scholarly journals Social determinants of dietary patterns, food basket costs and expenditure on alcohol and tobacco amongst Greenland Inuit

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Peter Bjerregaard ◽  
Christina Viskum Lytken Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Nutritious Food ◽  
Food Basket ◽  
Purchase Patterns ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Objective: Dietary transition, obesity and risky use of alcohol and tobacco are challenges to public health among indigenous peoples. The aim of the article was to explore the role of social position in dietary patterns and expenditures on food and other commodities. Design: Countrywide population health survey. Setting: Greenland. Participants: 2436 Inuit aged 15+ years. Results: Less than half of the expenditures on commodities (43 %) were used to buy nutritious food, and the remaining to buy non-nutritious food (21 %), alcoholic beverages (18 %) and tobacco (18 %). Participants were classified according to five dietary patterns. The cost of a balanced diet and an unhealthy diet was similar, but the cost per 1000 kJ was higher and the energy consumption was lower for the balanced diet. Participants with low social position chose the unhealthy pattern more often than those with high social position (40 % v. 24 %; P < 0·0001), whereas those with high social position more often chose the balanced alternative. Participants with low social position spent less money on the total food basket than those with high social position but more on non-nutritious food, alcohol and tobacco. Conclusions: Cost seems to be less important than other mechanisms in the shaping of social dietary patterns and the use of alcohol and tobacco among the Inuit in Greenland. Rather than increasing the price of non-nutritious food or subsidising nutritious food, socially targeted interventions and public health promotion regarding food choice and prevention of excessive alcohol use and smoking are needed to change the purchase patterns.

scholarly journals Association of Food Insecurity With Dietary Patterns and Expenditure on Food, Alcohol and Tobacco Amongst Indigenous Inuit in Greenland: Results From a Population Health Survey.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bjerregaard ◽  
Ingelise Olesen ◽  
Christina Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritious Food ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Social Causes

Abstract Background Amongst the indigenous Greenlandic Inuit, the experience of food insecurity has been attributed to a lack of money to buy enough food of sufficient quality to sustain a family, although a preference for alcohol and tobacco over food has also been cited. The purpose of the article was to compare dietary patterns and expenditure on food, alcoholic beverages and tobacco between survey participants who reported food insecurity and those who did not.Methods Countrywide cross-sectional health survey among 1886 adult Greenlandic Inuit in 2018. Diet was estimated by a food frequency questionnaire. Food insecurity status was based on the household hunger scale. Analyses were carried out by univariate general linear models adjusted for age, sex and social position. ResultsNine percent of the participants reported food insecurity. Food insecurity was unevenly distributed according to age, sex and social position. Food insecure participants more often chose an unhealthy dietary pattern (43% vs. 32%) and they reported a higher energy intake. The food insecure spent the same amount of money on food as other participants but less on nutritious food and more on non-nutritious food. The cost per kJ of the food of the food insecure was lower than that of the food secure (DKK 8.0 and 9.0 per 1000 kJ, respectively). The food insecure participants also spent considerably more on alcohol and tobacco. Conclusions The results suggest that it is not only unemployment and lack of money that creates food insecurity and unhealthy dietary patterns in Greenland but probably also social inequality, lack of resources for planning, prioritising, living one’s daily life and limited knowledge about food. There seems to be at least two population subgroups in Greenland with poverty and substance use, respectively, as the immediate determinants for food insecurity, but behind these causes is a web of underlying social causes. The results are important for the design of interventions against food insecurity and unhealthy dietary patterns.

scholarly journals Association of food insecurity with dietary patterns and expenditure on food, alcohol and tobacco amongst indigenous Inuit in Greenland: results from a population health survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bjerregaard ◽  
Ingelise Olesen ◽  
Christina Viskum Lytken Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Nutritious Food ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Amongst the indigenous Greenlandic Inuit, the experience of food insecurity has been attributed to a lack of money to buy enough food of sufficient quality to sustain a family, although a preference for alcohol and tobacco over food has also been cited. The purpose of the article was to compare dietary patterns and expenditure on food, alcoholic beverages and tobacco between survey participants who reported food insecurity and those who did not. Methods A countrywide cross-sectional health survey was carried out among 1886 adult Greenlandic Inuit in 2018. Diet was estimated by a food frequency questionnaire. Food insecurity status was based on the household hunger scale. Analyses were carried out by univariate general linear models adjusted for age, sex and social position. Results Nine percent of the participants reported food insecurity. Food insecurity was higher among younger participants, men and participants with low social position. Food insecure participants more often chose an unhealthy dietary pattern (43% vs. 32%) and they reported a higher energy intake. The food insecure spent the same amount of money on food as other participants but less on nutritious food and more on non-nutritious food. The cost per kilojoule (kJ) of the food of the food insecure was lower than that of the food secure (DKK 8.0 and 9.0 per 1000 kJ, respectively). The food insecure participants also spent considerably more on alcohol and tobacco. Conclusions The results suggest that it is not only unemployment and lack of money that creates food insecurity and unhealthy dietary patterns in Greenland. Food insecure participants gave higher priority to buying non-nutritious food, alcohol and tobacco than did food secure participants. There seems to be at least two population subgroups in Greenland with poverty and substance use, respectively, as the immediate determinants for food insecurity. The results are important for the design of interventions against food insecurity and unhealthy dietary patterns.

