Findings From the CJ-DATS Targeted Interventions for Corrections (TIC) Study

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Knight ◽  
Dwayne Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Interventions

Child and Adolescent Suicide Deaths in New Mexico, 1990-1994

Crisis ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
DD Werenko ◽  
LM Olson ◽  
L Fullerton-Gleason ◽  
AW Lynch ◽  
RE Zumwalt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Medical Examiner ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Youth Activity

The suicide death rate in New Mexico is consistently higher than the national rate. Among adolescents, suicide is the third leading cause of death nationally, but in New Mexico it is the second leading cause of death. This study describes the pattern of adolescent suicide deaths in New Mexico. We conducted a retrospective review of all medical examiner autopsies for adolescent suicides (ages 20 years and younger) in New Mexico from 1990-1994. Records were reviewed for demographics and possible contributing factors such as depression, previous attempts, and alcohol and drug use. We identified 184 suicide deaths among children and adolescents ages 9-20 years for an overall rate of 12.9 per 100,000. Our rates for ages 5-9 years (0.2), 10-14 years (3.8), and 15-19 years (22.3) are over twice the U.S. rates. Suicide deaths resulted primarily from firearms (67%), hanging (16%), poisoning (6%), inhalation (4%), and other methods (7%). Method varied by ethnicity (p = .01) and gender (p = .03); males and non-Hispanic Whites were overrepresented among firearm deaths. Firearm ownership was known in 60 (48%) of the firearm deaths. Of these, 53% of the firearms belonged to a family member, 25% to the decedent, and 22% to a friend. Over one-third of decedents (41%) experienced mental disorders, primarily depressed mood and clinical depression. Previous suicide attempts were noted for 15% of the decedents. Some 50% of the decedents had alcohol or drugs present at the time of death; among American Indians/Alaska Natives, 74% had drugs or alcohol present (p = .003). Targeted interventions are needed to reduce adolescent suicide in New Mexico. We suggest raising awareness about acute and chronic contributing factors to suicide; training physicians to look for behavioral manifestations of depression; and involving physicians, teachers, and youth activity leaders in efforts to limit firearm accessibility, such as advising parents to remove firearms from their households.

Supporting freshmen in stressful curricula: Acceptability of new universal and targeted interventions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M. Suldo ◽  
Elizabeth Shaunessy-Dedrick ◽  
Lindsey M. O'Brennan ◽  
Janise Parker ◽  
Robert Dedrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Interventions

Prediction of dark personality traits and self-destruction based on emotion regulation among adolescent females

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽  
Academic Year

Background and Aims: Temperament is determined as a relatively constant, basic, and innate position that underlies and modifies the expression of activity, emotionality, and sociability among people. The current study aimed to investigate the prediction of dark personality traits and self-destruction based on emotion regulation among adolescent females. Materials and Methods: This correlational study included 250 adolescent females using a cluster sampling method in the academic year of 2018-19 in Shiraz, Iran. The participants were asked to complete Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Dark Triad Scale, and Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale. Results: The results of the regression analysis showed that emotion regulation with beta coefficients was able to predict significant and positive dark personality traits (0.25), narcissism (0.49), Machiavellianism (0.39), psychopathy (0.32), sadism (0.35), and self-destructiveness (0.49) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Directly targeted interventions to regulate emotion may be useful in addressing risky behaviors of adolescents with self-destructive and dark personality traits.

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in the Psychological Sciences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Shero ◽  
Sara Ann Hart
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Educational Administration ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Organizational Management ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Component Skills ◽  
Using Data

Using methods like linear regression or latent variable models, researchers are often interested in maximizing explained variance and identifying the importance of specific variables within their models. These models are useful for understanding general ideas and trends, but often give limited insight into the individuals within said models. Data envelopment analysis (DEA), is a method with roots in organizational management that make such insights possible. Unlike models mentioned above, DEA does not explain variance. Instead, it explains how efficiently an individual utilizes their inputs to produce outputs, and identifies which input is not being utilized optimally. This paper provides readers with a brief history and past usages of DEA from organizational management, public health, and educational administration fields, while also describing the underlying math and processes behind said model. This paper then extends the usage of this method into the psychology field using two separate studies. First, using data from the Project KIDS dataset, DEA is demonstrated using a simple view of reading framework identifying individual efficiency levels in using reading-based skills to achieve reading comprehension, determining which skills are being underutilized, and classifying and comparing new subsets of readers. Three new subsets of readers were identified using this method, with direct implications leading to more targeted interventions. Second, DEA was used to measure individuals’ efficiency in regulating aggressive behavior given specific personality traits or related skills. This study found that despite comparable levels of component skills and personality traits, significant differences were found in efficiency to regulate aggressive behavior on the basis of gender and feelings of provocation.

