The Tangled Webs We Wreak: Examining the Structure of Aggressive Personality Using Psychometric Networks

Trait aggression is a prominent construct in the psychological literature, yet little work has sought to situate trait aggression among broader frameworks of personality. Initial evidence suggests that trait aggression may be best couched within the nomological network of the Five Factor Model (FFM). The current work sought to locate the most appropriate home for trait aggression among the FFM. We applied a preregistered regimen of psychometric network analyses to three datasets (combined N = 2,927) that contained self-reports of trait aggression and the FFM traits. Trait aggression was highly central in the factor-level networks, which contained associations consistent with the conceptualization of this construct as a lower-order component of low agreeableness. The facet-level networks revealed that the behavioral facets of trait aggression reflected low agreeableness, but that the anger and hostility facets reflected high neuroticism. The item-level network suggested that the intent to initiate aggressive encounters was the primary bridge that empirically linked trait aggression to agreeableness. Our results indicate that trait aggression is primarily a lower-order facet of agreeableness, advance our understanding of trait aggression, integrate it with broader frameworks of personality, and suggest future directions to refine this complex dispositional tendency.

Insomnia partially mediates the relationship between pathological personality traits and depression: a case-control study

Background and Objective Personality disorders are frequently associated with insomnia and depression, but little is known about the inter-relationships among these variables. Therefore, this study examined these inter-relationships and the possible mediating effect of insomnia on the association between specific personality pathologies and depression severity. Methods There were 138 study participants, including 69 individuals with depression and 69 healthy controls. The main variables were measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 (HAMD-24), Athens Sleep Insomnia Scale (AIS), and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ-4+). Multivariate linear regression and mediation analysis were conducted. Results With the exception of the antisocial personality score, all the PDQ-4+ scores and AIS scores were significantly higher in the depression group than in the healthy control group (p < 0.001). In the total sample, all personality pathology scores (p < 0.001), except the antisocial personality score, had significant positive correlations with the AIS scores and HAMD-24 scores, and the AIS scores and HAMD-24 scores were positively correlated (r = 0.620, p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that borderline personality, passive-aggressive personality, and insomnia positively predicted the severity of depression, after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, and that insomnia partially mediated the associations of borderline personality and passive-aggressive personality with depression severity. Conclusions Borderline personality, passive-aggressive personality, and insomnia tend to increase the severity of depression, and the effect of borderline and passive-aggressive personality on depression severity may be partially mediated by insomnia. This is the first study to report these findings in a Chinese sample, and they may help researchers to understand the pathways from specific personality pathologies to the psychopathology of depression better, which should be useful for designing interventions to relieve depression severity, as the impact of specific personality pathology and insomnia should be considered.

Shifts between cooperation and antagonism driven by individual variation: A systematic synthesis review

The outcomes of ecological interactions fall along a continuum from cooperative (mutually beneficial) to antagonistic (detrimental to one or both parties). This applies at both interspecific (e.g. plant-animal interactions) and intraspecific levels (e.g. male-female interactions). Phenotypic variation among individuals is increasingly being recognised as an important factor in ecological processes, and trait variation in either interacting party may determine the outcome of the interaction, such as whether a symbiont provides net costs or benefits to their host, or whether two conspecifics decide to cooperatively forage or to compete over food. This systematic review investigates the role of intraspecific trait variation (‘ITV’) in determining the cooperative-antagonistic outcome of ecological interactions. Based on a literature collection of 95 empirical and theoretical publications meeting our inclusion criteria, we give an overview of the various mechanisms that can lead to shifts between antagonism and cooperation within or between species. We describe two broad classes of interrelated mechanisms that may drive shifts in outcomes. First, trait frequency effects occur when processes influencing a population’s composition of traits linked to cooperation or antagonism (e.g. aggressive personality types, cheater/exploiter phenotypes etc.) lead to net shifts in interaction outcome. Second, systemic variance effects occur when changes in the amount of ITV in the population (as opposed to the mean phenotype) is the factor driving shifts. Both heritable genetic differences among individuals and phenotypic plasticity are important sources of phenotypic variation. The specific mix of heritable vs. plastic ITV may determine whether a change from cooperative to antagonistic, or vice versa, is likely to be short-term (i.e. context-dependent) or lead to more persistent shifts (e.g. mutualism breakdown). To guide future research on this topic we describe knowledge gaps and divergences between empirical and theoretical literature, further highlighting the value of applying research synthesis methods in ecology and evolution.

