Geographic Factors for Managing Cruise Ship Destination Port to Attraction Passenger Transfer in the Caribbean Region

The Cruise Line industry (CLI) is working on plans to recover from the economic impacts of COVID-19. Along with the expected benefits of a post COVID19 surge in cruise tourism, destination ports have an opportunity to mitigate potential impacts that come with the tourist economy. In this study, we expand on our previous work on four CLI destination sites (two in the Caribbean and two meso-American) to a larger regional study area in the Caribbean Sea and investigate the sustainability of destination marine infrastructure and near port transportation resilience. Twenty- Eight destinations were analyzed in the study. All the CLI destinations ports in the study are considered mature for cruise tourism and have tourist attractions of interest (including historic, natural, shopping, and other areas with sociocultural authenticity), which can be reached during a one day ship visit. An analysis of the marine traffic and geographic settings provides a more complete picture on key parameters that can potentially impact the commerce and livelihoods of local communities near destination ports. The results of the study also provide potential solutions for mitigating these impacts. As a baseline for fully operational cruise industry in the Caribbean Sea, the 2019 cruise year was analyzed since it was the last full year without impact from COVID-19. This paper offers a wider empirical view of CLI impacts on the Caribbean region once the industry resumes to full capacity following the COVID-19 pandemic, and it presents results and recommendations to build a framework for continued study of CLI sustainability.

Mermaids and Corporate Branding: Histories, meanings and impacts

Companies invest considerable resources into establishing meaningful and impactful brand identities, through which they build essential relationships with consumers. Several well-known consumer brands use mermaids as part of their brand identity. Perhaps no use of mermaids in branding is more ubiquitous than siren emblazoned on every Starbucks coffee cup. But Starbucks is not alone; other consumer brands, such as Chicken of the Sea, Virgin Voyages Cruise Line, and BonV!v Spiked Seltzer, incorporate mermaids as part of their brand architecture. Using the case method, this study will examine, brand by brand, the history, meaning, and impact of mermaids on particular brand identities and, thus, on the consumer relationships. This study considers the brand strategies of using mermaids and reflects on if and why these strategies have worked for the brands included in this study.

Tourism Impact on Environmental Sustainability: A Focus on the Cruise Industry

The growth of the Global Economy and in particular the Caribbean Islands has been for the last two decades fueled by the cruise shipping industry. However, the growth in this industry gives rise to the expansion in ship size and the number of destinations. Unfortunately, the cruise line industry is responsible for the largest volume of waste, pollutants and destruction to marine lives when compared to other maritime industry sector. This chapter seeks to highlight the correlation between the industry and the growing global need for vibrant economies, a high quality of life, while protecting the environment and sustaining the world’s natural resources. A review of several literature has shown that within the last twenty years, the cruise lines have invested a lot of time and money correcting the negative environmental impacts created. Several proactive and green shipping initiatives designed to improve environmental management were successfully implemented by the industry. These diverse initiatives are group as follows: Research and Innovation, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Marketing, Awareness raising/environmental education initiative, and Green technologies. Emanating from these initiatives are: reduce or obviate of harmful environmental emissions and environmental management improvements and ultimately an environment that is experiencing an increased level of sustainability and economic activities.

MEMBANGUN TEAMWORK PERFORMANCE DARI CULTURE DIVERSITY MELALUI COMMUNICATION DI LINGKUNGAN KERJA

The culture diversity in the working environment of Holland America Cruise Line caused by the multicultural and multinational crews. The purpose of the research is to analyze the culture diversity, communication, teamwork performance on board the cruise ship as well as to analyze the communication as the mediator to link the culture diversity and the teamwork performance in working environment of Holland America Cruise Line. The research involved 110 cruise ship crews as specific respondents and using qualitative method with purposive sampling questionnaire method. The primary data is collected based on questionnaires and the interviews session with the respondents while the secondary data is obtained by literature study and from the previous researchs. The result of this research find that communication is the most important factor to link the culture diversity and teamwork performance in the working environment of Holland America Cruise Line and the cruise ship management is expected to be able to help the crews ship to understand the cross-cultural before working on board and while working on board the cruise ship so this will able to support smooth operation of the cruise ship.

Planning and Preparation for Cruising Infrastructure: Cuba as a Case Study

The cruise line industry (CLI) provides an opportunity to rapidly improve national (and regional) economies in destinations. However, lack of planning and proper preparation by destination authorities and the cruise industry can have significant impacts on the local community, commerce, and environment. This paper identifies and quantifies near-shore challenges between the national authorities and the CLI that include port facility preparedness and the potential stresses on local infrastructure. These key parameters used to quantify the impact of the CLI on established destinations can potentially become part of the analysis, negotiation, and communication between all parties involved (government, business, and tourists) as part of the contribution to ensure sustainable CLI destinations. The Port of Havana, Cuba was selected as the study site and was compared against similar cruise line destinations around the Meso-American region (Philipsburg, Sint Maarten, Belize City, Belize, and Progreso, Mexico). The Port of Havana’s natural infrastructure and the carriage available for the incoming ship (i.e., nautical charting) appear to be adequate for welcoming increased cruise ship traffic. The main concerns are the potential toll on local resources including the impact on port traffic and the local infrastructure required to support tourists once they depart the ship.

