Stochastic Rainwater Harvesting System Modeling Under Random Rainfall Features and Variable Water Demands

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanhui Cheng ◽  
Guohe (Gordon) Huang ◽  
Yiping Guo ◽  
Brian W. Baetz ◽  
Cong Dong
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Variable Water

scholarly journals Socioeconomic potential for rainwater harvesting systems in southern Brazilian municipalities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Tavares ◽  
J. M. Bravo ◽  
R. Tassi ◽  
I. R. Almeida ◽  
D. Wartchow
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
High Water ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Residential Demand ◽  
Economic Constraints

Abstract The implementation of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems depends on technical and socioeconomic assessments. However, most studies do not consider socioeconomic aspects, which could lead to different degrees of RWH implementation and technology selection due to economic constraints and local regulations. We evaluated the socioeconomic potential for RWH as an alternative for water supply of 24 Southern Brazilian municipalities with less than 50,000 inhabitants. A total of 10,080 RWH configurations were assessed and a reliability analysis was carried out to define the RWH system configurations potentially implementable (RWH+) in each municipality. RWH economic benefits were estimated from a social point of view, based on the reduction of the monthly water payment. Overall, RWH+ supplying higher demands with higher economics savings were feasible, as expected. However, several municipalities that showed RWH+ supplying 100% of the domestic water demands obtained lower economic savings, due to low water tariff and water consumption. Still, a set of municipalities presented RWH+ for rainwater demand replacing 50% to 60% of the residential demand, for which the high-water tariffs reflected in higher economics savings. The advantages of using the RWH systems outstand even more when the investments at Federal and Local levels are considered.

scholarly journals Reduction of Potable Water Consumption and Sewage Generation on a City Scale: A Case Study in Brazil

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cureau ◽  
Ghisi
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
The City ◽  
Greywater Reuse

This article aims to estimate the reduction of potable water consumption and sewage generation in the city of Joinville, southern Brazil. Four strategies were considered to promote potable water savings: replacement of conventional toilets with dual-flush ones, greywater reuse, rainwater harvesting, and the combination of these three strategies. Residential, public, and commercial sectors were assessed. The potential for potable water savings ranged from 1.7% to 50.5%, and the potential for sewage generation reduction ranged from 2.1% to 52.1%. The single-family residential sector was the most representative for water savings and sewage generation reduction. The public sector would be the least contributor to such reductions. It was found that in the city of Joinville, for low non-potable water demands, greywater reuse was the most viable strategy to save water. When non-potable demand is high and there is a large catchment area, it is recommended to install rainwater harvesting systems. It was concluded that there is a high potential for potable water savings and reduction of sewage generation if measures were adopted in Joinville, but it is necessary to evaluate which strategy is the most appropriate for each building.

scholarly journals Desalination: From Ancient to Present and Future

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2222
Author(s):  
Andreas N. Angelakis ◽  
Mohammad Valipour ◽  
Kwang-Ho Choo ◽  
Abdelkader T. Ahmed ◽  
Alper Baba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Rivers And Lakes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

Water is life, and without water, there would be no civilizations and a vacant Earth. Water is considered an abundant natural resource on the earth. Water covers 3/4 of the surface. However, 97% of the available water on the earth is salty oceanic water, and only a tiny fraction (3%) is freshwater. This small portion of the available water supplies the needs of humans and animals. However, freshwater exists in underground, rivers, and lakes and is insufficient to cover all the world’s water demands. Thus, water saving, water reuse, rainwater harvesting, stormwater utilization, and desalination are critical for maintaining water supplies for the future of humanity. Desalination has a long history spanning centuries from ancient times to the present. In the last two decades, desalination has been rapidly expanding to meet water needs in stressed water regions of the world. Yet, there are still some problems with its implementation in several areas of the world. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the history of desalination for wiser and smarter water extraction and uses to sustain and support the water needs of the earth’s inhabitants.

The effect of selection of time steps and average assumptions on the continuous simulation of rainwater harvesting strategies

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Coombes ◽  
M.E. Barry
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Continuous Simulation ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Rainwater Tanks ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Daily Time

The use of domestic rainwater tanks with back up from mains water supplies in urban areas can produce considerable reductions in mains water demands and stormwater runoff. It is commonplace to analyse the performance of rainwater tanks using continuous simulation with daily time steps and average water use assumptions. This paper compares this simplistic analysis to more detailed analysis that employs 6 minute time steps and climate dependent water demand. The use of daily time steps produced considerable under-estimation of annual rainwater yields that were dependent on tank size, rain depth, seasonal distribution of rainfall, water demand and tank configuration. It is shown that analysis of the performance of rainwater tanks is critically dependent on detailed inputs.

scholarly journals Climate Change-Land Degradation-Food Security Nexus: Addressing India’s Challenge

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Inder Abrol ◽  
Raj Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Rainfall Variation ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Canal Networks

Monsoon rains provide relief from the sweltering summer heat conditions, replenish depleted profile moisture to breathe new life in soils. With appropriate management of rain water, Indian summer monsoons boost the level of ‘reservoir of life’. Our inability to manage spatial and temporal rainfall variation features of deficit and excess rainfall episodes and their interactions with soil variability is a major cause of uncertainty in agricultural production. In the past, entire focus of national efforts was on rainwater harvesting, storage and distribution through canal networks and greater reliance on ground water pumping to meet immediate crop water demands. These approaches have resulted in wide spread problems of natural resource fatigue and unsustainable water supplies. This paper analyses the complexities of climate change-land degradation-food security nexus and suggests the need for adopting alternate approaches emphasising on in situ conservation of rain water and its efficient use such as to reverse the processes that contribute to land degradation in specific landscapes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document