TEENAGERS’ AGGRESSION AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM

The article analyses a sufficient number of psychological literature on the problem of aggression. We have revealed the state of development of the problem under study in science, its conceptual and theoretical foundations, namely the following provisions: determination of personality behaviour by dialectical unity of external and internal (dependence of behaviour on biological and social factors); abrupt, stage personal development in ontogeny; personality development is caused by a complex influence on her psyche of heredity, environment, upbringing. The driving force behind personality development is contradiction. The development of aggression occurs in the process of socialization of the individual, and its manifestations depend on individual-psychological characteristics, social competence in the conditions of aggression, cognitive and psycho-emotional state, etc.We have found out that there are different approaches to the study of aggression, the reasons for its occurrence, to determine its nature and structure of aggressive personality behaviour. It has been established that, despite the controversy of this issue, its various interpretations, psychologists are united in the fact that aggression is a form of behaviour aimed at harming another living being. Aggressiveness is a personality trait that expresses readiness for aggression. Aggressive behaviour is a complex and multifaceted process that involves various factors, both social and biological. We have identified the prerequisites and causes of aggression in adolescence. The authors identified criteria and indicators that diagnosed the aggression of adolescents in two secondary schools: district and city. We found the levels of aggression in adolescents from both schools based on the interpretation of the obtained data. As a result of correlation measurements, we found a higher level of aggression in adolescents of urban school.

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Relasi Kuasa Pelaku Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT)

<span lang="IN">Cases of violence in Indonesia, especially against women in the household, have increased so that it is considered quite alarming. Domestic violence perpetrated by the perpetrator, in this case the husband, is motivated by power relations in the household. This research aims to analyze the factors that influence the power relations of domestic violence (KDRT).The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach with the research subject, namely a criminal case of domestic violence. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and document analysis. The data analysis technique is carried out through three activities, including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.The result of the research shows that there is a real power relation of violence in household; (1) gender perception bias, based on the results found that there is an understanding that is still gender biased in the perceptions of domestic violence perpetrators, (2) aggressive personality is higher in men. This is related to the social roles inherent in men and women. So that with a reasonable view that aggressive is higher in men, causing the perpetrator to feel for verbal and physical aggression. The perpetrator who has an aggressive personality causes him to become irritable by participating in verbal and physical aggression. (3) The perpetrator who has an antisocial personality is related to the tendency to carry out criminal activities such as domestic violence without being followed by feelings related to the act of action. The results of the research are expected to help community institutions to pay more attention to the conditions of domestic violence perpetrators and especially counselors to be able to provide interventions in the form of counseling programs to perpetrators as preventive and handling measures in order to break the chain of domestic violence. It is also hoped that the counselor can educate the perpetrators to change their mindset and behavior and help them in the future to be able to integrate with society</span><strong><span lang="IN">.</span></strong>

Love becomes hate? or love is blind? Moderating effects of brand love upon consumers’ retaliation towards brand failure

Purpose Extant literature holds contradictory views about the brand love’s moderation effect in the link between brand failure and consumer’s retaliation. This paper aims to first examine how failure severity correlates with negative emotions and how negative emotions lead to retaliation intention. Then, it probes into opposite moderation effects of brand love in these two stages. Further, it explores contingent factors, including perceived fairness, inferred goodwill, aggressive personality and brand trust, which may moderate “love is blind” effect or “love becomes hate” effect. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey was conducted among the sample of 293 responses from Thailand, and 239 responses from China. A total of eight hypotheses were tested by adopting hierarchical regression technique and slope analyses. Findings The results show that consumers facing brand failure suffer negative emotions and then generate retaliation intention. Brand love positively moderates the link between failure severity and negative emotions, which is called “love becomes hate” effect. Meanwhile, brand love negatively moderates the link between negative emotions and retaliation intention, which is called “love is blind” effect. In addition, perceived fairness and inferred goodwill alleviate “love becomes hate” effect, and aggressive personality decreases “love is blind” effect. Originality/value This study makes contribution to brand failure literature by revealing twofold moderating roles of brand love in arousing retaliation behavior of consumers who encounter product/service failure, as well as contingent factors of these roles. Also, the research findings provide managerial implications to brand managers as to how to manage brand failure and reduce consumers’ retaliation by manipulating brand love and relevant contingent variables.