Utilizing Incident-Based Crime Data to Inform Strategic Interventions

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Jason Rydberg ◽  
Rebecca Stone ◽  
Edmund F. McGarrell
Keyword(s):  
Reporting System ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Crime Data ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Aggravated Assault ◽  
System A ◽  
High Crime ◽  
Demographic Subgroups

A public health approach to violence prevention involves the empirical identification of groups and communities at the highest risk for violence to inform targeted interventions. We demonstrate the utility of complete incident-level crime data toward this end. Data for 32,056 unique incidents involving homicide, aggravated assault, and robbery were extracted from the 2013 Michigan Incident Crime Reporting system, a statewide National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data system. Differential victimization rates were calculated across demographic subgroups and jurisdictions to identify patterns in risk. Two-stage least squares regression models were estimated to examine correlates of variation in excess risk. Analyses identified young Black males and females at relatively high risk for violent victimization, and that this risk was amplified within cities with disproportionately high crime rates. Multivariate models suggested concentrated disadvantage as the most stable correlate of variation in excess risk across Michigan cities and towns. The results highlight the importance of expanding NIBRS adoption and the deployment of focused interventions involving both short-term enforcement and long-term social reinvestment.

Ergonomic Process Improvement for Mapping Risk and Identifying Key Interventions for Eliminating Injuries from Needles and Sharps in the OR

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 716-720
Author(s):  
Pramila Kalaga ◽  
Barbara Wolford ◽  
Matthew Mormino ◽  
Timothy Kingston ◽  
Julie Fedderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Process Improvement ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Sharps Injury

The risk of a needle stick or sharps injury in the operating room (OR) is high due to conditions such as minimal physical protective measures, frequent transfer of sharps, and reliance on human attention and skill for injury avoidance. An ergonomic process improvement project was initiated at a large metro teaching hospital to identify ergonomic risk factors for these OR injuries. To maximize the engagement of the front- end users, an ergonomic process improvement (EPI) team was developed, consisting of representatives from participating OR teams, an employee health nurse and two ergonomists. Surveys, observations, and interviews were conducted to quantify injury risk for the OR teams, evaluate barriers to best practice adherence, and identify opportunities for targeted interventions. Risk mapping was completed for the surgeons, surgical techs and OR nurses identifying double gloving and safe passing zone as areas in need of improvement. Through observation and interviews, researchers identified physical factors relating to musculoskeletal pain and cognitive factors leading to distractions as safety risk concerns. The overall success of the EPI was the engagement of the OR teams and surgeons in the process of identifying risk factors and potential opportunities for ergonomic solutions related to cognitive workload, physical workload, teamwork, and work design for injury prevention. The risk factors identified will provide the basis for developing targeted, effective interventions for eliminating injuries from needles and sharps within the OR.

Happiness at the end of life: A qualitative study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tan Seng Beng ◽  
Wong Ka Ghee ◽  
Ng Yun Hui ◽  
Ooi Chieh Yin ◽  
Khoo Wei Shen Kelvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Terminal Illness ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
The University ◽  
Eudaimonic Happiness

Abstract Objective Dying is mostly seen as a dreadful event, never a happy experience. Yet, as palliative care physicians, we have seen so many patients who remained happy despite facing death. Hence, we conducted this qualitative study to explore happiness in palliative care patients at the University of Malaya Medical Centre. Method Twenty terminally ill patients were interviewed with semi-structured questions. The results were thematically analyzed. Results Eight themes were generated: the meaning of happiness, connections, mindset, pleasure, health, faith, wealth, and work. Our results showed that happiness is possible at the end of life. Happiness can coexist with pain and suffering. Social connections were the most important element of happiness at the end of life. Wealth and work were given the least emphasis. From the descriptions of our patients, we recognized a tendency for the degree of importance to shift from the hedonic happiness to eudaimonic happiness as patients experienced a terminal illness. Significance of results To increase the happiness of palliative care patients, it is crucial to assess the meaning of happiness for each patient and the degree of importance for each happiness domain to allow targeted interventions.

