Fast and Not Furious?

Three studies explored whether cognitive dissonance in smokers is reduced immediately or remains constant due to the perceived health risk. Because dissonance-reducing strategies might occur very quickly and previous research has focused only on ratings concerning health risk, we additionally analyzed response latencies and psychophysiological arousal as more implicit measurements. In Study 1, 2, and 3, participants rated their smoking-related health risks twice for different diseases. Ratings, response latencies (Study 1, 2), and psychophysiological arousal (Study 3) differed during the first testing. Differences in response latencies and psychophysiological arousal diminished during the second testing, whereas ratings did not change. The results are discussed in terms of implicit methods as measurements for cognitive dissonance and in terms of prevention and intervention programs.

Download Full-text

What Influences Consumer Evaluation of Genetically Modified Foods?

Journal of Public Policy & Marketing ◽

10.1177/0743915618818168 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 263-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nguyen Pham ◽

Naomi Mandel

Keyword(s):

Health Risk ◽

Health Risks ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Perceived Health ◽

Genetically Modified Foods ◽

Persuasive Messages ◽

Potential Health ◽

Consumer Evaluation ◽

Safety Message ◽

Gm Foods

Genetically modified (GM) foods have attracted a great deal of controversy. While some consumers and organizations regard GM foods as safe, many other consumers and organizations remain concerned about their potential health risks. The results of three studies suggest that consumers respond differently to persuasive messages regarding GM foods on the basis of their preexisting attitudes. Weak anti-GM consumers tend to comply with a variety of pro-GM messages. In contrast, strong anti-GM consumers exhibit message-opposing behavior. Moreover, they respond just as negatively to a safety message (claiming that GM foods are safe) as to a risk message (claiming that GM foods are unsafe). The mechanism underlying these effects is consumers’ perceived health risk. A benefit message claiming that GM foods are beneficial (e.g., more nutritious than their conventional counterparts) is a better alternative for strong anti-GM consumers. Finally, the results suggest that persuasive messages do not significantly change pro-GM consumers’ evaluations of these foods.

Download Full-text

Australian and Korean Adolescents' Perceived Health Risk

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.101.3.816-822 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 101 (3) ◽

pp. 816-822 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Youngho Kim

Keyword(s):

Health Risk ◽

Random Sample ◽

Health Risks ◽

Risk Perceptions ◽

Perceived Health ◽

The Self ◽

English Version ◽

Korean Adolescents ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Risk Judgments

The current study identified the differences in health-risk perceptions between a random sample of 701 Australian and 874 Korean adolescents in Grades 8 to 12 who were asked to participate in a survey designed to assess their perceptions of health risk. To measure the health risks, an English version of the Self-Other Risk Judgments Profile was translated into Korean, and then the English and Korean versions were separately given the two groups. Analysis identified significant mean differences between the two groups in ratings both of risks they had and ratings of risks for others. Korean adolescents perceived their likelihood of a variety of self-health risks as substantially lower than the Australian group. Also, they rated the chances of most health risks happening to them as significantly lower than those of others in the same age compared with Australian peers.

Download Full-text

Effects of advertising features on smokers’ and non-smokers’ perceptions of a reduced nicotine cigarette modified risk tobacco product

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056441 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056441

Author(s):

Melissa Mercincavage ◽

Lauren R Pacek ◽

James Thrasher ◽

Joseph N Cappella ◽

Cristine Delnevo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Risk ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Health Risks ◽

Perceived Health ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Adult Participants ◽

Addiction Risk ◽

Lower Health ◽

The Impact ◽

Product Perception

IntroductionResearch is needed to determine the impact of marketing on perceptions and use of reduced nicotine content (RNC) cigarettes, particularly as US regulators have permitted the sale of an RNC cigarette modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) that seeks further authorisation to advertise using modified risk claims. This study examined the effects of two advertising elements (product name and disclaimer content) on perceptions of an RNC cigarette MRTP.MethodsAdult participants (n=807, 28.7% smokers, 58.2% male, 74.2% non-Latinx white) completed an online MTurk survey. Participants were randomised to view one of six RNC cigarette advertisements, using a 2×3 between-subject factorial design to manipulate product name (‘Moonlight’ vs ‘Moonrise’) and disclaimer content (industry-proposed: ‘Nicotine is addictive. Less nicotine does NOT mean a safer cigarette’ vs focused: ‘Less nicotine does NOT mean a safer cigarette’ vs no content), then completed recall and product perception questionnaires.ResultsAll participants who viewed the industry-proposed disclaimer (vs no content) perceived greater addiction risk (p’s<0.05). Non-smokers who viewed this disclaimer also perceived greater health risks and held fewer false beliefs (p’s<0.05). Smokers who viewed Moonlight (vs Moonrise) ads perceived lower health risks (p<0.05).ConclusionsDisclaimer content may effectively inform consumers about addiction risk of a new RNC cigarette MRTP, and further inform non-smokers about health risks. This element, however, had little effect on perceived health risks among smokers, among whom the Moonlight product name was associated with health risk misperceptions similar to the banned ‘light’ descriptor.