Clostridium difficileinfection: epidemiology, disease burden and therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (30) ◽  
pp. 1188-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Gulácsi ◽  
Adrienne Kertész ◽  
Irén Kopcsóné Németh ◽  
János Banai ◽  
Endre Ludwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Economics ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Hungarian Literature ◽  
Medline Database ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Vancomycin Treatment

Introduction:C. difficile causes 25 percent of the antibiotic associated infectious nosocomial diarrhoeas. C. difficile infection is a high-priority problem of public health in each country. The available literature of C. difficile infection’s epidemiology and disease burden is limited. Aim: Review of the epidemiology, including seasonality and the risk of recurrences, of the disease burden and of the therapy of C. difficile infection. Method: Review of the international and Hungarian literature in MEDLINE database using PubMed up to and including 20th of March, 2012. Results: The incidence of nosocomial C. difficile associated diarrhoea is 4.1/10 000 patient day. The seasonality of C. difficile infection is unproved. 20 percent of the patients have recurrence after metronidazole or vancomycin treatment, and each recurrence increases the chance of a further one. The cost of C. difficile infection is between 130 and 500 thousand HUF (430 € and 1665 €) in Hungary. Conclusions: The importance of C. difficile infection in public health and the associated disease burden are significant. The available data in Hungary are limited, further studies in epidemiology and health economics are required. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1188–1193.

The Experience in Organizing and Conducting the Analysis of Data on Nutrition of School-Aged Children in the Sverdlovsk Region within the Federal Public Health Promotion Project

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
NA Moiseeva ◽  
IL Kholstinina ◽  
MF Knyazeva ◽  
TV Mazhaeva ◽  
OL Malykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
School Meals ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Public Health Promotion

Introduction: Implementation of the Federal Public Health Promotion Project should raise awareness and develop skills of healthy nutrition in children, thus contributing to disease prevention. Our objective was to evaluate the results of pilot nutrition monitoring in school-aged children of the Sverdlovsk Region as part of the Federal Public Health Promotion Project and the National Demography Project. Results: We established that school meals were generally satisfactory: the rations complied with physiological needs of children in terms of their nutritional value, basic nutrients, energy, and distribution of calories by main meals. We noted differences in the cost and nutritional value of meals and the variety of dishes and foodstuffs used between urban and rural areas. As a rule, pupils have one or two school meals a day. Outside of school, their consumption of dairy products and fruit is limited. Conclusions: Our findings may promote the elaboration of municipal programs aimed, inter alia, at changing the amount of sugar and salt used in the manufacture of public catering products, the cost of dishes with a high content of sugar, saturated fats, and salt, and subsidies on healthy nutrition.

Malnutrition, Public Health, and Ethics

2019 ◽  
pp. 570-584
Author(s):  
Jessica Fanzo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Intergenerational Justice ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Nutritious Food ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Society Today

A major challenge for society today is how to secure and provide plentiful, healthy, and nutritious food for all in an environmentally sustainable and safe manner, while also addressing the multiple burdens of undernutrition, overweight and obesity, stunting and wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies, particularly for the most vulnerable. There are considerable ethical questions and trade-offs that arise when attempting to address this challenge, centered around integrating nutrition into the food security paradigm. This chapter attempts to highlight three key ethical challenges: the prioritization of key actions to address the multiple burdens of malnutrition, intergenerational justice issues of nutrition-impacted epigenetics, and the consequences of people’s diet choices, not only for humanity but also for the planet.

