Wristbands in Home-Based Rehabilitation—Validation of Heart Rate Measurement

The possibility of using a smartwatch as a rehabilitation tool to monitor patients’ heart rates during exercise has gained the attention of many researchers. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the HR measurement performed by two wrist monitors: the Fitbit Charge 4 and the Xiaomi Mi Band 5. Thirty-one healthy volunteers were asked to perform a stress test on a treadmill. Their heart rates were recorded simultaneously by the wristbands and an electrocardiogram (ECG) at 1 min intervals. The mean absolute error percentage (MAPE), Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (LCCC), and Bland–Altman analysis were calculated to compare the precision and accuracy of heart rate measurements. The estimated validation criteria were MAPE < 10% and LCCC < 0.8. The overall MAPE and LCCC of the Fitbit were 10.19% (±11.79%) and 0.753 (95% CI: 0.717–0.785), respectively. The MAPE and LCCC of the Xiaomi were 6.89% (±9.75) and 0.903 (0.886–0.917), respectively. The precision and accuracy of both devices decreased with the increased exercise intensity. The accuracy of wearable wrist-worn heart rate monitors varies and depends on the intensity of training. Therefore, the decision to use such a device as a heart rate monitor during in-home rehabilitation should be made with caution.

Spectroscopic Estimation of Doxylamine Succinate in Tablets and Human Plasma by Formation of Ion-pair Complex

Aim: To develop a simple spectroscopic method for estimation of doxylamine (DOX) succinate in its tablet dosage form and human plasma with the aid of an ion-pair complex formation. Methods: In this method, methyl orange (0.05 % w/v) dye was used to form an ion-pair complex in acetate buffer (1M; pH: 5.00) at 300 C ± 20C. The ion-pair complex formed was extracted with chloroform. The maximum absorbance for the ion-pair complex was measured at 420 nm. Results and discussion: The method conditions were obeyed Beer's law in the concentrations ranging from 5-25 µg/mL of DOX succinate with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.992. The ion-pair (drug-dye) complex was formed in a 1:1 ratio which was demonstrated by Jobs' method of continuous variation. The method was satisfied the validation criteria as per ICH (Q2R1) guidelines. Accuracy studies showed 99.06-100.9 % recovery of the analyte. The responses of the precision and robustness were found within acceptable limits (<2% RSD). The LOD and LOQ values were found as 0.31 and 0.939 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The developed method was simple, specific, and economical and requires a short analysis time. Therefore it could be considered for precise analysis of DOX succinate in biological matrices.

VALIDITY OF LEARNING TOOLS TO MEASURE CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH STUDENTS

The success of a teaching process cannot be separated from the learning tools used, one of the requirements is that the learning tools must be valid. The success of a teaching process is measured by the extent to which students can master the subject matter presented by the teacher. A learning model is needed that can make it easier to develop critical thinking skills so that a truly valid learning tool is obtained to measure the potential and skills that exist in students. Among the learning models that emphasize the process of seeking and finding is the inquiry model. This study aims to prepare in measuring critical thinking skills of Madrasah Tsanawiyah students. The Learning Toolkit has been validated by 3 experts and will then be averaged to find the final score. The values obtained will be entered into the validation criteria table based on the validation criteria table and the results are that the tools made are very valid and can be used in the teaching and learning process because previously the tools made have been revised several times. Keywords: validity, learning tools, critical thinking skills AbstrakKeberhasilan suatu proses pengajaran tidak terlepas dari perangkat pembelajaran yang digunakan, salah satu persyaratan adalah perangkat pembelajaran harus valid. Keberhasilan suatu proses pengajaran diukur dari sejauh mana siswa dapat menguasai materi pelajaran yang disampaikan guru. Diperlukan suatu model pembelajaran yang dapat memudahkan dalam mengembangkan perangkat keterampilan berpikir kritis sehingga didapatkan suatu perangkat pembelajaran yang benar-benar valid untuk mengukur potensi dan keterampilan yang ada pada diri siswa. Diantara model pembelajaran yang menekankan kepada proses mencari dan menemukan adalah model inkuiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempersiapkan dalam mengukur keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa Madrasasah Tsanawiyah. Perangkat Pembelajaran sudah divalidasi oleh 3 orang ahli kemudian akan dirata-ratakan untuk mencari nilai akhir. Nilai yang didapat akan dimasukkan ke dalam tabel kriteria validasi diberdasarkan tabel kriteria validasi dan hasilnya perangkat yang dibuat termasuk sangat valid dan dapat digunakan dalam proses belajar mengajar karena sebelumnya perangkat yang dibuat sudah dilakukan beberapa kali revisi. Kata kunci: kevalidan, perangkat pembelajaran, keterampilan berpikir kritis

Profiling the Concentration of Reduced and Oxidized Glutathione in Rat Brain Using HPLC/DAD Chromatographic System

This study aimed to develop a HPLC/DAD method in order to determine and quantify the reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels in rat brain. Due to the presence of the thiol group (-SH), GSH can interact with the Ellman's reagent (DTNB), with which it forms a reaction product through which the level of GSH can be quantified, using the DAD detection system. Chromatographic separation was achieved after a derivatization process by using a mobile phase acetonitrile (A) and phosphate buffer (20 mM, pH = 2.5) (B). The compounds of interest were detected at 330 nm using a chromatographic C8 column. The method of determination met the validation criteria, specified by the regulatory bodies. The applicability of the method was demonstrated in a chronic toxicology study of central nervous system (CNS), following different treatment regimens with haloperidol.

