The timing of entry into adult roles and changes in trajectories of problem behaviors during the transition to adulthood.

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2473-2484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica J. Martin ◽  
Shelley A. Blozis ◽  
Daria K. Boeninger ◽  
April S. Masarik ◽  
Rand D. Conger
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Timing Of Entry ◽  
Adult Roles

Emerging Adulthood Brain Development

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Taber-Thomas ◽  
Koraly Pérez-Edgar
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Psychological Dysfunction ◽  
Adult Roles

Emerging adulthood (EA) is marked by a prolonged developmental transition to adulthood, dynamic personal and environmental circumstances, and unique patterns of vulnerability to psychological dysfunction. Neurodevelopment in childhood and adolescence has been studied extensively, but EA has not yet received its due attention from developmental cognitive neuroscience. The existing evidence shows that neurodevelopment continues throughout EA in support of emerging adult roles. The data suggest a frontolimbic fine-tuning model of brain development in EA that holds that adult functions are promoted through the strengthening of prefrontal regulation of limbic function and a newly emerging balance between prefrontal subregions involved in modulating approach and avoidance. Considering the overlap between these neurodevelopmental processes and the peak incidence of numerous psychological disorders in EA, it seems that individual differences in the dynamics of emerging adulthood neurodevelopment may not only underlie differences in functioning, but also risk for psychological disorder.

Social and economic antecedents and consequences of adolescent aggressive personality: Predictions from the interactionist model

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 1111-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rand D. Conger ◽  
Monica J. Martin ◽  
April S. Masarik ◽  
Keith F. Widaman ◽  
M. Brent Donnellan
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Dysfunctional Family ◽  
Successful Transition ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
Adult Roles ◽  
Aggressive Personality

AbstractThe present study examined the development of a cohort of 279 early adolescents (52% female) from 1990 to 2005. Guided by the interactionist model of socioeconomic status and human development, we proposed that parent aggressive personality, economic circumstances, interparental conflict, and parenting characteristics would affect the development of adolescent aggressive personality traits. In turn, we hypothesized that adolescent aggressiveness would have a negative influence on adolescent functioning as an adult in terms of economic success, personality development, and close relationships 11 years later. Findings were generally supportive of the interactionist model proposition that social and economic difficulties in the family of origin intensify risk for adolescent aggressive personality (the social causation hypothesis) and that this personality trait impairs successful transition to adult roles (the social selection hypothesis) in a transactional process over time and generations. These results underscore how early development leads to child influences that appear to directly hamper the successful transition to adult roles (statistical main effects) and also amplify the negative impact of dysfunctional family systems on the transition to adulthood (statistical interaction effects). The findings suggest several possible points of intervention that might help to disrupt this negative developmental sequence of events.

Transitions to adulthood and psychological distress in young adults born 12 years apart: constraints on and resources for development

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sacker ◽  
N. Cable
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Adult Roles

BackgroundLater transitions to adult roles and responsibilities have been linked with better psychological well-being yet psychological distress has risen despite young people making the transition to adulthood at older ages over recent years.MethodWe examine the role of structural constraints and adolescent resources in the relationship between the timing of transitions and psychological distress in early adult life in the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study. Graphical chain models were used to examine the influences on timing of four key transitions and their relationship with psychological distress (Malaise Inventory). The role of structural factors at birth (gender, social class) and adolescent resources (psychosocial problems, exam grades) were modelled.ResultsAn earlier transition to adult roles was associated with an increased risk for psychological distress but so was failing to make some key transitions. Structural constraints had negative effects on successful development. Persistent social class and gender inequalities in psychological distress were evident in both cohorts. Social class constraints were mediated by educational resources whereas gender constraints were mediated by psychosocial resources. The influence of structural constraints on the timing of transitions to adult roles was more complex with evidence of positive and negative mediation and moderation effects.ConclusionsDelaying transition to adulthood promotes psychological health but failure of transition to independent living is associated with psychological distress. Life-course transitions are constrained by social origin and gender and possibly economic environment. Adolescent resources help young adults to make timely transitions to adult roles.

scholarly journals ‘I definitely feel more in control of my life’: The perspectives of young autistic people and their parents on emerging adulthood

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1765-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Cribb ◽  
Lorcan Kenny ◽  
Elizabeth Pellicano
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Executive Skills ◽  
Adult Roles ◽  
Ongoing Support

Long-term outcomes studies often paint a discouraging picture of the lives lived by autistic adults. Yet, their outcomes are often measured against normative markers of traditional adult roles, which may not apply to autistic people making the transition to adulthood. Here, we investigated the transition experiences of a group of young autistic people who were followed from childhood. Twenty-six young people and their parents ( n = 28) participated in semistructured interviews on the process of transition and their aspirations for the future. Parents often voiced serious concerns about the ongoing support their children would require and the severe lack of services designed to support them as adults. Yet, overall, young people reported feeling more in control of their own lives, including developing a sense of identity and personal autonomy, both of which may be rooted in young autistic people’s executive skills and their ability to develop and maintain trusting relationships with others – two potential candidate areas for targeted support. These results call into question whether the traditional standards to which we often hold young autistic people are developmentally appropriate and suggest that the pressures of striving towards more normative ways of engaging in the world may be detrimental to their well-being.

