Do Happy Events Love Company? Cultural Variations in Sharing Positive Events With Others

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyewon Choi ◽  
Shigehiro Oishi ◽  
Jieun Shin ◽  
Eunkook M. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
European Americans ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences

The present study examined cultural differences in the act of sharing positive events with others, called capitalization attempts. The first three studies tested whether capitalization attempts differ between two cultures using multiple methods: self-reports (Study 1), children’s storybooks (Study 2), and Facebook (Study 3). We found that Koreans are less likely to share their positive events with others than European Americans. Study 4 further examined the antecedents and consequences of capitalization attempts. We replicated the earlier findings that Koreans are hesitant to share their positive events and demonstrated that this is because Koreans are more concerned about the potential negative consequences for social relationships. Moreover, we found that the cultural differences in capitalization attempts partly account for mean-level differences in well-being between cultures. Implications for capitalization, culture, and well-being are discussed.

Left Out But “In Control”? Culture Variations in Perceived Control When Excluded by a Close Other

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062098743
Author(s):  
Sasha Y. Kimel ◽  
Dominik Mischkowski ◽  
Yuki Miyagawa ◽  
Yu Niiya
Keyword(s):  
Asian Americans ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
Good Friend ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
European Americans

Research and theorizing suggest two competing—yet untested—hypotheses for how European Americans’ and Asians’ feeling of being “in control” might differ when excluded by a close other (e.g., a good friend). Drawing on different national contexts (i.e., United States, Japan), cultural groups (i.e., Japanese, Asian/Asian Americans, European Americans), and exclusion paradigms (i.e., relived, in vivo), four separate experiments ( N = 2,662) examined feelings of control when excluded by a close- or distant-other. A meta-analysis across these experiments indicated that Asians and Asian Americans felt more in control than European Americans when the excluder was a close other. In contrast, no consistent pattern emerged when the excluder was a distant other. This research has implications for cultural variations in aggressiveness as well as health and well-being following exclusion’s threat to perceived control.

The Nature, Antecedents and Consequences of Underemployment

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Job Behaviors ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Future Theory

Despite the growth of underemployment in the United States, relatively little theoretical or empirical attention has been paid to this phenomenon. This article presents a multidimensional conceptualization of underemployment in terms of education, work duties, field of employment, wages, and permanence of the job. The article then presents testable propositions on both the hypothesized antecedents of underemployment (e.g., economic factors, job characteristics, career history, job search strategies, and demographics) and on the hypothesized consequences of underemployment (e.g., job attitudes, overall psychological well-being, career attitudes, job behaviors, and marital, family, and social relationships). Directions for future theory development, research methodology, and institutional assistance programs for the underemployed are discussed as well.

scholarly journals Is Well-Being Associated with the Quantity and Quality of Social Interactions?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Sun ◽  
Kelci Harris ◽  
Simine Vazire
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Method Evidence ◽  
The Moment

Social relationships are often touted as critical for well-being. However, the vast majority of studies on social relationships have relied on self-report measures of both social interactions and well-being, which makes it difficult to disentangle true associations from shared method variance. To address this gap, we assessed the quantity and quality of social interactions using both self-report and observer-based measures in everyday life. Participants (N = 256, 3,206 observations) wore the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), an unobtrusive audio recorder, and completed experience sampling method (ESM) self-reports of their momentary social interactions, happiness, and feelings of social connectedness, four times each day for one week. Observers rated the quantity and quality of participants’ social interactions based on the EAR recordings from the same time points. Quantity of social interactions was robustly associated with greater well-being in the moment and on average, whether they were measured with self-reports or observer reports. Conversational (conversational depth and self-disclosure) and relational (knowing and liking one’s interaction partners) aspects of social interaction quality were also generally associated with greater well-being, but the effects were larger and more consistent for self-reported (vs. observer-reported) quality variables, within-person (vs. between-person) associations, and for predicting social connectedness (vs. happiness). Finally, although most associations were similar for introverts and extraverts, our exploratory results suggest that introverts may experience greater boosts in social connectedness, relative to extraverts, when engaging in deeper conversations. This study provides compelling multi-method evidence supporting the link between more frequent and deeper social interactions and well-being.

“Mom, dad, look at me”: The development of the Parental Phubbing Scale

2020 ◽  
pp. 026540752096486
Author(s):  
Luca Pancani ◽  
Tiziano Gerosa ◽  
Marco Gui ◽  
Paolo Riva
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Social Disconnection

The widespread diffusion of smartphones has opened new challenges regarding the psychological consequences of their usage on social relationships. The term phubbing (a combination of phone and snubbing) indicates the act of ignoring someone in a social context by paying attention to the smartphone. The few existing studies show that phubbing is widespread, mutually reinforced, and socially accepted, with possible negative consequences for social and individual well-being. Phubbing can occur in every social context, including romantic relationships, workplaces, and family. However, to date, minimal attention has been given to the possible impact that phubbing carried out by parents can have on their children. To start filling this gap, in this paper, we introduced a new scale that measures the perception of being subject to parental phubbing and showed the prevalence of perceived phubbing on a stratified sample of 3,289 adolescents. Firstly, the dimensionality, validity, and invariance of the construct were proven. Moreover, our results showed a positive relationship between children’s perceived levels of parental phubbing and their feelings of social disconnection with parents, thus suggesting that the more children felt that one or both of their parents were phubbing them, the less the children felt connected with their parents.