To Dine, or Not to Dine on a Cruise Ship in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Tripartite Approach towards an Understanding of Behavioral Intentions among Female Passengers

Given that cruise line companies are rushing to restart their operations with modified dining services, the aim of this research is to establish a conceptual framework that precisely outlines female passengers’ behavioral intentions towards dining on cruise ships in the time of the COVID-19 crisis. It does so by extending the theory of reasoned action (TRA) by including the social servicescape of the cruise ship dining experiencescape (stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) paradigm) and perceived health risk from COVID-19 (the prospect theory). The developed theoretical framework based on this tripartite approach has predictive power for intentions. Its effectiveness and comprehensiveness are also demonstrated. Despite the positive effect of the social servicescape on attitude and emotions and the positive attitude of female cruise travelers, the negative effect of the perceived health risk from COVID-19 appears to be the dominant factor that ultimately discourages the behavioral intentions of female cruise passengers towards dining on a cruise ship in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The present research provides a crucial guiding framework that helps cruise academics and operators to maximize existing and potential passengers’ favorable decisions and behaviors for cruise ship dining.

DEVELOPING ENGLISH MATERIAL FOR CRUISE LINE BARTENDER FOR STUDENTS OF INTERNATIONAL BALI INSTITUTE OF TOURISM

This study aims to develop English for Cruise Line Bartender materials needed by Cruise Line Bartender students of The International Bali Institute of Tourism, to explain how the materials were developed, and to analyze the quality of the developed materials. This study adopts the design proposed by Dick and Carey (2001). The model proposed by Dick and Carey consists of several stages; 1) conducting need analysis (problem determination), 2) designing the model, 3) developing the model, 4) validating the model by experts, and 5) trying out the model (dissemination). The object of this study was the English for cruise line bartender at the International Bali Institute of Tourism. In collecting the data, three instruments were used namely questionnaires, guided interviews, and document analysis. The study shows that eight topics are required to be developed. The topics are getting to know you, setting up a bar, kinds of drink, drink recipe, and taking beverage order, we are sorry, cruise vacationers, and job interview. The materials were designed by following the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) material design involving input, content focus, language focus, and task. Since English for cruise line bartender is part of ESP that is under English for Occupational Purposes, the steps of the interactive data analysis method consist of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of expert judges' validation were analyzed descriptively by comparing the scores of two raters using Gregory's formula (2000). The quality of the developed materials was categorized as good material. Thus, it can be used as the source for learning by prospective the secretary of Cruise Line Bartender Program at The International Bali Institute of Tourism.Keywords: English Learning Materials, Cruise line, Bartender

Carnival Optimizes Revenue and Inventory Across Heterogenous Cruise Line Brands

Carnival Corporation & plc identified the need for a cutting-edge revenue management system; however, existing solutions from the airline and hospitality industries were not compatible with the idiosyncrasies of the cruise domain. As such, the company partnered with revenue analytics to build a complete revenue and inventory management system to meet its requirements. Yield optimization and demand analytics (YODA) is a system that leverages a unique quadratic programming model to jointly determine cruise prices and allocate cabin inventory to multiple cruises (e.g., 14-day and 7-day lengths) offered simultaneously on a given ship. The optimization inputs come from several machine learning algorithms that predict demand. YODA combines these algorithms with an elasticity model derived from an exponential curve to represent the unique price-sensitivity behavior observed in the cruise industry. The system generates millions of price recommendations each day and has been used to price voyages on 65 Carnival ships, approximately one quarter of the ships in the entire cruise industry, since December 2017. During A/B testing, YODA generated a 1.5%–2.5% incremental uplift in net ticket revenue, which is a significant revenue increase because Carnival was a Fortune 300 company in 2019.

Fear and Trembling of Cruise Ship Employees: Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The current COVID-19 pandemic has evolved to unprecedented proportions. This research aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ship employees stuck at sea. Using an inductive qualitative approach, a synchronous online focus group was conducted with nine cruise ship employees who were stuck at sea during COVID-19 pandemic. The findings revealed that COVID-19 pandemic has managed to erase the feeling of joy from cruise ship employees who were stuck at sea while exposing weakness of cruise line companies such as poor human resource management leadership. Moreover, COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that it is of paramount importance that cruise line companies create a comprehensive strategy in assisting their employees who are experiencing an anxiety disorder and depression. The managerial implications are outlined.