A Test of Three Sadism Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana M. Dinić ◽  
Tara Bulut Allred ◽  
Boban Petrović ◽  
Anja Wertag
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Profile Similarity ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate psychometric properties of three sadism scales: Short Sadistic Impulse Scale (SSIS), Varieties of Sadistic Tendencies (VAST, which measures direct and vicarious sadism), and Assessment of Sadistic Personality (ASP). Sample included 443 participants (50.1% men) from the general population. Reliability based on internal consistency of all scales was good, and results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed that all three scales had acceptable fit indices for the proposed structure. Results of Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis showed that all three scales had higher measurement precision (information) in above-average scores. Validity of the scales was supported through moderate to high positive correlations with the Dark Triad traits, especially psychopathy, as well as positive correlations with aggressiveness and negative with Honesty-Humility. Moreover, results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that all three measures of direct, but not vicarious sadism, contributed significantly above and beyond other Dark Triad traits to the prediction of increased positive attitudes toward dangerous social groups. The profile similarity index showed that the SSIS and the ASP were highly overlapping, while vicarious sadism seems distinct from other sadism scales.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Long and Short Forms of the Worry Domains Questionnaire

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-243
Author(s):  
Roberto Nuevo ◽  
Andrés Losada ◽  
María Márquez-González ◽  
Cecilia Peñacoba
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Short Forms ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Future Work

The Worry Domains Questionnaire was proposed as a measure of both pathological and nonpathological worry, and assesses the frequency of worrying about five different domains: relationships, lack of confidence, aimless future, work, and financial. The present study analyzed the factor structure of the long and short forms of the WDQ (WDQ and WDQ-SF, respectively) through confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 262 students (M age = 21.8; SD = 2.6; 86.3% females). While the goodness-of-fit indices did not provide support for the WDQ, good fit indices were found for the WDQ-SF. Furthermore, no source of misspecification was identified, thus, supporting the factorial validity of the WDQ-SF scale. Significant positive correlations between the WDQ-SF and its subscales with worry (PSWQ), anxiety (STAI-T), and depression (BDI) were found. The internal consistency was good for the total scale and for the subscales. This work provides support for the use of the WDQ-SF, and potential uses for research and clinical purposes are discussed.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Emotional Competence Inventory - Short Revised Version (ECI-R)

Psico-USF ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-532
Author(s):  
José Maurício Haas Bueno ◽  
Fernanda Maria de Lira Correia ◽  
Evandro Morais Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Emotional Competence ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Intelligence Theory ◽  
Disproportionate Number

Abstract A previous study presented the Emotional Competence Inventory, which was designed with basis on the emotional intelligence theory. It was very long and had a disproportionate number of items for each factor. Therefore, this study aimed to seek for validity evidence based on its internal structure and carry out an analysis of items of the short version of the instrument supported by the Item Response Theory (IRT). The study included 626 Brazilian participants with a mean age of 24.8 years (SD = 8.2). They were predominantly females (68.5%) who answered to the 34 items in the instrument. A confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit indices, thus confirming the original structure of the instrument. IRT analyses also resulted in good fit indices and revealed the aspects involved in the increased difficulty of the items in each scale. It was concluded that the instrument shows good psychometric properties and can be recommended for research purposes.

scholarly journals The Dark Triad of personality and attitudes toward cognitive enhancement

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Mayor ◽  
Maxime Daehne ◽  
Renzo Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Cognitive Enhancement ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Trait Competitiveness

Abstract Background Cognitive enhancement (CE) refers to the voluntary improvement of human cognitive capabilities. Few studies have examined the general attitude of the public towards CE. Such studies have suggested that the use of CE is considered largely unacceptable by the public. In parallel, past research indicates that individuals scoring high on the Dark Triad of personality (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and competitiveness have atypical views of ethical questions. In this study, we examined (a) whether attitudes towards CE are associated with individual differences in the Dark Triad of personality as well as in trait and contextual competitiveness and (b) whether the Dark Triad moderates the effect of trait and contextual competitiveness on attitudes towards CE. Method US employees (N = 326) were recruited using Mechanical Turk. Participants completed a web survey. Data were analyzed by means of (robust) hierarchical regression and (robust) ANCOVAs. Results The Dark Triad of personality and one of its subscales, Machiavellianism, predicted positive attitudes towards CE. Neither trait competitiveness nor contextual competitiveness were linked to general attitudes towards CE, but the DT was a positive moderator of the association between contextual competitiveness and positive attitudes. Conclusion Our findings extend the incipient knowledge about the factors relating to favourable views of CE by highlighting the role of dark personality traits in shaping such views. Our study further shows contextual factors can play a differentiated role with respect to such attitudes depending upon dark personality traits. Implications for policy-making are discussed.

