Personality Factors in Drug Addiction

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Butcher ◽  
JAMA ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 194 (6) ◽  
pp. 680a-681
Author(s):  
V. H. Vogel
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Roland Simon

Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung: Monitoringsysteme für die Behandlung von Substanzbezogenen Störungen (MfS) werden eingesetzt, um den Gesundheitszustand der Zielgruppe, Interventionen und deren Ergebnisse zu erfassen. Die Entwicklung der bestehenden Systeme, Möglichkeiten und Probleme werden untersucht. Methodik: Da MfS selten Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher Publikationen sind, wurden, ausgehend von zentralen Publikationen des European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), der Pompidou-Gruppe und der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) / United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) relevante Publikationen gesucht. Diese sind, zusammen mit der langjährigen Erfahrung in deutschen und europäischen MfS, Grundlage der Darstellung. Ergebnisse: Ähnliche Bedingungen und ein regelmäßiger Austausch haben zu Gemeinsamkeiten bei nationalen und internationalen MfS geführt. Zentrale Merkmale sind: eine Vielzahl beteiligter Akteure aus Versorgung, Finanzierung, Wissenschaft, Technik und Administration; Themenfelder: Verfügbarkeit und Zugang, Effektivität und Effizienz, Akzeptanz und Nutzung von Behandlung; Erhebungseinheiten: Klient, Therapeut, Einrichtung, Behandlung und Ergebnisse. Daten aus der Routineerhebung werden in meist anonymisierter Form regelmäßig zusammengeführt und berichtet. Zentrale Ziele sind dabei die Erkennung von Trends und Veränderungen, Abschätzung von Bedarf und Rückmeldung über die Effekte von Interventionen. Als kritisch erwiesen sich die Repräsentativität der Stichproben, nicht zu kontrollierende Einflussfaktoren und Probleme der Vergleichbarkeit zwischen Regionen, Teilgruppen und über die Zeit. Schlussfolgerungen: MfS sollten trotz methodischer Probleme und Einschränkungen weiter verwendet werden, da Informationen zu Behandlungsbedarf, Durchführung und Ergebnissen von Interventionen im Bereich der Suchthilfe zeitnah notwendig sind und alternative Datenquellen fehlen. Eine klarere Zielsetzung und bessere Konzeption, langfristige Perspektiven, Unabhängigkeit und Qualitätssicherung, eine kritische Interpretation der Ergebnisse und eine bessere Verknüpfung zwischen MfS, anderen Datenquellen und wissenschaftlicher Forschung könnten Wert und Bedeutung von MfS deutlich erhöhen.


Author(s):  
Marc Allroggen ◽  
Peter Rehmann ◽  
Eva Schürch ◽  
Carolyn C. Morf ◽  
Michael Kölch

Abstract.Narcissism is seen as a multidimensional construct that consists of two manifestations: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In order to define these two manifestations, their relationship to personality factors has increasingly become of interest. However, so far no studies have considered the relationship between different phenotypes of narcissism and personality factors in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we examine a group of adolescents (n = 98; average age 16.77 years; 23.5 % female) with regard to the relationship between Big Five personality factors and pathological narcissism using self-report instruments. This group is compared to a group of young adults (n = 38; average age 19.69 years; 25.6 % female). Results: Grandiose narcissism is primarily related to low Agreeableness and Extraversion, vulnerable narcissism to Neuroticism. We do not find differences between adolescents and young adults concerning the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and personality traits. Discussion: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism can be well differentiated in adolescents, and the pattern does not show substantial differences compared to young adults.


2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Amelang ◽  
Petra Hasselbach ◽  
Til Stürmer

Abstract. Ten years ago a sample of N = 5.133 male and female subjects (age 28-74) responded to questionnaires including scales for personality, life style, work stress as well as questions on prevalent disease. We now report on the follow-up regarding self-reported incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. During a mean follow-up of 10 years, 257 participants had died. Of those alive, N = 4.010 (82%) participated in the follow-up. Of these, 120 and 180 persons reported incident cardiovascular disease and cancer, respectively. The incidence of cardiovascular disease could be significantly predicted by the personality factors “Emotional Lability”, “Behavioral Control” and “Type-A-Behavior” as well as by the “Rationality/Antemotionality”-scale according to Grossarth-Maticek. After controlling for age, gender and smoking behavior only the significant effect of “Emotional Lability” remained and the predictors according to Grossarth-Maticek had no incremental validity. Cancer could not be predicted by any personality factors.


Crisis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon A. Leenaars

Summary: Older adults consistently have the highest rates of suicide in most societies. Despite the paucity of studies until recently, research has shown that suicides in later life are best understood as a multidimensional event. An especially neglected area of research is the psychological/psychiatric study of personality factors in the event. This paper outlines one comprehensive model of suicide and then raises the question: Is such a psychiatric/psychological theory applicable to all suicides in the elderly? To address the question, I discuss the case of Sigmund Freud; raise the topic of suicide and/or dignified death in the terminally ill; and examine suicide notes of the both terminally ill and nonterminally ill elderly. I conclude that, indeed, greater study and theory building are needed into the “suicides” of the elderly, including those who are terminally ill.


2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Aitken Schermer ◽  
Andrew M. Johnson ◽  
Philip A. Vernon ◽  
Kerry L. Jang

The relationship between self-report abilities and personality was examined at both the phenotypic (zero-order) level as well as at the genetic and environmental levels. Twins and siblings (N = 516) completed self-report ability and personality questionnaires. A factor analysis of the ability questions revealed 10 factors, including politics, interpersonal relationships, practical tasks, intellectual pursuits, academic skills, entrepreneur/business, domestic skills, vocal abilities, and creativity. Five personality factors were examined, including extraversion, conscientiousness, dependence, aggression, and openness. At the phenotypic level, the correlations between the ability factor scores and personality factor scores ranged from 0 to .60 (between political abilities and extraversion). The relationship between the two areas at the genetic level was found to range between –.01 and .60; the environmental correlations ranged from –.01 to .48. The results suggest that some of the self-report ability scores are related to self-report personality, and that some of these observed relationships may have a common genetic basis while others are from a common environmental factor.


1960 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 204-204
Author(s):  
DAVID P. AUSUBEL

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