Identifying Strategy Use in Category Learning Tasks: A Case for More Diagnostic Data and Models

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Newell ◽  
Chris Donkin ◽  
Michael Kalish ◽  
John Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Category Learning ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Diagnostic Data ◽  
Learning Tasks

Identifying strategy use in category learning tasks: A case for more diagnostic data and models.

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Donkin ◽  
Ben R. Newell ◽  
Mike Kalish ◽  
John C. Dunn ◽  
Robert M. Nosofsky
Keyword(s):  
Category Learning ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Diagnostic Data ◽  
Learning Tasks

scholarly journals An Examination of Strategy Implementation During Abstract Nonlinguistic Category Learning in Aphasia

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Vallila-Rohter ◽  
Swathi Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Category Learning ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Feedback Processing ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Single Feature

Purpose Our purpose was to study strategy use during nonlinguistic category learning in aphasia. Method Twelve control participants without aphasia and 53 participants with aphasia (PWA) completed a computerized feedback-based category learning task consisting of training and testing phases. Accuracy rates of categorization in testing phases were calculated. To evaluate strategy use, strategy analyses were conducted over training and testing phases. Participant data were compared with model data that simulated complex multi-cue, single feature, and random pattern strategies. Learning success and strategy use were evaluated within the context of standardized cognitive–linguistic assessments. Results Categorization accuracy was higher among control participants than among PWA. The majority of control participants implemented suboptimal or optimal multi-cue and single-feature strategies by testing phases of the experiment. In contrast, a large subgroup of PWA implemented random patterns, or no strategy, during both training and testing phases of the experiment. Conclusions Person-to-person variability arises not only in category learning ability but also in the strategies implemented to complete category learning tasks. PWA less frequently developed effective strategies during category learning tasks than control participants. Certain PWA may have impairments of strategy development or feedback processing not captured by language and currently probed cognitive abilities.

Category Learning Strategies in Two-Dimensional, Two-Modality Learning Tasks

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Boomer ◽  
Alexandria C. Zakrzewski ◽  
Jennifer R. Johnston ◽  
Barbara A. Church ◽  
Robert Musgrave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Category Learning ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Learning Tasks

scholarly journals The Effects of Feature Verbalizablity on Category Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bailey Brashears ◽  
John Paul Minda
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Category Learning ◽  
Interactive Video ◽  
Family Resemblance ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Game Environment ◽  
Interactive Video Game

This study intended to investigate the effects of varying factors on the use of verbal and implicit classification systems when learning novel categories in an interactive video game environment by measuring the effects of feature type (easy vs difficult to describe verbally). Verbal and implicit classification were operationalized by measuring rule-based and family resemblance strategy use respectively. This experiment found that participants presented with stimuli that were easy to describe verbally were more likely to use rule- based classification, while participants presented with stimuli that were difficult to describe verbally showed no preference for one form of classification. The results of this study open up a novel field of research within category learning, further exploring the effects of feature verbalizablity.

Impaired Sensorimotor Adaption in Schizophrenia in Comparison to Age-Matched and Elderly Controls

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Claudia Cornelis ◽  
Livia J. De Picker ◽  
Violette Coppens ◽  
Anne Morsel ◽  
Maarten Timmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Adaptation ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Sensorimotor Adaptation ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Reversal Task ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Gain Adaptation ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Adaptation Task

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The “cognitive dysmetria hypothesis” of schizophrenia proposes a disrupted communication between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, resulting in sensorimotor and cognitive symptoms. Sensorimotor adaptation relies strongly on the function of the cerebellum. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This study investigated whether sensorimotor adaptation is reduced in schizophrenia compared with age-matched and elderly healthy controls. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twenty-nine stably treated patients with schizophrenia, 30 age-matched, and 30 elderly controls were tested in three motor adaptation tasks in which visual movement feedback was unexpectedly altered. In the “rotation adaptation task” the perturbation consisted of a rotation (30° clockwise), in the “gain adaptation task” the extent of the movement feedback was reduced (by a factor of 0.7) and in the “vertical reversal task,” up- and downward pen movements were reversed by 180°. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients with schizophrenia adapted to the perturbations, but their movement times and errors were substantially larger than controls. Unexpectedly, the magnitude of adaptation was significantly smaller in schizophrenia than elderly participants. The impairment already occurred during the first adaptation trials, pointing to a decline in explicit strategy use. Additionally, post-adaptation aftereffects provided strong evidence for impaired implicit adaptation learning. Both negative and positive schizophrenia symptom severities were correlated with indices of the amount of adaptation and its aftereffects. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Both explicit and implicit components of sensorimotor adaptation learning were reduced in patients with schizophrenia, adding to the evidence for a role of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Elderly individuals outperformed schizophrenia patients in the adaptation learning tasks.

