Post-Treatment Outcome in Conduct-Disordered Boys

AbstractObjectives: Cognitive reserve (CR), defined as individual differences in the ability to cope with brain damage, seem to be associated to the several psychopathological features in psychiatric patients, such as the functional outcome. This study aims to identify different profiles of CR by combining intelligence quotient (IQ) and premorbid functioning, two measures independently associated to CR in previous works, as well as to explore CR effect on both Theory of Mind (ToM) baseline performance and improvement after socio-cognitive trainings. Methods: Sixty patients with chronic schizophrenia underwent a socio-cognitive rehabilitation. All patients were assessed for psychopathology, neurocognition, and ToM at baseline and post-treatment. CR profiles were explored with K-means cluster analysis, while differences between clusters in both baseline assessments and post-treatment ToM improvement, were analyzed by means of analysis of variance and repeated measures analysis of covariance. Results: The analysis revealed three CR profiles, respectively, characterized by low early premorbid functioning and mild intellectual impairment, average/high early premorbid functioning trend with moderate intellectual impairment and good early premorbid functioning associated to IQ within normal limits. Analyses showed a significant effect of CR on both baseline ToM performance and treatment outcome: patients with higher CR reached significantly better ToM scores. Conclusions: These results underline the clinical relevance of defining CR profiles of patients to customize trainings: subjects with a lower CR may benefit from more intensive programs. A deeper knowledge about CR may considerably increase our understanding of individual differences and thus potentiate treatment outcome. (JINS, 2018, 24, 563–571)

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Personalized attention control therapy for PTSD: effectiveness and moderators of outcome in a randomized controlled trial

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291720004304 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Adva Segal ◽

Daniel S. Pine ◽

Yair Bar-Haim

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Attention Control ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Control Therapy ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Attentional Interference

Abstract Background Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that attention control therapy (ACT), targeting aberrant fluctuations of attention toward and away from threats in patients with PTSD, may be effective in reducing symptoms. The current RCT examined whether the use of personalized-trauma stimuli enhances ACT efficacy in patients with PTSD. Additional moderators of treatment outcome were tested on an exploratory basis. Methods Sixty patients with PTSD were randomly assigned to either personalized ACT, non-personalized ACT, or a control condition. Changes in symptoms were examined across pre-treatment, post-treatment, and a 3-month follow-up. Attentional interference was examined pre- and post-treatment. Baseline clinical and cognitive indices as well as the time elapsed since the trauma were tested as potential moderators of treatment outcome. Results A significant reduction in clinical symptoms was noted for all three conditions with no between-group differences. Attention bias variability decreased following ACT treatment. Personalized ACT was more effective relative to the control condition when less time had elapsed since the trauma. Baseline clinical and cognitive indices did not moderate treatment outcome. Conclusions In this RCT of patients with PTSD, ACT was no more effective in reducing PTSD symptoms than a control condition. The data also suggest a potential benefit of personalized ACT for patients who experienced their trauma more recently.

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A computational framework to predict post-treatment outcome for gait-related disorders

Medical Engineering & Physics ◽

10.1016/j.medengphy.2007.05.005 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 434-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Jeffrey A. Reinbolt ◽

Raphael T. Haftka ◽

Terese L. Chmielewski ◽

Benjamin J. Fregly

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Computational Framework

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TREATMENT OF VERTIGO- WITH & WITHOUT ANXIOLYTIC DRUG (ALPRAZOLAM 0.25MG)

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v1i1.7922 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (Suppl-3) ◽

pp. S445-47

Author(s):

Muhammad Waqas Ayub ◽

Syed Muhammad Asad Shabbir Bukhari ◽

Mohsin Raza ◽

Asma Waqas ◽

Beenish Hassan Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Treatment Outcome ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Conventional Treatment ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Beck Anxiety Inventory ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Trial Group ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Objective: To compare the effect of using the tablet Alprazolam 0.25mg in the treatment outcome of vertigo related anxiety by beck anxiety inventory. Study Design: Comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Okara Cantt, Sep 2018 to Jun 2020. Methodology: A total of 384 patients were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to group A and B by randomized clinical trial. Group A was given tablet alprazolam 0.25 mg along with the conventional treatment of vertigo and group B was given the treatment of vertigo only and no anxiolytic was added. Their pre & post treatment (after 2 weeks) anxiety level using Beck anxiety inventory was scored. Results: There was a significant improvement in group A patient’s vertigo effects after treatment with alprazolam. Also, it was observed that group A patients responded significant improvement in anxiety score as compared to Group B patients 02 weeks post treatment. Conclusion: Antianxiety treatment should be added in all cases with the conventional treatment of vertigo to reduce the vertigo associated anxiety of the patients.

