FDA Approves Rapid HIV Test

Background:Occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an important threat to healthcare workers. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines recommend prompt institution of prophylaxis. This requires (1) immediate prophylaxis after exposure, pending test results that may take more than 24 hours in many hospitals; or (2) performance of a rapid test. The Single Use Diagnostic System (SUDS)® HIV-1 Test is used to screen rapidly for antibodies to HIV type 1 in plasma or serum, with a reported sensitivity of more than 99.9%. We used this test from January 1999 until September 2000, when it was withdrawn from the market following reports claiming a high rate of false-positive results.Methods:We reviewed the results of postexposure HIV testing during 21 months.Results:A total of 884 SUDS tests were performed on source patients after occupational exposures (883 negative results, 1 reactive result). The results of repeat SUDS testing on the reactive specimen were also reactive, but the results of enzyme immunoassay and Western blot testing were negative. A new specimen from the same patient showed a negative result on SUDS testing. This suggested a specificity of 99.9%. In the 4 months after SUDS testing was suspended, there was 1 false-positive result on enzyme immunoassay for 1 of 132 source patients (presumed specificity, 99.2%).Conclusion:Use of the SUDS test facilitated rapid and accurate evaluation of source specimens, obviating unnecessary prophylaxis.

Download Full-text

1661. Using Social Media to Enhance an STI Screening Program in Wuhan, China

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1525 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S608-S608

Author(s):

Margaret E Newman McCort ◽

Yanmeng Feng ◽

Haojie Huang ◽

Jonathan Lio ◽

Renslow Sherer

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Social Media ◽

High Risk ◽

Screening Program ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Public Health Services ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Rapid Hiv Test

Abstract Background 357 million people between the ages of 19 and 49 are infected each year with a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Wuhan, China is a unique setting for STI intervention as it has over 900,000 college students, a population at high risk for contracting HIV. Cultural attitudes toward premarital sex and homosexuality and poor sexual education are barriers to lowering STI rates. Additionally, 90% of Chinese healthcare is provided at large public hospitals with minimal privacy. Anonymous STI screening outside of the public hospital setting is highly desired by young adults and MSM populations. Methods Study investigators partnered with dating app Blued to advertise a nontraditional testing site where high-risk individuals were offered anonymous STI/HIV screening. With the assistance of the regional CDC and a community-based organization (CBO), rapid STI results were provided in a convenient and nonjudgmental setting. Information on sexual behavior and knowledge of STIs was surveyed for future public health interventions. Results Of 200 individuals screened for HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia, 51 (25.5%) had a positive test result. Over 10% of rectal and pharyngeal tests were positive, compared with 1% of urine tests. 3/200 (1.5%) of had positive rapid HIV test results; all were connected to treatment. Among 41 (20.5%) who learned about the study through Blued, STI prevalence was higher (31.7% vs. 23.9%, P = 0.3), compared with participants recruited through advertisement by the CBO. Most (67.5%) identified as MSM. Survey data confirmed low underlying knowledge of STI transmission and risk factors, especially regarding pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Conclusion A discreet screening service at a nontraditional site, facilitated through dating application and social media advertisement, was well received by young adult and MSM communities in Wuhan, China. Triple-site STI screening found a significant number of infections among this population and should be routinely offered by public health services. The use of real-time, convenient diagnostic testing presents an opportunity to lower HIV incidence in Wuhan, a city with a large at-risk population. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Download Full-text

HIV Screening During Pregnancy in a U.S. HIV Epicenter

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/2020/8196342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Alec Szlachta-McGinn ◽

Alexandra Aserlind ◽

Lunthita Duthely ◽

Sean Oldak ◽

Ruchi Babriwala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prenatal Care ◽

The United States ◽

South Florida ◽

High Risk Population ◽

Hiv Screening ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Third Trimester ◽