Context and Validation of the Subjective Underemployment Scale Among Turkish Employees

2020 ◽  
pp. 106907272096154
Author(s):  
Aysenur Buyukgoze-Kavas ◽  
Blake A. Allan ◽  
Merve Turan ◽  
Furkan Kirazci
Keyword(s):  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Temporary Work ◽  
Turkish Version ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Wage Employment ◽  
Positive Correlations

The purpose of the current study was to validate the Turkish version of the Subjective Underemployment Scales (SUS; Allan et al., 2017), a recently developed measure aimed at assessing the six components of underemployment: pay, status, field, hours, involuntary temporary work, and poverty wage employment. The proposed six-factor structure of the SUS was empirically supported among a diverse group of Turkish employees (211 female, 190 male with a mean age of 32.31; ranging from 20 to 63). Consistent with the original study, a six-factor correlational model produced better fit indices than single factor, higher order, and bifactor model. A series of multigroup confirmatory factor analyses provided evidence for configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the SUS, suggesting that the structure of the Turkish version of the scale was equivalent across gender, income, and social class groups. The results of the correlational analyses supported validity by significant positive correlations with measures of overqualification and withdrawal intentions and significant negative correlations with measures of job satisfaction, pay satisfaction, and meaningful work. The results of the study indicated the Turkish version of the SUS (T-SUS) provided a valid and reliable assessment of underemployment among Turkish employees. Also, findings of the present study help to gain an understanding of subjective underemployment experiences of Turkish employees and provide a framework for practitioners; employers, researchers, and policymakers to determine potential need for improvement through components of underemployment.

scholarly journals Development and Initial Validation of the PILCAST Questionnaire: Understanding Parents’ Intentions to Let Their Child Cycle or Walk to School

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11651
Author(s):  
Hanna Forsberg ◽  
Anna-Karin Lindqvist ◽  
Sonja Forward ◽  
Lars Nyberg ◽  
Stina Rutberg
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Descriptive Norms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Past Behavior ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Walk To School

Children generally do not meet the recommendation of 60 min of daily physical activity (PA); therefore, active school transportation (AST) is an opportunity to increase PA. To promote AST, the involvement of parents seems essential. Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the aim was to develop and validate the PILCAST questionnaire to understand parents’ intentions to let their child cycle or walk to school. Cross-sectional sampling was performed, where 1024 responses were collected from parents. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable fit indices for the factorial structure according to the TPB, comprising 32 items grouped in 11 latent constructs. All constructs showed satisfying reliability. The regression analysis showed that the TPB explained 55.3% of parents’ intentions to let the child cycle to school and 20.6% regarding walking, increasing by a further 18.3% and 16.6%, respectively, when past behavior was added. The most influential factors regarding cycling were facilitating perceived behavioral control, positive attitudes, subjective and descriptive norms, and for walking, subjective and descriptive norms. The PILCAST questionnaire contributes to a better understanding of the psychological antecedents involving parents’ decisions to let their child cycle or walk to school, and may therefore provide guidance when designing, implementing and evaluating interventions aiming to promote AST.

scholarly journals The psychometric properties of the Scale of Body Connection (SBC) in a Portuguese sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cide Filipe Neves ◽  
Cynthia J. Price ◽  
Ana Carvalheira
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Cognitive Distraction ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Positive Correlations

