The value-congruence model of memory for emotional experiences: An explanation for cultural differences in emotional self-reports.

Public resistance to sustainable innovations is oftentimes accompanied by strong negative emotions. Therefore, it is essential to better understand the underlying factors of emotions toward sustainable innovations to facilitate their successful implementation. Based on the Value-Innovation-Congruence model of Emotional responses (VICE model), we argue that positive and negative emotions toward innovations reflect whether innovations are congruent or incongruent with (i.e., support or threaten) people's core values. We tested our reasoning in two experimental studies (N = 114 and N = 246), by asking participants to evaluate innovations whose characteristics were either congruent or incongruent with egoistic values (study 1) or with biospheric values (study 1 and study 2). In line with the VICE model, we found overall that the more an innovation was perceived to have characteristics congruent with these values, and biospheric values in particular, the stronger positive and the weaker negative emotions they experienced toward the innovation, especially the more strongly people endorsed these values. Emotions, in turn, were related with acceptability of innovations. Our findings highlight that emotions toward innovations can have a systematic basis in people's values that can be addressed to ensure responsible decision-making on sustainable innovations.

Download Full-text

Musical interests and activities in children’s leisure time in Hungary and Bulgaria

Journal of Education Culture and Society ◽

10.15503/jecs20152.196.209 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 196-209

Author(s):

MILENA STEFANOWA VELIKOVA

Keyword(s):

Social Skills ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Free Time ◽

Emotional Experiences ◽

Beneficial Use ◽

The Arts ◽

Physical Abilities ◽

Musical Interests ◽

Musical Activities

Beneficial use of leisure time is extremely important as it helps to expand the horizons for intellectual growth, emotional experiences, and personal enrichment. The aim of this study is to establish the interests and needs for music in children’s leisure time. Music is very close to the emotional nature of children and therefore could stimulate and develop their mental and physical abilities. This report focuses on the place of music and art in students’ life and discusses how much of their free time is taken up with these pursuits. It also analyses the needs of such activities. Here the results from a study in which children between 9 to 17 years of age from Bulgaria and Hungary took part are presented. The type of musical activities preferred by the children in their leisure time and the correlation between the activities of choice and cultural differences are also studied. Understanding what music activities children favour in their leisure time is important because learning combined with the arts builds long lasting social skills and educates on tolerance, creativity and discipline. This combination when used in work with children, helps children to develop ability for better self-expression, building up confidence, concentration, integration in the group, developing imagination, recognizing the good and beautiful, and increases their chances for success in life.

Download Full-text

Emotional representations of space vary as a function of peoples’ affect and interoceptive sensibility

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95081-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alejandro Galvez-Pol ◽

Marcos Nadal ◽

James M. Kilner

Keyword(s):

Affective State ◽

Natural Environments ◽

Emotional Experiences ◽

Emotional Representation ◽

Self Reports ◽

Representation Of Space ◽

Neuroimaging Data ◽

Emotional Representations ◽

Spatial Locations ◽

Representations Of Space

AbstractMost research on people’s representation of space has focused on spatial appraisal and navigation. But there is more to space besides navigation and assessment: people have different emotional experiences at different places, which create emotionally tinged representations of space. Little is known about the emotional representation of space and the factors that shape it. The purpose of this study was to develop a graphic methodology to study the emotional representation of space and some of the environmental features (non-natural vs. natural) and personal features (affective state and interoceptive sensibility) that modulate it. We gave participants blank maps of the region where they lived and asked them to apply shade where they had happy/sad memories, and where they wanted to go after Covid-19 lockdown. Participants also completed self-reports on affective state and interoceptive sensibility. By adapting methods for analyzing neuroimaging data, we examined shaded pixels to quantify where and how strong emotions are represented in space. The results revealed that happy memories were consistently associated with similar spatial locations. Yet, this mapping response varied as a function of participants’ affective state and interoceptive sensibility. Certain regions were associated with happier memories in participants whose affective state was more positive and interoceptive sensibility was higher. The maps of happy memories, desired locations to visit after lockdown, and regions where participants recalled happier memories as a function of positive affect and interoceptive sensibility overlayed significantly with natural environments. These results suggest that people’s emotional representations of their environment are shaped by the naturalness of places, and by their affective state and interoceptive sensibility.

Download Full-text

Time to deconstruct the concepts of “foreplay” and “intercourse”: the real structure of human sexual encounters

UNED Research Journal ◽

10.22458/urj.v9i1.1679 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

Julian Monge-Nájera ◽

Mariana Rodriguez ◽

Maria Isabel Gonzalez

Keyword(s):

Cultural Differences ◽

Latin American ◽

American Studies ◽

Sexual Activities ◽

Video Recordings ◽

Manual Stimulation ◽

Self Reports ◽

Complex Variety ◽

The Usa ◽

Stimulation Of

Historically, the study of sexual behavior has been affected by diffuse concepts such as foreplay and coitus; the unreliability of self reports; and Eurocentrism. Here we deal with those problems and present data on frequency of sexual positions and stopwatch measurements of foreplay activities from direct observation of video recordings by 604 heterosexual Latin American couples.The most frequent positions were “woman on her hands and knees”; “woman on bed with man standing”, and “woman sitting on man”. The most frequent activities were fellatio; manual stimulation of the penis; and manual stimulation of the vulva. The longest mean durations of particular activities were 67 seconds for coitus, 37 s for fellatio and 34 s for petting. These frequency results differ from reports from the USA, possibly because of cultural differences but more probably because our results are based on what the couples actually do (rather on what they report, as in the American studies). Previous studies have merged a complex variety of sexual activities into a single imprecise category called “foreplay” and ours seems to be the first study to “deconstruct” foreplay into its individual components, and to use objective measurements of their duration