Associations Between Social Relationships and Emotional Well-Being in Middle-Aged and Older African Americans

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Warren-Findlow ◽  
James N. Laditka ◽  
Sarah B. Laditka ◽  
Michael E. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Relationship Type ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Family Emotional Support

Social relationships may enhance emotional health in older age. The authors examined associations between social relationships and emotional health using data from the Milwaukee African American sample of the second Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS II) study, 2005-2006 ( n = 592). Self-reports indicated good, very good, or excellent emotional health, distinguished from fair or poor. Social relationships were measured by relationship type (family or friend), contact frequency, and levels of emotional support and strain. Control variables included demographic characteristics, types of lifetime and daily discrimination, neighborhood quality, and other social factors. In adjusted results, each increase on a family emotional support scale was associated with 118% greater odds of reporting better emotional health (odds ratio [OR] = 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.43, 3.32]). Friend emotional support also was associated with better emotional health (OR = 1.59, CI [1.07, 2.34]). Daily discrimination substantially reduced reported emotional health; family and friend support buffered this effect.

Sense of Contribution Mediates Cultural Differences in Support-Seeking

2021 ◽  
pp. 106939712110326
Author(s):  
Takeshi Hashimoto ◽  
Claudia Gherghel
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
European Americans ◽  
Important Mediator ◽  
Support Seeking

Compared to European Americans, East Asians are more reluctant to seek social support when dealing with stressful events. The purpose of this study is to test three possible explanations of these cultural differences. In addition to examining both harmony seeking and rejection avoidance (two facets of interdependence reflecting relationship concerns) as possible explanations, we propose a novel explanation, namely that sense of contribution (i.e., the degree to which one contributes to other people’s well-being) may be an important mediator for explaining cultural differences in support seeking. A survey was conducted on adults living in Japan and the U.S. Results revealed that Japanese less often rely on social support, and sense of contribution significantly mediates the association between culture and support seeking. In contrast, the mediating role of both harmony seeking and rejection avoidance was not supported. The results indicate that cultural differences in support seeking may be more adequately accounted for by sense of contribution than relationship concerns.

scholarly journals School Bullying Experience and Current Well-Being Among Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
A.A. Bochaver
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Educational Organization ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Resource Environment

The article aims to research the relationships of the actual well-being of students with their experience of participating in bullying at school age.The materials of qualitative and quantitative analysis of empirical data obtained on a sample of 274 students of the Moscow university (average age M=19.2, 20% men) are presented.The methods used were the Scale of Well-being, the Scale of Authenticity, the Scale of Depression, the Scale of Experiences in Close Relationships, as well as several questions about the experience of bullying in school.The results show that the frequency of school bullying and the role, played in these situations in the past, are significantly associated with the current level of depression and anxiety and avoidance in close relationships.It is also shown that, according to self-reports, the experience of bullying in school can be followed by delayed negative consequences, manifested in difficulties in self-attitude and relationships with other people, physical and mental disorders, as well as problems with social achievements.A comparison of the experience of socialization in school and university shows that there are different trajectories of experiencing one’s well-being within an educational organization: a university can become a resource environment after a difficult school experience; it can be perceived as a more formal space after close-knit communication in school; and a school and a university can be perceived as environments similar in friendliness or, conversely, in hostility.

scholarly journals Assessments of Societal Subjective Well-Being

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-91
Author(s):  
Louis Tay ◽  
Andrew T. Jebb ◽  
Victoria S. Scotney
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Level Of Analysis

This chapter examines 10 methodological issues when assessing and analyzing societal well-being using self-reports. First, there are unit-of-analysis issues: deciding the appropriate level of analysis, accounting for individual-level score variability in societal-level scores, testing isomorphism across levels, and finding ways of aggregating and accounting for score variability. Second, there are comparability issues: researchers have sought to homogenize well-being scales with different response scales or use translated measures to compare across nations. Furthermore, there is the concern of whether well-being measures can capture the full range of well-being (both positive and negative aspects). The final set of issues are prediction issues: well-being measures may be more sensitive to negative than positive events/experiences, societal well-being may not always be linearly related to variables of interest, and domain-specific measures may be more sensitive than general measures of well-being, especially when tracking specific changes in well-being or comparing subgroups.

Residential Mobility, Personality, and Subjective and Physical Well-Being

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehiro Oishi ◽  
Margarita Krochik ◽  
Dana Roth ◽  
Gary D. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European American ◽  
New Town ◽  
European Americans ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Residential Moves

Frequent residential moves in childhood may be stressful. Because introverts find making new friends in a new town more difficult than extraverts, the authors predicted that residential moves would be more negatively associated with well-being among introverts than among extraverts. To test this hypothesis, the authors collected salivary cortisol samples from morning to evening for two consecutive days, in addition to self-reports of well-being. In general, the authors found support for this prediction among European American participants but not for African Americans or Asian Americans. Extraversion seems to buffer the stress of residential moves among European Americans, whereas it does not seem to play as important a role to this end among African and Asian Americans.

scholarly journals Antecedents and Consequences of Materialism: An Integrated Theoretical Framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1(J)) ◽  
pp. 20-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen I. Duh
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences

Materialism has become an integral part of consumers’ economic activities and modern day living, with mainly negative consequences reported from materialists’ lifestyle. Some of the reported negative consequences of materialism are increasing consumer debt and bankruptcy, shrinking saving, economic crisis and lower levels of life satisfaction and well-being. Consequently, economic psychologists, consumer researchers, sociologists and family psychologists are studying the antecedents of materialism, but there is yet to be an agreement as to how the construct should be defined and on what causes or predicts materialism. Critics of materialism have often seen only negative consequences and blamed marketing activities for the growth of materialism, but substantial academic literature and empirical studies report biological, social, cultural, socio-economic, psychological and even political factors driving materialism. There is therefore a need to develop an integrated and comprehensive theoretical framework, which delineates the various predictors of materialism. There is also the need to highlight the negative, as well as positive consequences of materialism for the interest of retailers, consumer interest groups and policy makers.

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