Psychological and social risk factors in adolescent smoking transitions: A population-based longitudinal study.

Objectives: Nonadherence to medications has been documented, but the combined effect of social risk factors on medication nonadherence has not been investigated. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a population-based prospective cohort. The sample (N = 1506) included subjects who at Year 20 (2005-06) were taking prescription medications and completed a 4-item Medication Adherence Scale. Social risk factors were education of high school or less, annual household income <$25,000, high financial strain, high chronic stress, low social support, and high social strain. Results: In a fully adjusted logistic regression model, income <$25,000 (OR = 2.37 [95% CI 1.12-4.98], p < .05) and high chronic stress (OR = 2.07 [95% CI 1.09-3.94], p < .05) were significantly associated with medication nonadherence. Individuals with ≥3 social risk factors had >3 times higher odds of nonadherence than counterparts with no social risk factors (OR = 3.26 [95% CI 1.72–6.19], p < .001). Conclusion: Low income and chronic stress are associated with medication nonadherence, and the odds of nonadherence increase with the accumulation of social risk factors. Findings may be used to develop risk prediction tools to identify individuals who can benefit from adherence-promoting interventions.

Download Full-text

The influence of strain due to individual risk factors and social risk factors on depressive symptoms and suicidality-a population-based study in Korean adults

Medicine ◽

10.1097/md.0000000000011358 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 97 (27) ◽

pp. e11358 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bae Sung-Man

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Population Based ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Social Risk ◽

Social Risk Factors ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Korean Adults ◽

Individual Risk Factors

Download Full-text

Prediction of adolescent smoking from family and social risk factors at 5 years, and maternal smoking in pregnancy and at 5 and 14 years

Addiction ◽

10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01323.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 101 (2) ◽

pp. 282-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Frances V. O'Callaghan ◽

Michael O'Callaghan ◽

Jake M. Najman ◽

Gail M. Williams ◽

William Bor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Maternal Smoking ◽

Adolescent Smoking ◽

Social Risk ◽

Social Risk Factors ◽

Smoking In Pregnancy ◽

In Pregnancy

Download Full-text

Risk and protective factors of neurocognitive disorders in older adults in Central and Eastern Europe: A systematic review of population-based studies

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0260549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0260549

Author(s):

Katrin Wolfova ◽

Matej Kucera ◽

Pavla Cermakova

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Population Based ◽

Neurocognitive Disorders ◽

Social Risk ◽

Social Risk Factors ◽

Wide Range

Background A wide range of potentially modifiable risk factors, indicating that the onset of neurocognitive disorders can be delayed or prevented, have been identified. The region of Central and Eastern Europe has cultural, political and economic specifics that may influence the occurrence of risk factors and their link to the cognitive health of the population. Objective We aimed to systematically review population-based studies from Central and Eastern Europe to gather evidence on risk and protective factors for neurocognitive disorders. Methods We searched the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Embase. The search was performed on 26th of February 2020 and repeated at the end of the review process on 20th May 2021. Results We included 25 papers in a narrative synthesis of the evidence describing cardiovascular risk factors (n = 7), social factors (n = 5), oxidative stress (n = 2), vitamins (n = 2), genetic factors (n = 2) and other areas (n = 7). We found that there was a good body of evidence on the association between neurocognitive disorders and the history of cardiovascular disease while there were gaps in research of genetic and social risk factors. Conclusion We conclude that the epidemiological evidence from this region is insufficient and population-based prospectively followed cohorts should be established to allow the development of preventive strategies at national levels.

Download Full-text