Scientifically validated applications for monitoring the practice of physical activities and energy expenditure using the smartphone accelerometer: a integrative review

Introduction: Mobile technologies, especially smartphone applications, have contributed a lot in the area of health and physical activity, but there is an increasing concern with the validation criteria of these tools. It is extremely important to know if the physiological parameters used are safe and reliable to promote and monitor the practice of physical activity. With technological innovation, it is possible to process the data of accelerometer to measure energy expenditure. Objective: this study searched for evidence of scientific validation in Apps that uses smartphone’s accelerometer as energy expenditure indicator. Method: The keywords, inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined. The selected articles were categorized using an adapted questionnaire. Result: In a total of 1923 articles, eight articles meted all inclusion criteria that developed and validated apps for physical activity analysis. Conclusion: The results induced the effectiveness of smartphone's accelerometer to recognize physical activity and energy expenditure. It can be used to encourage healthy and safe practices, leading to improvements in quality of life. The limited number of articles with scientifically validated Applications indicates the need for more research.

Clustering Algorithms: An Exploratory Review

A process of similar data items into groups is called data clustering. Partitioning a Data Set into some groups based on the resemblance within a group by using various algorithms. Partition Based algorithms key idea is to split the data points into partitions and each one replicates one cluster. The performance of partition depends on certain objective functions. Evolutionary algorithms are used for the evolution of social aspects and to provide optimum solutions for huge optimization problems. In this paper, a survey of various partitioning and evolutionary algorithms can be implemented on a benchmark dataset and proposed to apply some validation criteria methods such as Root-Mean-Square Standard Deviation, R-square and SSD, etc., on some algorithms like Leader, ISODATA, SGO and PSO, and so on.

PENGEMBANGAN MAJALAH SAINS DIGITAL BERBASIS LITERASI SAINS PADA MATERI PEMANASAN GLOBAL UNTUK SISWA KELAS VII DI SMP NEGERI 1 RAMBIPUJI

This study aims to obtain information on product validation of science literacy-based science magazines in science learning about global warming in class VII and to describe students’ responses to science magazines based on scientific literacy in science learning on the subject of global warming in class VII. This study uses an R&D (Research & Development) development approach with the Hannafin and Peck model which has three learning designs, namely needs analysis (needs assess), design (design), development/ implementation (develop/ implement). The result showed that science literacy-based science magazine teaching materials based on the assessment of material experts met the validation criteria of 95%, media experts met the validation criteria of 86,15%, and student responses stated that they were interesting 87,11%, so that the teaching materials developed met the criteria valid and attractive criteria.

Carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide therapeutic drug monitoring and biochemical and hematological evaluation in bipolar disorder outpatients

The objective of this study was to validate an analytical technique with HPLC-PDA for plasma measurement of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its metabolite carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide (CBZ-E) for therapeutic monitoring (TM) of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD), as well as evaluating hematological and biochemical parameters of patients using CBZ. Sixteen patients registered with the Public Service of Psychiatry were selected. CBZ and CBZ-E measurements were performed with HPLC-PDA shimadzu LC-20 AT Prominence, under concentration gradient. Validation criteria: selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, stability. Hematological and biochemical tests were performed using conventional methods. As a result, it was obtained: accuracy >85% and precision <15%, good selectivity, robustness and stability, LOQ = 250 ng.mL-1 and HQL = 60,000 ng.mL-1. Among patients, 25% and 6.25% had CBZ and CBZ-E levels within the therapeutic range, respectively. There were hematological and biochemical changes related to the drug. The validated method is reliable for its intended purpose. TM proved to be extremely useful for detecting therapeutic failure.

A Simple HPLC/DAD Method Validation for the Quantification of Malondialdehyde in Rodent’s Brain

In the present study, a HPLC/DAD method was set up to allow for the determination and quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain of rodents (rats). Chromatographic separation was achieved on Supelcosil LC-18 (3 μm) SUPELCO Column 3.3 cm × 4.6 mm and Supelco Column Saver 0.5 μm filter by using a mobile phase acetonitrile (A) and phosphate buffer (20 mM, pH = 6) (B). Isocratic elution was 14% for (A) and 86% for (B). The injection volume (loop mode) was 100 μL with an analysis time of 1.5 min. Flow rate was set at 1 mL/min. The eluted compound was detected at 532 nm by a DAD detector by keeping the column oven at room temperature. The results indicated that the method has good linearity in the range of 0.2–20 μg/g. Both intra- and inter-day precision, expressed as RSD, were ≤15% and the accuracies ranged between ±15%. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), stability, and robustness were evaluated and satisfied the validation criteria. The method was successfully applied in a study of chronic toxicology following different treatment regimens with haloperidol and metformin.