff T. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
To Come ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

Hernandez et al.’s (2018) review provides clear evidence that positive affect can contribute to well-being and fits nicely within the positive psychology framework. The emergence of positive psychology has been valuable for understanding well-being, but I suggest that a balanced psychology can prove even more valuable in the years to come. A balanced psychology requires giving as much attention to negative emotion as to positive emotion. It also requires considering whether there are circumstances in which positive emotions can be detrimental and negative emotions can be beneficial. Along those lines, evidence reviewed here indicates that healthy coping with severe stressors involves experiencing a combination of positive and negative emotions.

scholarly journals Research on the Influence of Visual Factors on Emotion Regulation Interaction

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Xiong ◽  
Xinyu Weng ◽  
Yu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Complex Emotions ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
Emotional Value

To guide the design direction of emotion regulation products that improve the positive emotions of users, investigation into the correlation between relevant visual factors and multi-dimensional complex emotions is needed. In the present study, an extended product emotion measurement method was adopted to describe the multi-dimensional emotional set of each influencing factor and calculate their weight according to the order. The positive and negative emotion indicators of all influencing factors were compared and the evaluation and ranking factors that affect users’ emotional value of emotion regulation products were analyzed. The experimental results reveal that specific emotion mapping scenes on positive emotion are the most significant among the key factors affecting user emotion. Further, the influence of emotional stickers, interactive data visualization, and text on positive emotions decreased in turn. The influence of emotional text on positive emotion was the lowest. Through investigating the visual factors that affect the psychological emotions of users, the development of emotion regulating products could be guided in a more scientific and reasonable manner.

From “Aha!” to “Haha!” Using Humor to Cope with Negative Stimuli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Wu ◽  
Tingting Guo ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Tzu-Yi Hong ◽  
Chou-Ming Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Negative Stimuli

Abstract Humor has been considered an effective emotion regulation strategy, and some behavioral studies have examined its superior effects on negative emotion regulation. However, its neural mechanisms remain unknown. Our functional magnetic resonance imaging study directly compared the emotion regulation effects and neural bases of humorous coping (reappraisal) and ordinary reappraisal following exposure to negative pictures. The behavioral results suggested that humorous reappraisal was more effective in downregulating negative emotions and upregulating positive emotions both in the short and long term. We also found 2 cooperative neural pathways involved in coping with negative stimuli by means of humor: the “hippocampal–thalamic–frontal pathway” and the “amygdala–cerebellar pathway.” The former is associated with the restructuring of mental representations of negative situations and accompanied by an insightful (“Aha!”) experience, while the latter is associated with humorous emotional release and accompanied by an expression of laughter (“Haha!”). Furthermore, the degree of hippocampal functional connectivity with both the thalamus and frontal cortex was positively correlated with changes in positive emotion, and this result implied that the degree of emotion regulation could be strongly directly related to the depth of cognitive reconstruction. These findings highlight that regulating negative emotions with humor involves cognitive restructuring and the release of positive emotions.

scholarly journals Sleep quality is associated with the experience and adaptive regulation of positive emotion: an experience sampling study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Elizabeth Parsons ◽  
Beatrice Ellen Schofield ◽  
Sofia Batziou ◽  
Camilla Ward ◽  
Katherine Seaton Young
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

Poor sleep patterns have been strongly linked to disrupted emotional experiences. Emotion regulation, defined as the capacity to manage one’s own emotional responses, is comprised of strategies to increase, maintain, or decrease the intensity, duration, and trajectory of positive and negative emotions. Poor sleep has been identified as a risk factor for emotional dysregulation, but most of the focus has been on negative emotion regulation. We therefore asked whether natural variations in sleep are associated with the experience and regulation of both positive and negative emotion. Young adults, aged between 18-24 years, (n = 101) completed seven-days of ecological momentary assessments using a smartphone application. Duration and quality of the previous night’s sleep was reported each morning. Levels of positive and negative emotions, and the strategies used to regulate emotions, were measured at pseudo-random timepoints four times a day. Multilevel modelling indicated that higher self-reported sleep quality was significantly associated with increased intensity and duration of positive emotion, and decreased intensity of negative emotion. Sleep quality, and not sleep duration, was also associated with reported use of adaptive positive emotion regulation strategies. For negative emotion regulation strategy use, we found no associations with sleep quality or duration. Naturally occurring fluctuations in daily sleep quality may be important for the experience and regulation of positive emotion in young adults. These findings emphasise the need to examine both positive and negative emotion, and emotion regulation to understand the links between sleep and mood.

Personal sense of power, emotion and compliance in the workplace: a moderated mediation approach

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roni Laslo-Roth ◽  
Tomer Schmidt-Barad
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Emotions In The Workplace ◽  
Sense Of Power

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between personal sense of power (PSP) and compliance as a function of the interaction between negative emotion intensity and emotion regulation tactics. Design/methodology/approach First, hypotheses linking PSP to different emotional reactions and to different levels of compliance with two types of conflict management styles were formulated. Subsequently, data were collected in three waves with a five-week interval between them to test the hypotheses. Findings Results based on principle component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that workers with high PSP reported lower internalized negative emotions (negative emotions directed to the self) in the workplace and were less inclined to comply with harsh tactics, in comparison to workers with low PSP. The importance of emotional components (suppression and negative emotions in the workplace) was underscored by the moderated mediation model: internalized negative emotions mediated the association between PSP and compliance with harsh tactics as a function of level of suppression such that the link between negative affect and compliance was negative only under high suppression, but not under low suppression. Research limitations/implications The findings point to the deleterious influence of high emotional suppression of negative emotions on study behaviors, especially for employees with a low sense of power. Because the data were collected from a single source, which could raise concerns about common method variance and social desirability bias, future study should examine other-reports. Practical implications Recruitment and training of employees and managers should aim to create an open and safe organizational environment that encourages emotional expression and lessens emotional suppression. Social implications The findings can help develop empowering interventional programs to coach employees to use suppression in an adaptive manner. Originality/value The current study sheds new light on the relationships between PSP and compliance from the emotion regulation perspective.

scholarly journals Positive and Negative Emotions and Nonattachment in Vietnamese Buddhists

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Hang T. M. Nguyen ◽  
Hoang V. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Buddhist Practice ◽  
Lay People

Several research has shown that nonattachment, a Buddhist practice, could reduce negative emotions and improve positive emotions (Sahdra & Shaver, 2013; Sahdra, Shaver, & Brown, 2010; Wang, Wong, & Yeh, 2016; Wendling, 2012). We aimed to explore such influences in a sample of Vietnamese Buddhists (N = 472). Our methods included the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger et al., 1983), the Nonattachment Scale (NAS; Sahdra et al., 2010), and a demographic and religious questionnaire. Results showed that positive emotion scores (M = 2.89, SD = .502) of participants were significantly higher than that of their negative emotion scores (M = 2.10, SD = .587, p < .001). People with strong religious commitment such as monks, lay-people who practiced at pagoda, and lay-people who practiced with sangha had higher positive emotion scores and less negative emotion scores than those whose religious commitment were weak. Nonattachment was positively correlated with positive emotions (r = .47, p < .01) and negatively correlated with negative emotions (r = -.37, p < .01). Nonattachment could also explain 21.7% positive emotions variance (p < .001) and 12.4% negative emotions variance (p < .001). Nonattachment and religious commitment could, therefore, influence greatly positive emotions in Buddhists. This result suggested a discussion about applying nonattachment to prevent emotional problems and improve psychological well-being.

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