Download Full-text

Perception and evaluation of 23 positive emotions in Hong Kong and the Netherlands

10.31234/osf.io/zvchx ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rui Sun ◽

Wai Kai Hou ◽

Pui Hung Hui ◽

Nicolson Y. F. Siu ◽

Tiarah Engels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Social Engagement ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Emotional Experiences ◽

Two Cultures ◽

Individual Perceptions ◽

Societal Level

Positive emotions are linked to numerous benefits, but not everyone appreciates the same kinds of positive emotional experiences. We examined how distinct positive emotions are perceived and whether individuals’ perceptions were linked to how societies evaluate those emotions. Participants from Hong Kong and the Netherlands rated 23 positive emotions on their individual perceptions (positivity, arousal, socially engaging) and societal evaluations (appropriate, valued, and approved of). We found that (1) there were cultural differences in judgements of all six aspects of positive emotions; (2) positivity, arousal, and social engagement predicted emotions being positively regarded at the societal level in both cultures; and (3) positivity mattered more for the Dutch, while arousal and social engagement mattered more in Hong Kong for societal evaluations. These findings provided a granular map of perception and evaluation of distinct positive emotions in two cultures, and highlight the role of cultures in the understanding of how positive emotions are perceived and evaluated.

Download Full-text

The effect of organisational leadership on value congruence and effectiveness: An integrated model

South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences ◽

10.4102/sajems.v5i3.2743 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 589-606

Author(s):

A. S. Engelbrecht

Keyword(s):

Transformational Leadership ◽

Value Congruence ◽

Integrated Model ◽

Leader Effectiveness ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Research Propositions ◽

Congruence Model ◽

The Relationship ◽

Efficacy Expectancies ◽

Transactional And Transformational Leadership

The study explores the influence of transactional and transformational leadership on value congruence and leader effectiveness. Despite the relevance of a leadership-value congruence relationship, a good theoretical framework is lacking. After a review of literature on each of these areas, an integrated model of the relationships between leadership, value congruence and outcomes, is presented. Drawing on previous research, it is proposed that the relationship between leadership and effectiveness be mediated by the efficacy expectancies of followers. It is argued that leader-follower altruistic value congruence would moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and effectiveness. By contrast, leader-follower trading value congruence would moderate the relationship between transactional leadership and effectiveness. Based on the leadership-value congruence model, several research propositions are presented for future empirical verification.

Download Full-text

VALUE CONGRUENCE AS AN ASPECT OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCES BASED ON COMPARISONS IN BRAZIL, PORTUGAL AND ECUADOR

INTED2018 Proceedings ◽

10.21125/inted.2018.2009 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Valentina Ramos ◽

Diego César Terra de Andrade ◽

Filomena Jordão ◽

Heidy Rodriguez Ramos ◽

Antonio Franco-Crespo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cultural Differences ◽

Value Congruence

Download Full-text

Do Happy Events Love Company? Cultural Variations in Sharing Positive Events With Others

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0146167218789071 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 528-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hyewon Choi ◽

Shigehiro Oishi ◽

Jieun Shin ◽

Eunkook M. Suh

Keyword(s):

Cultural Differences ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Well Being ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Positive Events ◽

Two Cultures ◽

Cultural Variations ◽

European Americans ◽

Self Reports ◽

Antecedents And Consequences

The present study examined cultural differences in the act of sharing positive events with others, called capitalization attempts. The first three studies tested whether capitalization attempts differ between two cultures using multiple methods: self-reports (Study 1), children’s storybooks (Study 2), and Facebook (Study 3). We found that Koreans are less likely to share their positive events with others than European Americans. Study 4 further examined the antecedents and consequences of capitalization attempts. We replicated the earlier findings that Koreans are hesitant to share their positive events and demonstrated that this is because Koreans are more concerned about the potential negative consequences for social relationships. Moreover, we found that the cultural differences in capitalization attempts partly account for mean-level differences in well-being between cultures. Implications for capitalization, culture, and well-being are discussed.

Download Full-text

Cultural Differences in Mixed Emotions: The Role of Dialectical Thinking

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2020.538793 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Wen Zheng ◽

Ailin Yu ◽

Disi Li ◽

Ping Fang ◽

Kaiping Peng

Keyword(s):

Cultural Differences ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

The Other ◽

Emotional Experiences ◽

Dialectical Thinking ◽

Mixed Emotions ◽

Emotion Theory ◽

The Impact

Who can feel both happy and sad at the same time, but not discomfort? This study aimed to investigate the cultural differences in mixed emotional experiences induced by conflict stimuli among American and Chinese undergraduate students. In total, 160 Americans and 158 Chinese watched two different valence advertisements (one predominantly positive and the other predominantly negative) that elicited mixed emotions; their feelings were assessed through self-reported measures. Findings indicated the impact that cultural differences have in people’s mixed emotional experiences depends on the emotional components of the mixed emotional situations. The Americans and Chinese both experience a comparably intense mixture of emotions in different valence situations, but their discomfort toward conflicting stimuli is different. Further, dialectical thinking may be a mechanism behind the influence of cultural differences in people’s mixed emotional experiences. Implications for emotion theory and research are discussed.

Download Full-text