scholarly journals Are there ethnic and religious variations in uptake of bowel cancer screening? A retrospective cohort study among 1.7 million people in Scotland

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e037011
Author(s):  
Christine Campbell ◽  
Anne Douglas ◽  
Linda Williams ◽  
Geneviève Cezard ◽  
David H Brewster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Bowel Cancer ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Bowel Cancer Screening

ObjectiveCancer screening should be equitably accessed by all populations. Uptake of colorectal cancer screening was examined using the Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage Study that links the Scottish Census 2001 to health data by individual-level self-reported ethnicity and religion.SettingData on 1.7 million individuals in two rounds of the Scottish Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (2007–2013) were linked to the 2001 Census using the Scottish Community Health Index number.Main outcome measureUptake of colorectal cancer screening, reported as age-adjusted risk ratios (RRs) by ethnic group and religion were calculated for men and women with 95% CI.ResultsIn the first, incidence screening round, compared with white Scottish men, Other White British (RR 109.6, 95% CI 108.8 to 110.3) and Chinese (107.2, 95% CI 102.8 to 111.8) men had higher uptake. In contrast, men of all South Asian groups had lower uptake (Indian RR 80.5, 95% CI 76.1 to 85.1; Pakistani RR 65.9, 95% CI 62.7 to 69.3; Bangladeshi RR 76.6, 95% CI 63.9 to 91.9; Other South Asian RR 88.6, 95% CI 81.8 to 96.1). Comparable patterns were seen among women in all ethnic groups, for example, Pakistani (RR 55.5, 95% CI 52.5 to 58.8). Variation in uptake was also observed by religion, with lower rates among Hindu (RR (95%CI): 78.4 (71.8 to 85.6)), Muslim (69.5 (66.7 to 72.3)) and Sikh (73.4 (67.1 to 80.3)) men compared with the reference population (Church of Scotland), with similar variation among women: lower rates were also seen among those who reported being Jewish, Roman Catholic or with no religion.ConclusionsThere are important variations in uptake of bowel cancer screening by ethnic group and religion in Scotland, for both sexes, that require further research and targeted interventions.

scholarly journals Social determinants of dietary patterns, food basket costs and expenditure on alcohol and tobacco amongst Greenland Inuit

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Peter Bjerregaard ◽  
Christina Viskum Lytken Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Nutritious Food ◽  
Food Basket ◽  
Purchase Patterns ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Objective: Dietary transition, obesity and risky use of alcohol and tobacco are challenges to public health among indigenous peoples. The aim of the article was to explore the role of social position in dietary patterns and expenditures on food and other commodities. Design: Countrywide population health survey. Setting: Greenland. Participants: 2436 Inuit aged 15+ years. Results: Less than half of the expenditures on commodities (43 %) were used to buy nutritious food, and the remaining to buy non-nutritious food (21 %), alcoholic beverages (18 %) and tobacco (18 %). Participants were classified according to five dietary patterns. The cost of a balanced diet and an unhealthy diet was similar, but the cost per 1000 kJ was higher and the energy consumption was lower for the balanced diet. Participants with low social position chose the unhealthy pattern more often than those with high social position (40 % v. 24 %; P < 0·0001), whereas those with high social position more often chose the balanced alternative. Participants with low social position spent less money on the total food basket than those with high social position but more on non-nutritious food, alcohol and tobacco. Conclusions: Cost seems to be less important than other mechanisms in the shaping of social dietary patterns and the use of alcohol and tobacco among the Inuit in Greenland. Rather than increasing the price of non-nutritious food or subsidising nutritious food, socially targeted interventions and public health promotion regarding food choice and prevention of excessive alcohol use and smoking are needed to change the purchase patterns.

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