scholarly journals Trajectories of Marijuana use during the Transition to Adulthood: The Big Picture Based on National Panel Data

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Schulenberg ◽  
Alicia C. Merline ◽  
Lloyd D. Johnston ◽  
Patrick M. O'Malley ◽  
Jerald G. Bachman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Senior Year ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Monitoring The Future

The purposes of this study were to identify trajectory groups of frequent marijuana use during emerging adulthood; distinguish among trajectory groups according to demographic and lifestyle characteristics; and examine how the trajectory groups relate to behavioral, attitudinal, and social-emotional correlates over time. National panel data from the Monitoring the Future study were used: 18 cohorts of high school seniors (classes of 1977–1994) were followed biennially through age 24. Frequent marijuana use was defined as 3+ occasions of use in past month and/or 20 to 40+ occasions in past year. Based on four waves of complete longitudinal data (N=19,952), six frequent marijuana use trajectory groups were identified: chronic, decreased, increased, fling, rare, and abstain. Categorical analyses revealed trajectory group differences in demographic and lifestyle characteristics at senior year and age 24. The trajectory groups varied significantly in longitudinal patterns of other substance use, problem behaviors, and well-being.

scholarly journals Emerging Adulthood: Theory, Assessment and Application

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Reifman ◽  
Jeffrey Jensen Arnett ◽  
Malinda J. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Initial Scale ◽  
Parent Educators ◽  
Adult Roles ◽  
Status Differences

The later attainment of traditional adult roles by today’s youth compared to their counterparts of earlier decades has garnered considerable scholarly and public attention. This article describes a recent concept related to the transition to adulthood, known as emerging adulthood, including a discussion of relevant theory and historical background research. We then introduce a measurement instrument, the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA), which assesses identification with transition-to-adulthood themes. Results of initial scale-development studies were largely supportive of the measure’s reliability and validity. Respondents in their 20s identified with relevant themes to a greater extent than did their younger and older counterparts. Marital status differences on the IDEA emerged, but college and non-college respondents were largely similar. Finally, we provide suggestions for how parent educators can make use of the IDEA instrument in advising parents and their emerging adult children.

scholarly journals Identity and markers of adulthood: the relationship between two constructs

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-265
Author(s):  
Anna Izabela Brzezińska ◽  
Konrad Piotrowski
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychosocial Maturity ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Adult Roles ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The article presents both the classical and contemporary approaches to the analysis of identity formation. Special emphasis has been placed on the processual approach, in which identity is regarded as a dynamic construct that remains in constant, mutual relations with personal and contextual factors. Since research on identity has been predominantly based on studies conducted on individuals in adolescence and early adulthood, i.e. in the time of transition to adulthood, the article focuses on adulthood markers that may be found in this particular phase of human development. The authors have distinguished different markers of adulthood (transitions to adult roles, psychosocial maturity, sense of adulthood) and have described their links to identity. In the conclusion of the present paper, it has been stressed that future research on identity should to a large extent include factors originating from these different categories of conditions, and that researchers ought to consider the interactions of these factors as predictors of identity formation

scholarly journals ‘Forced adulthood’: An aspect of ‘quarterlife crisis’ suffered by young English and Assamese adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-37
Author(s):  
Raginie Duara ◽  
Siobhan Hugh-Jones ◽  
Anna Madill
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Education Data ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Adult Roles ◽  
The Impact

Quarterlife crisis’ describes difficulties experienced by young people in their transition to adulthood. Little is known about how this crisis manifests in different cultural contexts or the impact of educational background. Using photo-elicitation and timeline interviews, we explore the lived experience of ‘quarterlife crisis’ among 22-30 year olds from England (n=16) and Assam, India (n=8), each group including people with and people without a university-level education. Data were analysed with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. We report the key theme of ‘forced adulthood’, consisting of the traumatising experience of having to assume adult roles and responsibilities before one feels capable of so doing. We explore how cultural and educational factors shape this experience though: feeling rushed to financial self-sufficiency; having to train oneself to be an adult; and having to be the ‘man of the house’. In conclusion, we demonstrate that, even though there is some consistency around the traumatising effect of too early an assumption of adult responsibility, culture and educational background can change the contours of this experience and its meaning.

scholarly journals Health Lifestyles and the Transition to Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802312094207
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Lawrence ◽  
Stefanie Mollborn ◽  
Joshua Goode ◽  
Fred Pampel
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Health Lifestyles ◽  
Health Lifestyle ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
Adult Roles ◽  
The Life Course

Prior research has shown the theoretical importance and empirical feasibility of health lifestyles but has not examined their patterns over the life course or their dynamic associations with socioeconomic status (SES) and adult roles. The authors develop and apply a life-course approach to understanding individuals’ health lifestyles across the transition to adulthood, using U.S. data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( n = 6,863). The results show that ascribed SES is associated with adolescent health lifestyles, and those health lifestyles are associated with later health lifestyles. The results also demonstrate the developmental specificity of health lifestyles. Dissimilarities and variations in the clusterings of behaviors and their associations with SES, along with patterning of adult roles, support a contextualized, life course–focused interpretation of health lifestyle development. The authors highlight the need for an integrated life-course model of the development of health disparities that combines both stability and change.

Mastery, Homeownership, and Adult Roles During the Transition to Adulthood

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Tyndall ◽  
C. André Christie-Mizell
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Adult Roles
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