Effects of advertising features on smokers’ and non-smokers’ perceptions of a reduced nicotine cigarette modified risk tobacco product

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056441
Author(s):  
Melissa Mercincavage ◽  
Lauren R Pacek ◽  
James Thrasher ◽  
Joseph N Cappella ◽  
Cristine Delnevo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Addiction Risk ◽  
Lower Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Product Perception

IntroductionResearch is needed to determine the impact of marketing on perceptions and use of reduced nicotine content (RNC) cigarettes, particularly as US regulators have permitted the sale of an RNC cigarette modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) that seeks further authorisation to advertise using modified risk claims. This study examined the effects of two advertising elements (product name and disclaimer content) on perceptions of an RNC cigarette MRTP.MethodsAdult participants (n=807, 28.7% smokers, 58.2% male, 74.2% non-Latinx white) completed an online MTurk survey. Participants were randomised to view one of six RNC cigarette advertisements, using a 2×3 between-subject factorial design to manipulate product name (‘Moonlight’ vs ‘Moonrise’) and disclaimer content (industry-proposed: ‘Nicotine is addictive. Less nicotine does NOT mean a safer cigarette’ vs focused: ‘Less nicotine does NOT mean a safer cigarette’ vs no content), then completed recall and product perception questionnaires.ResultsAll participants who viewed the industry-proposed disclaimer (vs no content) perceived greater addiction risk (p’s<0.05). Non-smokers who viewed this disclaimer also perceived greater health risks and held fewer false beliefs (p’s<0.05). Smokers who viewed Moonlight (vs Moonrise) ads perceived lower health risks (p<0.05).ConclusionsDisclaimer content may effectively inform consumers about addiction risk of a new RNC cigarette MRTP, and further inform non-smokers about health risks. This element, however, had little effect on perceived health risks among smokers, among whom the Moonlight product name was associated with health risk misperceptions similar to the banned ‘light’ descriptor.

What Influences Consumer Evaluation of Genetically Modified Foods?

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Pham ◽  
Naomi Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Genetically Modified Foods ◽  
Persuasive Messages ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Consumer Evaluation ◽  
Safety Message ◽  
Gm Foods

Genetically modified (GM) foods have attracted a great deal of controversy. While some consumers and organizations regard GM foods as safe, many other consumers and organizations remain concerned about their potential health risks. The results of three studies suggest that consumers respond differently to persuasive messages regarding GM foods on the basis of their preexisting attitudes. Weak anti-GM consumers tend to comply with a variety of pro-GM messages. In contrast, strong anti-GM consumers exhibit message-opposing behavior. Moreover, they respond just as negatively to a safety message (claiming that GM foods are safe) as to a risk message (claiming that GM foods are unsafe). The mechanism underlying these effects is consumers’ perceived health risk. A benefit message claiming that GM foods are beneficial (e.g., more nutritious than their conventional counterparts) is a better alternative for strong anti-GM consumers. Finally, the results suggest that persuasive messages do not significantly change pro-GM consumers’ evaluations of these foods.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ASSESS NOISE DOSE FOR THE TASKS OF ESTIMATING THE POPULATION HEALTH RISKS

Akustika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Koshurnikov
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Noise Factor ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Permissible Dose

The available methodological approaches to assessing the noise dose characterize the multiplicity of exceeding the permissible dose, but do not reflect the transition to the weighted average equivalent level for the tasks of assessment of health risk to population living under exposure to the noise factor. Within the framework of the study, there were proposed methodical approaches which allow the transition from the multiplicity of exceedences of an individual noise dose to the calculation of the weighted average daily noise equivalent (Lden) by taking into account the number and duration of noise events. The proposed method allows the assessment and prognosis of the risks of health disorders using the approved method from the impact of noise factor (MR 2.1.10.0059-12 [9]). Testing methodological approaches using the example of children's pre-school institutions in the city of Perm made it possible to establish a daily noise dose with an assessment of the impact of each factor and determine the possible risks to health of children attending preschool institutions near transport infrastructure facilities. According to the results of this study, it was found that self-induced noise makes the main contribution to the daily noise dose.

scholarly journals Evaluating Classical Airplane Boarding Methods Considering COVID-19 Flying Restrictions

