Future projections of Petermann Glacier under ocean warming depend strongly on friction law

Abstract A three-component model for a belted radial tire, previously developed by the authors for free rolling without slip, is generalized to include longitudinal forces and deformations associated with driving and braking. Surface tractions at the tire-road interface are governed by a Coulomb friction law in which the coefficient of friction is assumed to be constant. After a brief review of the model, the mechanism of interfacial shear force generation is delineated and explored under traction with perfect adhesion. Addition of the friction law then leads to the inception of slide zones, which propagate through the footprint with increasing severity of maneuvers. Different behavior patterns under driving and braking are emphasized, with comparisons being given of sliding displacements, sliding velocities, and frictional work at the tire-road interface. As a further application of the model, the effect of friction coefficient and of test variables such as load, deflection, and inflation pressure on braking stiffness are computed and compared to analogous predictions on the braking spring rate.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Seasonal heterogeneity of ocean warming: a mortality sink for ectotherm colonizers.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726265790.793520193 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Roberto Danovaro

Keyword(s):

Ocean Warming

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Future projections for terrestrial biomes indicate widespread warming and moisture reduction in forests up to 2100 in South America

Global Ecology and Conservation ◽

10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01441 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. e01441

Author(s):

Luciano J.S. Anjos ◽

Everaldo Barreiros de Souza ◽

Calil Torres Amaral ◽

Tassio Koiti Igawa ◽

Peter Mann de Toledo

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Future Projections ◽

Terrestrial Biomes

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Vegetative Reproduction Is More Advantageous Than Sexual Reproduction in a Canopy-Forming Clonal Macroalga under Ocean Warming Accompanied by Oligotrophication and Intensive Herbivory

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10081522 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1522

Author(s):

Hikaru Endo ◽

Toru Sugie ◽

Yukiko Yonemori ◽

Yuki Nishikido ◽

Hikari Moriyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

High Temperature ◽

Nutrient Availability ◽

Vegetative Reproduction ◽

Ocean Warming ◽

Regeneration Ability ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Regeneration Rate ◽

Fish Herbivory ◽

C 30

Ocean warming and the associated changes in fish herbivory have caused polarward distributional shifts in the majority of canopy-forming macroalgae that are dominant in temperate Japan, but have little effect on the alga Sargassum fusiforme. The regeneration ability of new shoots from holdfasts in this species may be advantageous in highly grazed environments. However, little is known about the factors regulating this in Sargassum species. Moreover, holdfast tolerance to high-temperature and nutrient-poor conditions during summer has rarely been evaluated. In the present study, S. fusiforme holdfast responses to the combined effects of temperature and nutrient availability were compared to those of sexually reproduced propagules. The combined effects of holdfast fragmentation and irradiance on regeneration were also evaluated. Propagule growth rate values changed from positive to negative under the combination of elevated temperature (20 °C–30 °C) and reduced nutrient availability, whereas holdfasts exhibited a positive growth rate even at 32 °C in nutrient-poor conditions. The regeneration rate increased with holdfast fragmentation (1 mm segments), but was unaffected by decreased irradiance. These results suggest that S. fusiforme holdfasts have a higher tolerance to high-temperature and nutrient-poor conditions during summer than propagules, and regenerate new shoots even if 1-mm segments remain in shaded refuges for fish herbivory avoidance.

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Future projections in tropical cyclone activity over multiple CORDEX domains from RegCM4 CORDEX-CORE simulations

Climate Dynamics ◽

10.1007/s00382-021-05728-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

José Abraham Torres-Alavez ◽

Russell Glazer ◽

Filippo Giorgi ◽

Erika Coppola ◽

Xuejie Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tropical Cyclone ◽

Tropical Cyclone Activity ◽

Cyclone Activity ◽

Future Projections

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Climate Change Projection in the Twenty-First Century Simulated by NIMS-KMA CMIP6 Model Based on New GHGs Concentration Pathways

Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences ◽

10.1007/s13143-021-00225-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hyun Min Sung ◽

Jisun Kim ◽

Sungbo Shim ◽

Jeong-byn Seo ◽

Sang-Hoon Kwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Earth System Model ◽

First Century ◽

System Model ◽

The Arctic ◽

Earth System ◽

Future Projections ◽

Twenty First Century

AbstractThe National Institute of Meteorological Sciences-Korea Meteorological Administration (NIMS-KMA) has participated in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP) and provided long-term simulations using the coupled climate model. The NIMS-KMA produces new future projections using the ensemble mean of KMA Advanced Community Earth system model (K-ACE) and UK Earth System Model version1 (UKESM1) simulations to provide scientific information of future climate changes. In this study, we analyze four experiments those conducted following the new shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) based scenarios to examine projected climate change in the twenty-first century. Present day (PD) simulations show high performance skill in both climate mean and variability, which provide a reliability of the climate models and reduces the uncertainty in response to future forcing. In future projections, global temperature increases from 1.92 °C to 5.20 °C relative to the PD level (1995–2014). Global mean precipitation increases from 5.1% to 10.1% and sea ice extent decreases from 19% to 62% in the Arctic and from 18% to 54% in the Antarctic. In addition, climate changes are accelerating toward the late twenty-first century. Our CMIP6 simulations are released to the public through the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) international data sharing portal and are used to support the establishment of the national adaptation plan for climate change in South Korea.

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