One- Through Six-Component Solutions from Ratings on Familiar English Personality-Descriptive Adjectives

We report solutions for one through six components for self-ratings (N = 559) on 449 familiar English personality-descriptive adjectives (see Lee & Ashton, 2008 ). The first unrotated component mainly contrasted desirable with undesirable characteristics. The varimax-rotated two-component solution contained dimensions closely resembling the Social Self-Regulation and Dynamism constructs of Saucier et al. (2014) . The three-component solution contained dimensions closely resembling the Affiliation, Dynamism, and Order constructs of De Raad et al. (2014) . In the four-component solution, an Emotional Stability dimension emerged, absorbing some variance from dimensions of the three-component solution. The five-component solution added an Intellect/Imagination/Unconventionality (Openness) component, and thus resembled the classic Big Five structure (e.g., Goldberg, 1990 ). In the six-component solution, the variance of the Big Five Agreeableness and Emotional Stability components was reorganized, producing components corresponding to HEXACO Agreeableness and to rotated variants of HEXACO Emotionality and Honesty-Humility. Solutions based on peer ratings (N = 303) were generally similar to those based on self-ratings, but showed a much larger first unrotated component.

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Taxonomy and structure of Croatian personality‐descriptive adjectives

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.539 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 117-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Boris Mlačić ◽

Fritz Ostendorf

Keyword(s):

Big Five ◽

Emotional Stability ◽

Data Sets ◽

Peer Ratings ◽

Factor Content ◽

The Third ◽

Five Factors ◽

Big Five Factors ◽

Lexical Factors

This paper describes the development of a comprehensive taxonomy of Croatian personality‐descriptive terms, organized in three studies. In the first study three judges searched through a standard dictionary of the Croatian language for person‐descriptive terms. In the second study, personality‐descriptive adjectives were classified by seven judges into 13 different categories of descriptors. In the third study, the 483 adjectives that the majority of judges in the second study classified as dispositions were rated for self‐descriptions by 515 University of Zagreb students and for peer‐descriptions by 513 students' best acquaintances. Self‐ and peer ratings were factor analysed separately and the Croatian emic lexical factors from both data sets were interpreted to be similar to the Big‐Five factors: Agreeableness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Intellect, and Emotional Stability. The inspection of factor content of the Croatian emic factors and their relation to imported Big‐Five measures revealed high correspondences for all five Croatian factors although the relation between the Croatian and the imported factors of Emotional Stability and Agreeableness was somewhat more complex. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Two measures of self-regulation for young adults and late adolescents in the academic and social domains

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/0165025412462153 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 476-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

John Geldhof ◽

Todd D. Little ◽

Patricia H. Hawley

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

External Validity ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Social Self ◽

Late Adolescents ◽

Domain Specific ◽

The Social ◽

Two Measures ◽

Using Data ◽

Internal And External Validity

In this paper we present domain-specific measures of academic and social self-regulation in young adults. We base our scales on Baltes and colleagues’ Selection, Optimization, and Compensation (SOC) model, and establish the factor structure of our new measures using data collected from a sample of 152 college students. We then compare the predictive validity of our scales to that of a domain-general version of the original SOC questionnaire. Our results support the internal and external validity of the academic SOC scale, although support for the social SOC scale is more tentative than support for our academic measure. We discuss these scales as useful supplements to the existing SOC questionnaire.

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The structure of social effects: Personality as impact on others

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.761 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 222-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gerard Saucier

Keyword(s):

Big Five ◽

Social World ◽

Social Effects ◽

Personality Structure ◽

Social Effect ◽

Peer Ratings ◽

Correlation Analyses ◽

The Social

Social‐effect descriptors (like charming and annoying) register the individual's footprint on the social world. Highly prototypical social‐effects terms in English were identified and factor‐analysed in peer‐ratings, with comparisons to the same procedures in self‐ratings. Two internally replicated factors were highly interpretable. They reflect the extent to which a person is a source of pleasure to others, or alternatively is a source of pain to others. The factors are linked to hedonic principles and basic appraisal tendencies. Extension‐correlation analyses indicated that variation in social‐effects dimensions is represented diffusely in Big Five and six‐factor measures, but corresponds more directly to variation in a Big Two personality structure that has previously been found to arise rather ubiquitously across cultures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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The Questionnaire Big Six in 26 Nations: Developing Cross–Culturally Applicable Big Six, Big Five and Big Two Inventories