Aim The Scale of Body Connection (SBC) is a measure aimed at examining body awareness (BA), specifically awareness of inner body sensations, and bodily dissociation (BD), or the sense of separation from the body. The aim of this study was to develop a Portuguese version of the SBC. Method An online survey was completed by 445 women, with an average age of 30.47 (SD = 9.87), and 464 men, with an average age of 37.54 (SD = 12.34). Ages ranged from 18 to 72 years old. Results Results showed Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of .86 for BA and .73 for BD. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed reasonable goodness-of-fit indices (χ2/df = 9.0; GFI = .84; NFI = .72; CFI = .74; PGFI = .68; PCFI = .66; RMSEA = .09). Conclusion Positive correlations between the SBC factor scores and the scores of the General Body Dissatisfaction Scale and the Cognitive Distraction Scale confirmed convergent validity. These findings support the reliability and validity of the SBC in a Portuguese sample.

A Psychometric Study of the Quality Perception Questionnaire

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Cioffi† ◽  
Anna Coluccia ◽  
Fabio Ferretti ◽  
Francesca Lorini ◽  
Aristide Saggino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Quality Perception ◽  
Italian Survey ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Instrument Measuring ◽  
Hospital Structures

The present paper reexamines the psychometric properties of the Quality Perception Questionnaire (QPQ), an Italian survey instrument measuring patients’ perceptions of the quality of a recent hospital admission experience, in a sample of 4400 patients (Mage = 56.42 years; SD = 19.71 years, 48.8% females). The 14-item survey measures four factors: satisfaction with medical doctors, nursing staff, auxiliary staff, and hospital structures. First, we tested two models using a confirmatory factor analysis (structural equation modeling): a four orthogonal factor and a four oblique factor model. The SEM fit indices and the χ² difference suggested the acceptance of the second model. We then did a simulation using a bootstrap with 1000 replications. Results confirmed the four oblique factor solution. Third, we tested whether there were significant differences with respect to age or sex. The multivariate general linear model showed no significant differences in the factors with respect to sex or age.

Validation of the Short Dark Triad in a German Sample

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Caroline Wehner ◽  
Ulrike Maaß ◽  
Marius Leckelt ◽  
Mitja D. Back ◽  
Matthias Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Competitive Test ◽  
Three Factor ◽  
Behavioral Criteria

Abstract. The structure, correlates, and assessment of the Dark Triad are widely discussed in several fields of psychology. Based on the German version of the Short Dark Triad (SDT), we add to this by (a) providing a competitive test of existing structural models, (b) testing the nomological network, and (c) proposing an ultrashort 9-item version of the SDT (uSDT). A sample of N = 969 participants provided data on the SDT and a range of further measures. Our competitive test of five structural models revealed that fit indices and nomological network assumptions were best met in a three-factor model, with separate factors for psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism. The results provided an extensive overview of the raw, unique, and shared associations of Dark Triad dimensions with narcissism facets, sadism, impulsivity, self-esteem, sensation seeking, the Big Five, maladaptive personality traits, sociosexual orientation, and behavioral criteria. Finally, the uSDT exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties. The highest overlap in expected relations between SDT and uSDT, and convergent and discriminant measures was also found for the three-factor model. Our study underlines the utility of a three-factor model of the Dark Triad, extends findings on its nomological network, and provides an ultrashort instrument.

The Measurement Invariance of the Short Dark Triad

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Mihaela Grigoraș ◽  
Andreea Butucescu ◽  
Amalia Miulescu ◽  
Cristian Opariuc-Dan ◽  
Dragoș Iliescu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
High Stake ◽  
Differential Functioning ◽  
Item Functioning

Abstract. Given the fact that most of the dark personality measures are developed based on data collected in low-stake settings, the present study addresses the appropriateness of their use in high-stake contexts. Specifically, we examined item- and scale-level differential functioning of the Short Dark Triad (SD3; Paulhus & Jones, 2011 ) measure across testing contexts. The Short Dark Triad was administered to applicant ( N = 457) and non-applicant ( N = 592) samples. Item- and scale-level invariances were tested using an Item Response Theory (IRT)-based approach and a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach, respectively. Results show that more than half of the SD3 items were flagged for Differential Item Functioning (DIF), and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) results supported configural, but not metric invariance. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

In Search of the Prosocial Personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wertag ◽  
Denis Bratko
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

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