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liviu-Adrian Cotfas ◽  
Camelia Delcea ◽  
R. John Milne ◽  
Mostafa Salari
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Zone Method ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has imposed the need for a series of social distancing restrictions worldwide to mitigate the scourge of the COVID-19 pandemic. This applies to many domains, including airplane boarding and seat assignments. As airlines are considering their passengers’ safety during the pandemic, boarding methods should be evaluated both in terms of social distancing norms and the resulting efficiency for the airlines. The present paper analyzes the impact of a series of restrictions that have been imposed or mooted worldwide on the boarding methods used by the airlines, featuring the use of jet-bridges and one-door boarding. To compare the efficacy of classical airplane boarding methods with respect to new social distancing norms, five metrics were used to evaluate their performance. One metric is the time to complete the boarding of the airplane. The other four metrics concern passenger health and reflect the potential exposure to the virus from other passengers through the air and surfaces (e.g., headrests and luggage) touched by passengers. We use the simulation platform in NetLogo to test six common boarding methods under various conditions. The back-to-front by row boarding method results in the longest time to complete boarding but has the advantage of providing the lowest health risk for two metrics. Those two metrics are based on passengers potentially infecting those passengers previously seated in the rows they traverse. Interestingly, those two risks are reduced for most boarding methods when the social distance between adjacent passengers advancing down the aisle is increased, thus indicating an unanticipated benefit stemming from this form of social distancing. The modified reverse pyramid by half zone method provides the shortest time to the completing boarding of the airplane and—along with the WilMA boarding method—provides the lowest health risk stemming from potential infection resulting from seat interferences. Airlines have the difficult task of making tradeoffs between economic productivity and the resulting impact on various health risks.

scholarly journals Intergenerational differences in acculturation experiences, food beliefs and perceived health risks among refugees from the Horn of Africa in Melbourne, Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyce Wilson ◽  
Andre Renzaho
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Refugee Youth ◽  
Food Beliefs ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the differences in acculturation experiences between parent and adolescent refugees from the Horn of Africa in Melbourne, Australia and to explore food beliefs and perceived health risks from an intergenerational perspective.DesignQualitative cross-sectional study involving a combination of semi-structured one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions.SettingNorth-West suburbs of Melbourne, Australia.SubjectsEritrean, Ethiopian, Somali and Sudanese refugees.ResultsUsing a purposeful sampling technique, twelve semi-structured face-to-face interviews (nine adults and three adolescents) and four in-depth focus groups (two with adolescents each containing six participants and two with adults one containing six participants and the other ten participants) were carried out. Thus overall data were obtained on fifteen adolescents and twenty-five parents. Qualitative analysis identified differences between parents and adolescents in relation to lifestyle, diet and physical activity. Views regarding health consequences of their changed diets also differed. Parental feeding practices encompassed a variety of methods and were enforced in an attempt by parents to control their children's dietary behaviours and prevent their drift away from traditional eating habits.ConclusionsThese findings call for more research to contextualise dietary acculturation among refugee youth and the impact of migration on parenting styles and feeding practices in communities from the Horn of Africa. Preventive health programmes with Horn of Africa refugees need to acknowledge the effect of acculturation on diet and physical activity levels and a socio-cultural framework needs to be developed with respect to the importance and influence of the family environment.

Fast and Not Furious?

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Kneer ◽  
Sabine Glock ◽  
Diana Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Implicit Methods ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Prevention And Intervention ◽  
Psychophysiological Arousal

Three studies explored whether cognitive dissonance in smokers is reduced immediately or remains constant due to the perceived health risk. Because dissonance-reducing strategies might occur very quickly and previous research has focused only on ratings concerning health risk, we additionally analyzed response latencies and psychophysiological arousal as more implicit measurements. In Study 1, 2, and 3, participants rated their smoking-related health risks twice for different diseases. Ratings, response latencies (Study 1, 2), and psychophysiological arousal (Study 3) differed during the first testing. Differences in response latencies and psychophysiological arousal diminished during the second testing, whereas ratings did not change. The results are discussed in terms of implicit methods as measurements for cognitive dissonance and in terms of prevention and intervention programs.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 Vaccine Passport on Air Travelers’ Booking Decision and Companies’ Financial Value

2021 ◽  
pp. 109634802110584
Author(s):  
Hakseung Shin ◽  
Juhyun Kang ◽  
Abhinav Sharma ◽  
Juan Luis Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Leisure Travelers ◽  
The Impact

The ongoing debate about vaccine passport policies for dealing with COVID-19 has necessitated analyzing its effectiveness in the airline and tourism industry. This study was purposed to analyze how vaccine passports are evaluated by multiple stakeholders, such as airline investors and passengers for leisure/vacation purposes. The findings of the first study show that the implementation of vaccine passports is positively evaluated by airline investors. The results of the second study highlight the role of vaccine passports in reducing perceived health risks, which is integral to leisure travelers’ decision making. This study offers a theoretical lens to understand the value of vaccine passports and provides guidance for airline companies and tourism marketers in deciding whether to implement a vaccine passport policy.