scholarly journals Learning of speech categories in humans and Zebra Finches

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Botskaris ◽  
B. Kriengwatana ◽  
C. ten Cate
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Category Learning ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Methods Of Learning

AbstractThe survival of organisms depends highly on their ability to adjust their behavior according to proper categorizations of various events. More than one strategy can be used in categorization. One is the Rule-Based (RB) strategy and the other is Information-Integration (II) strategy. In this research we analyzed the differences between avian and human cognition. Twelve Greek listeners and four Zebra finches were tested in speech category learning tasks. In particular, both humans and Zebra finches had to categorize between Dutch vowels that differ on duration, frequency or both depending on the condition. Feedback was given for correct and incorrect responses. The results showed that humans and Zebra finches are probably using the same methods of learning depending on the categorization tasks that they are exposed to. If Zebra Finches are actually able to acquire (RB) and (II) category structures using the same strategies as humans, the utility of multiple systems of categorization might not be restricted to primates as current literature suggest.

scholarly journals Schematic Support increases Memory Strategy Use in Young and Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Kuhns ◽  
Dayna R Touron
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Retrieval Strategy ◽  
Noun Pair ◽  
Retrieval Accuracy ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Task Experience

During learning, a shift in processing often occurs with increased task experience, where initialslow, algorithmic processing proceeds into fast, retrieval-based processing. Older adults are slower than young adults in the rate at which this shift occurs, in part due a reluctance to use a retrieval strategy. The present research employed task materials that alleviate age-related differences in associative memory so that participants could rely on prior knowledge, or schematic support. The goal was to determine whether older adults’ retrieval reluctance is due to a general avoidance of using the retrieval strategy or to low confidence in their memory for unfamiliar task materials. Participants completed two learning tasks: the Noun-Pair Lookup Task, where task materials consist of unrelated noun pairs, and an isomorph, the Grocery-Price Look Task, where task materials were grocery-items and prices. In this second task, the prices were either market-priced and consistent with everyday experience or were overpriced. Older adults were retrieval reluctant in the Noun-Pair Lookup Task, replicating previous findings. Stark condition differences were found in the Grocery-Price Lookup Task; older adults shifted much sooner for market-priced materials than for overpriced materials, and young adults shifted much later than expected for overpriced materials, where their final levels of learning were inconsistent with their memory use. Condition differences in retrieval use were substantially larger than the differences in retrieval accuracy. These results imply that confidence in using the retrieval strategy matters for both young and older adults, and that retrieval reluctance is not solely an age-related phenomenon.

scholarly journals Temperament and Visual Category Learning Strategy Use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianshu Zhu ◽  
John Paul Minda
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Category Learning ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
Affective Temperament ◽  
Temperament Traits

Transient affective states have been shown to affect cognition, including category learning, but less is known about the role of stable temperament traits and categorization. We examined affective temperament traits to see whether the tendency to experience negative and positive affect is predictive of category learning performance and strategy use. Working memory and attentional control were measured as covariates. Participants first completed the Adult Temperament Questionnaire (Evans &amp; Rothbart, 2007) including two affective temperament factors and an attentional control factor. Then they completed a memory task followed by either a conjunctive rule-based (CR) or an information integration (II) category learning task. Results showed that people who tend to experience more positive affect and less negative affect achieved higher accuracy and were more likely to find the optimal strategy in the II task compared to people who tend to experience more negative affect and less positive affect. However, no performance or strategy use difference was seen in the CR task across different temperament profiles. These results extend prior literature and provide additional insights on the effects of stable traits on category learning.

scholarly journals Models of probabilistic category learning in Parkinson’s disease: Strategy use and the effects of L-dopa

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Speekenbrink ◽  
David A. Lagnado ◽  
Leonora Wilkinson ◽  
Marjan Jahanshahi ◽  
David R. Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Category Learning ◽  
Strategy Use
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