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.1969 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 482-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Amber Gayle Thalmayer ◽

Gerard Saucier

Keyword(s):

Big Five ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Social Self ◽

Personality Psychology ◽

Cultural Research ◽

Two Measures ◽

Cultural Usability ◽

Fit Index ◽

Big Six

The Big Five is a useful model of attributes now commonly used in cross–cultural research, but without the support of strong measurement invariance (MI) evidence. The Big Six has been proposed as a cross–culturally informed update, and the broader Big Two (Social Self–Regulation and Dynamism) draws on even more cross–cultural evidence. However, neither has been rigorously tested for cross–cultural MI. Here a Big Six inventory (36QB6) and measures of the Big Five and Big Two derived from it were tested and refined for cross–cultural usability in samples from 26 nations, divided into three subsets. Confirmatory factor analysis of the models in the first subset of nations demonstrated fit as strong in translation as typical personality measures achieve in their nation of origin (although poor per standard benchmarks). Items that performed inconsistently across cultures were removed, and alternates considered in a second subset of nations. Fit and invariance were improved for refined 30–item QB6, 25–item Big Five and 14–item Big Two measures in the third subset of nations. For all models, decrease in comparative fit index between MI levels was larger than .01, indicating lack of support for higher levels. Configural and factorial invariance were relatively stronger, compared to scalar and full. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Taxonomy and structure of the Polish personality lexicon

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.635 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 823-852 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Piotr Szarota ◽

Michael C. Ashton ◽

Kibeom Lee

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Big Five ◽

Emotional Stability ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Openness To Experience ◽

Factor Solution ◽

Peer Ratings ◽

The Cross ◽

Cross Language

We identified 1839 person‐descriptive adjectives from a Polish dictionary, and 10 judges classified those adjectives into five descriptive categories. Two hundred ninety adjectives (16 per cent) were classified by most judges as ‘Dispositions’ (i.e. relatively stable personality traits and abilities). We examined the structure of those 290 adjectives in self‐ratings from 350 respondents. In the five‐factor solution, two dimensions closely resembled Big Five Conscientiousness and Agreeableness, and two others represented rotated variants of Extraversion and Emotional Stability. The fifth factor was dominated by Intellect, containing little Imagination and no Unconventionality content. A six‐factor solution closely resembled the cross‐language HEXACO structure (but with ‘Intellect’ rather than ‘Openness to Experience’). Analyses of 369 peer ratings revealed five‐ and six‐factor solutions nearly identical to those of self‐ratings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Social Desirability in Personality Inventories

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000138 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 144-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Martin Bäckström ◽

Fredrik Björklund

Keyword(s):

Social Desirability ◽

Big Five ◽

Work Performance ◽

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Peer Ratings ◽

Personality Inventories ◽

Model Study ◽

The Difference ◽

New Variables

The difference between evaluatively loaded and evaluatively neutralized five-factor inventory items was used to create new variables, one for each factor in the five-factor model. Study 1 showed that these variables can be represented in terms of a general evaluative factor which is related to social desirability measures and indicated that the factor may equally well be represented as separate from the Big Five as superordinate to them. Study 2 revealed an evaluative factor in self-ratings and peer ratings of the Big Five, but the evaluative factor in self-reports did not correlate with such a factor in ratings by peers. In Study 3 the evaluative factor contributed above the Big Five in predicting work performance, indicating a substance component. The results are discussed in relation to measurement issues and self-serving biases.

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I Want to Be Like You

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335/a000090 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 115-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christina Matschke ◽

Kai Sassenberg

Keyword(s):

Social Identity ◽

Identity Development ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Active Role ◽

Social Identification ◽

Social Self ◽

Approach And Avoidance ◽

Internal Motivation ◽

Avoidance Strategies ◽

Social Identity Development

Entering a new group provides the potential of forming a new social identity. Starting from self-regulation models, we propose that goals (e.g., internal motivation to enter the group), strategies (e.g., approach and avoidance strategies), and events (e.g., the group’s response) affect the development of the social self. In two studies we manipulated the group’s response (acceptance vs. rejection) and assessed internal motivation as well as approach and avoidance strategies. It was expected, and we found, that when newcomers are accepted, their use of approach strategies (but not avoidance strategies) facilitates social identification. In line with self-completion theory, for highly internally motivated individuals approach strategies facilitated social identification even upon rejection. The results underline the active role of newcomers in their social identity development.

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