scholarly journals Post Covid-19 Analysis of the Aviation Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1806-1813
Author(s):  
Ronak Shah
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Many countries' economic prosperity and strategic development are dependent on the aviation industry, and it plays an indispensable role in the global transportation system. The emergence of a pandemic, which is likely to shatter the sector and disrupt its operations fundamentally, is one of the most common and unprecedented challenges to this industry. Beginning in 2020, the terrible impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) disease, which has evolved into a worldwide pandemic and resulted in a radical reestablishment of society's daily existence, has been faced by aviation. The pandemic has caused a shift in the formerly usual method of air travel. This thesis investigates the ramifications of COVID-19 for the aviation business, as well as the measures employed by this industry in reaction to the crisis and the intention of passengers to travel by air during pandemics. This thesis' literature analysis covers the issues that the airline sector is facing as a result of the global pandemic, as well as the restructured onboard experience, including the new safety measures that have been implemented across the entire aviation network. The report also looks at the new passenger behaviour trends. In April-May 2021, an online empirical experiment using a video advertising as a stimulus in two separate experimental circumstances was done using a quantitative research approach. The impact of aircraft safety measures on travel intention, customer happiness, value for money, and perceived health risk on the general public was investigated. According to the findings, airline safety measures are likely to have a favourable impact on expected consumer satisfaction. At the same time, direct exposure to aircraft safety measures did not lessen their perceived health risk or raise their considered value for money. According to the findings, improving customer satisfaction and expected value for money might have a favourable impact on individual travel intentions. On the contrary, the greater the perception of a health danger, the less inclined people are to fly. This would be a negative scenario for the air traffic sector, whose future development is now difficult to foresee, and the amount of time required to recover is unknown. Keywords: Covid-19, Air traffic, Analysis, Python, Pre-processing

Australian and Korean Adolescents' Perceived Health Risk

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 816-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
The Self ◽  
English Version ◽  
Korean Adolescents ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Risk Judgments

The current study identified the differences in health-risk perceptions between a random sample of 701 Australian and 874 Korean adolescents in Grades 8 to 12 who were asked to participate in a survey designed to assess their perceptions of health risk. To measure the health risks, an English version of the Self-Other Risk Judgments Profile was translated into Korean, and then the English and Korean versions were separately given the two groups. Analysis identified significant mean differences between the two groups in ratings both of risks they had and ratings of risks for others. Korean adolescents perceived their likelihood of a variety of self-health risks as substantially lower than the Australian group. Also, they rated the chances of most health risks happening to them as significantly lower than those of others in the same age compared with Australian peers.

scholarly journals A A Conceptual Framework Integration of UTAUT and HBM on Evaluating the Adoption of Electronic Payment System in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1164-1176
Author(s):  
Ishaq Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Payment System ◽  
Individual Behavior ◽  
Electronic Payment ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Electronic Payment System

Given the ongoing epidemic coupled with low acceptance of electronic payment system, such could affect individual behavior. It is through the identification of this factors that affect individual behavior that aide toward overcoming the present challenges faced in influencing individual participation in electronic payment system. The main aim of this study is to propose a conceptual framework on the term of improving the adoption of electronic payment system. Through the incorporation of grounding theory of unified theory of acceptance model and health benefit model from both quantitative and qualitative studies, we select three influencing variables perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived health risk which affect electronic payment adoption. This paper further explores the impact of identified variables perceived susceptibility, perceived severity the role of perceived health risk as mediator. Finally, this paper finalized a conceptual model after exploring previous studies and propose an empirical investigation for validation in future for researchers and practitioners.

The Association of Two Productivity Measures with Health Risks and Medical Conditions in an Australian Employee Population

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Musich ◽  
Dan Hook ◽  
Stephanie Baaner ◽  
Dee W. Edington
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Risk Status ◽  
Risk Appraisal ◽  
Health Risk Appraisal ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. To investigate the impact of health on job performance using two measures of productivity loss: (1) a self-reported measure of health-related presenteeism and (2) an objective measure of absenteeism. Design. A cross-sectional survey using a Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) to evaluate self-reported presenteeism and the prevalence of 12 health risks and eight medical conditions. Setting and Subjects. Employees (n = 224) of a private insurance provider in Australia. Measures. A Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) questionnaire was used to evaluate self-reported presenteeism on different aspects of job demands and to assess the prevalence of 12 health risks and eight medical conditions. Illness absent hours were obtained from company administrative records. Results. Increased presenteeism was significantly associated with high stress, life dissatisfaction, and back pain, while increased illness absenteeism was significantly associated with overweight, poor perception of health, and diabetes. Excess presenteeism associated with excess health risks (productivity loss among those with medium- or high-risk status compared to those with low-risk status) was independently calculated at 19.0% for presenteeism and 12.8% for illness absenteeism. Conclusions. This study demonstrates an association between health metrics and self-reported work impairment (presenteeism) and measured absenteeism. The study provides a first indication of the potential benefits of health promotion programming to Australian employees in improving health and to the corporation in minimizing health-related productivity loss.

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