Download Full-text

Standards for Approval of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention and Intervention Programs

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e322392004-001 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Drug Abuse ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Abuse Prevention ◽

Drug Abuse Prevention ◽

Prevention And Intervention ◽

Alcohol And Drug Abuse

Download Full-text

Test Anxiety Prevention and Intervention Programs in Schools

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e604642010-001 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Leslie K. Taylor ◽

Brandon G. Scott ◽

Melinda F. Cannon ◽

Carl F. Weems ◽

Dawn M. Romano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Anxiety ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Prevention And Intervention ◽

Anxiety Prevention

Download Full-text

AUSTRALIAN AND KOREAN ADOLESCENTS' PERCEIVED HEALTH RISK

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.101.7.816-822 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 101 (7) ◽

pp. 816 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

YOUNGHO KIM

Keyword(s):

Health Risk ◽

Perceived Health ◽

Korean Adolescents

Download Full-text

To Dine, or Not to Dine on a Cruise Ship in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Tripartite Approach towards an Understanding of Behavioral Intentions among Female Passengers

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052516 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2516

Author(s):

Aleksandar Radic ◽

Michael Lück ◽

Amr Al-Ansi ◽

Bee-Lia Chua ◽

Sabrina Seeler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Risk ◽

Behavioral Intentions ◽

Reasoned Action ◽

Perceived Health ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Cruise Ship ◽

The Social ◽

Dining Services ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Cruise Line

Given that cruise line companies are rushing to restart their operations with modified dining services, the aim of this research is to establish a conceptual framework that precisely outlines female passengers’ behavioral intentions towards dining on cruise ships in the time of the COVID-19 crisis. It does so by extending the theory of reasoned action (TRA) by including the social servicescape of the cruise ship dining experiencescape (stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) paradigm) and perceived health risk from COVID-19 (the prospect theory). The developed theoretical framework based on this tripartite approach has predictive power for intentions. Its effectiveness and comprehensiveness are also demonstrated. Despite the positive effect of the social servicescape on attitude and emotions and the positive attitude of female cruise travelers, the negative effect of the perceived health risk from COVID-19 appears to be the dominant factor that ultimately discourages the behavioral intentions of female cruise passengers towards dining on a cruise ship in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The present research provides a crucial guiding framework that helps cruise academics and operators to maximize existing and potential passengers’ favorable decisions and behaviors for cruise ship dining.

Download Full-text

Anthropogenic nitrate in groundwater and its health risks in the view of background concentration in a semi arid area of Rajasthan, India

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88600-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abdur Rahman ◽

N. C. Mondal ◽

K. K. Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Health Risk ◽

Human Health ◽

Health Risks ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Probabilistic Approach ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Arid Area ◽

Oral Exposure ◽

Background Concentration ◽

Semi Arid

AbstractAn increased nitrate (NO3−) concentration in groundwater has been a rising issue on a global scale in recent years. Different consumption mechanisms clearly illustrate the adverse effects on human health. The goal of this present study is to assess the natural and anthropogenic NO3− concentrations in groundwater in a semi arid area of Rajasthan and its related risks to human health in the different groups of ages such as children, males, and females. We have found that most of the samples (n = 90) were influenced by anthropogenic activities. The background level of NO3− had been estimated as 7.2 mg/L using a probabilistic approach. About 93% of nitrate samples exceeded the background limit, while 28% of the samples were beyond the permissible limit of 45 mg/L as per the BIS limits. The results show that the oral exposure of nitrate was very high as compare to dermal contact. With regard to the non-carcinogenic health risk, the total Hazard Index (HITotal) values of groundwater nitrate were an average of 0.895 for males, 1.058 for females, and 1.214 for children. The nitrate health risk assessment shows that about 38%, 46%, and 49% of the samples constitute the non-carcinogenic health risk to males, females, and children, respectively. Children were found to be more prone to health risks due to the potential exposure to groundwater nitrate.

Download Full-text