The Third ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Rapid Hiv Test

Background. The CDC and ACOG have issued guidelines for HIV screening in pregnancy for patients living in areas with high prevalence of HIV in order to minimize perinatal vertical transmission. There is a lack of data examining providers’ compliance with these guidelines in at-risk patient populations in the United States. Objective. To evaluate if HIV screening in pregnant women was performed according to guidelines at a large, urban, tertiary care medical center in South Florida. Study Design. A retrospective review was performed on 1270 prenatal and intrapartum records from women who delivered a live infant in 2015 at a single institution. Demographic and outcome data were chart abstracted and analyzed using arithmetic means and standard deviations. Results. Of the 1270 patients who met inclusion criteria, 1090 patients initiated prenatal care in the first or second trimester and delivered in the third trimester. 1000 (91.7%) patients were screened in the first or second trimester; however, only 822 (82.2%) of these were retested in the third trimester during prenatal care. Among the 178 patients lacking a third trimester test, 159 (89.3%) received rapid HIV testing upon admission for delivery. Of the 1090 patients who initiated prenatal care in the first or second trimester and delivered in the third trimester, 982 (90.1%) were screened in accordance with recommended guidelines. Of the 1270 patients initiating care in any trimester, 24 (1.9%) had no documented prenatal HIV test during prenatal care, however 22 (91.7%) had a rapid HIV test on admission for delivery. Two (0.16%) patients were not tested prenatally or prior to delivery. Conclusion. Despite 99.8% of women having at least one HIV screening test during pregnancy, there is room for improvement in routine prenatal screening in both early pregnancy and third trimester prior to onset of labor in this high-risk population.

Download Full-text

Results from a Multiple Morbidities Testing Program Offering Rapid HIV Testing Bundled with Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing

Public Health Reports ◽

10.1177/00333549081230s308 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 123 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 63-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Grace L. Reynolds ◽

Dennis G. Fisher ◽

Lucy E. Napper ◽

Kimberly A. Marsh ◽

Christine Willey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Test Results ◽

Long Beach ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Testing Program ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Rapid Hiv Testing ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Rapid Hiv Test ◽

Multiple Morbidities

Objectives. Bundling human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing with tests for other infectious diseases such as hepatitis C, syphilis, or gonorrhea has been proposed as a method to recruit at-risk individuals into HIV testing. The objectives of this study were to determine ( 1) the types of at-risk clients who choose the rapid vs. standard HIV test when bundled with hepatitis and sexually transmitted infection (STI) tests, and ( 2) whether clients receiving a rapid HIV test are more likely to return on time for hepatitis and STI test results. Methods. We recruited individuals from drug treatment programs, methadone maintenance programs, needle-exchange programs, a community-based agency serving the gay and lesbian community, and the Center for Behavioral Research and Services' office-based testing facility at California State University, Long Beach from January 2005 through November 2007. Results. A total of 2,031 clients from a multiple morbidities testing program in Long Beach, California, were tested between January 2005 and November 2007. For clients receiving hepatitis and STI testing, the majority chose the standard HIV test. Clients who received a rapid HIV test returned in significantly fewer days than clients who received a standard HIV test. Injection drug users and sex traders were more likely to choose the standard HIV test and more likely to fail to return for test results on time. Conclusion. The rapid HIV test, in conjunction with hepatitis and STI tests, results in clients being more likely to return on time for hepatitis and STI results. Public health efforts should focus on acquainting high-risk clients with rapid HIV testing.

Download Full-text

Adaptation and validation of the World Health Organization’s on Safe Childbirth Checklist for the Brazilian context

Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil ◽

10.1590/1806-93042018000200009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 401-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Isis Cristiane Bezerra de Melo Carvalho ◽

Tatyana Maria Silva de Souza Rosendo ◽

Marise Reis de Freitas ◽

Edna Marta Mendes da Silva ◽

Wilton Rodrigues Medeiros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Consensus Conference ◽

Nominal Group ◽

World Health ◽

Local Context ◽

Safe Childbirth Checklist ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Rapid Hiv Test ◽

Validation Criteria ◽

Third Stage ◽

Safe Childbirth

Abstract Objectives: to culturally adapt and validate the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC) in Brazilian hospitals. Methods: a methodological study was carried out with consensus techniques and cross-cultural adaptation stages. The original SCC underwent three adaptation and validation stages: 1- nominal group with a panel of experts; 2- consensus conference at two maternity schools, in meetings with professionals who would use the list; 3- pre-test with a structured questionnaire for health professionals from both maternities (n=40) after 30 days of using the checklist. Validation criteria contemplated the content validity, adequated to Brazilian protocols, terminology and feasibility for local context. Results: the adapted SCC in Brazil was called the Lista de Verificação para o Parto Seguro - Brasil (LVPS-BR) (Checklist for Safe Childbirth -Brazil) and included 49 items. In the first stage, the 29 items of the original SCC were approved with some adaptations (e.g. CD4 was replaced by the Rapid HIV Test). In the second stage, some of the 29 items were adjusted and added 24 items more. In the third stage, three items were excluded, two were grouped and one more was added. Conclusions: the validation process provided a potentially useful LVPS for the Brazilian context, presenting validity and feasibility evidences for the Brazilian context.

Download Full-text