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Spirituality, Happiness, and Psychological Well-being in 13- to 15-year olds: A Cross-country Longitudinal RCT Study

Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling Advancing theory and professional practice through scholarly and reflective publications ◽

10.1177/1542305016687581 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 12-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Samta P. Pandya

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Well Being ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Post Test ◽

Cross Country ◽

Experimental Group

Based on a study of 5339 adolescents from 60 schools across 15 countries, this paper reports on the effect of spirituality on their happiness and psychological well-being. A customized spiritual program was administered and post-treatment outcome variable scores of the experimental group were higher. Adolescents from relatively affluent nations, boys, Christians, and those who self-practiced scored higher post-test. This makes a case for nominating spirituality as an important developmental variable for 13- to 15-year olds.

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Development of the therapeutic alliance and its association with treatment outcome in internet-based Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (eMBCT) compared to group-based MBCT (MBCT) for distressed cancer patients (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.14065 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Else Bisseling ◽

Linda Cillessen ◽

Philip Spinhoven ◽

Melanie Schellekens ◽

Félix Compen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Therapeutic Alliance ◽

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Psychological Treatment ◽

Well Being ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Treatment Dropout ◽

Mental Well Being

BACKGROUND Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is an evidence-based group-based psychological treatment in oncology, resulting in reduction of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Internet-based Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (eMBCT) has been found to be an effective alternative for MBCT. The therapeutic alliance, i.e. the bond between therapist and patient, is known to have a significant impact on psychological treatment outcomes, including MBCT. A primary concern in the practice of eMBCT is whether a good therapeutic alliance can develop. Although evidence for the beneficial effect of therapist-assistance on treatment outcome in internet-based interventions (IBIs) is accumulating, it is still unclear whether the therapeutic alliance is related to outcome in IBIs. OBJECTIVE The objectives of the present study were: (1) to explore whether early therapeutic alliance predicts treatment dropout in (e)MBCT; (2) to compare the development of the therapeutic alliance during eMBCT and MBCT; and (3) to examine whether early therapeutic alliance is a predictor of the reduction of psychological distress and the increase of mental well-being at post-treatment in both conditions. METHODS The present study was part of a multicentre randomized controlled trial (RCT; n=245) on the effectiveness of (e)MBCT for distressed cancer patients. The therapeutic alliance was measured at the start of week 2 (i.e. early therapeutic alliance), week 5 and week 9. Outcome measures were psychological distress, measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and mental-wellbeing, measured with the Mental Health Coninuum-short form (MHC-SF). RESULTS The strength of early therapeutic alliance did not predict treatment dropout in (e)MBCT (B=-0.39, p=.21). Therapeutic alliance increased over time in both conditions (F=16.46,Wilks’ λ=.732, p<.001). This increase did not differ between eMBCT and MBCT (F=0.114, p=.74). Therapeutic alliance at week 2 predicted a reduction of psychological distress (B=-.126, t=-2.656, p=.01) and an increase of in mental well-being (B=.234, t=2.651, p=.01) at post-treatment. The relationship with reduction of psychological distress differed between treatments: a weaker early therapeutic alliance predicted higher psychological distress at post-treatment in MBCT but not in eMBCT(B=.217, t=2.261, p=.03). CONCLUSIONS A therapeutic alliance can develop in both eMBCT and MBCT. Findings revealed that the strength of early alliance did not predict treatment dropout. Furthermore, the level of therapeutic alliance predicted reduced psychological distress and increased mental well-being at post-treatment in both conditions. Interestingly, the strength of therapeutic alliance is appeared to be more related to treatment outcome in group-based MBCT than in eMBCT. CLINICALTRIAL NCT02138513 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02138513

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