Locking down behavioural compliance: The role of emotion and emotion regulation in breaches of COVID-19 mitigation measures in Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532110299
Author(s):  
Terise Broodryk ◽  
Kealagh Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Insight Into

Although anxiety and worry can motivate engagement with COVID-19 preventative behaviours, people may cognitively reframe these unpleasant emotions, restoring wellbeing at the cost of public health behaviours. New Zealand young adults ( n = 278) experiencing nationwide COVID-19 lockdown reported their worry, anxiety, reappraisal and lockdown compliance. Despite high knowledge of lockdown policies, 92.5% of participants reported one or more policy breaches ( M  = 2.74, SD = 1.86). Counter to predictions, no relationships were found between anxiety or worry with reappraisal or lockdown breaches. Findings highlight the importance of targeting young adults in promoting lockdown compliance and offer further insight into the role of emotion during a pandemic.

Food patterns and Mediterranean diet in western and eastern Mediterranean islands

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1174-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Romaguera ◽  
Christina Bamia ◽  
Antoni Pons ◽  
Josep A Tur ◽  
Antonia Trichopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
A Value ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

AbstractObjectiveTo assess current Mediterranean dietary patterns (MDP) in the western and eastern Mediterranean, i.e. in Balearic islanders (BI) and Greek islanders (GI).Subjects and methodsDietary patterns were assessed using FFQ on a representative sample (n1200) of the BI and GI (n1324) adult population. A Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) was calculated according to the consumption of nine MDP components: (i) with a beneficial effect on health, i.e. vegetables, fruits and nuts, cereals, legumes, fish and shellfish, MUFA:SFA ratio, and moderate alcohol consumption; and (ii) with a detrimental effect on health, i.e. meat and meat products, and milk and dairy products. Persons with consumption of beneficial components below the median (GI plus BI) received a value of 0 and those with consumption above the median a value of 1. Persons with below-median consumption of detrimental components received a value of 1 and above-median consumption a value of 0. For alcohol, a value of 1 was given to consumptions of 10–50 g/d (men) and 5–25 g/d (women). The range of the MDS was 0–9, with higher scores indicating greater adherence to the MDP.ResultsGI showed higher adherence (mean MDS 5·12 (sd1·42)) to the MDP than BI (mean MDS 3·32 (sd1·23)). BI diet was characterized by a high intake of legumes, nuts, seed oils, sugar and confectionery, and non-alcoholic beverages compared with GI, whereas GI diet was richer in fruit, vegetables, potatoes, olive oil, animal products and alcoholic beverages.ConclusionsThe GI diet seems closer to the traditional MDP than the BI diet.

31.E. Workshop: Food processing in the modern era: implication for public health

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
General Public ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Abstract Current scientific evidence and reports from governmental organizations agree that healthy nutrition represents a key factor to prevent death and disability from major nutrition-related chronic diseases. For many years, the essential goal of healthy dietary recommendations included eating nutrient dense foods and limiting consumption of foods high in energy (sugar, starch and/or fat) to maintain a healthy weight. However, the scientific community abandoned the more simplistic approach of energy balance between calorie in and out, shifting into investigation of the whole diet quality as main determinant of health. With development of new technologies and globalization of the markets, the food availability improved worldwide, often in spite of (nutritional) quality and loss of local products production/consumption. As a result, there is an industry-supported wide spread of “non-traditional” foods, including processed foods characterized by various ingredients, added sugars, and additives that are highly influencing consumers' behaviors and, only recently, questioned for their role on general public health. This workshop aims to provide insights on consumption of ultra-processed foods up to the extreme processing of dietary supplements and their use and misuse, emphasizing on their potential impact on traditional dietary patterns. The objectives of the present workshop are the following: To provide a science-based definition of processed and ultra-processed foods; To explore current evidence of the association between ultra-processed foods and risk of chronic non-communicable diseases and mortality; To explore current evidence of the association between dietary supplements and human health; To discuss whether introduction of non-traditional foods may affect the relation between traditional dietary patterns and health. Given the novelty of the topic, it is crucial to summarize current evidence from lead experts on this field of research and sharing opinions with the audience in light of the presented results. The conclusions might have crucial implications for potential policy and research outcomes. Key messages Uncontrolled consumption of ultra-processed foods and dietary supplements represent a potential threat for general public health. The inclusion of ultra-processed foods into traditional healthy dietary patterns may affect their efficacy in preventing chronic non-communicable diseases.

Letter to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-152
Author(s):  
Caroline Breese Hall ◽  
Harold S. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Clinton Administration ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cost

We appreciate the concerned letter of Dr Jacobs and his thoughtful questions arising both from his knowledge of the recommendations and public health issues, as well as those of private practice. The cost of vaccines is an issue with which we must all be concerned. By highlighting the importance of childhood immunization the Clinton administration has engendered interest and, thus, optimism that efforts toward reducing the cost will be successful. However, we should remember that the many excellent studies that have analyzed the reasons why children are not being vaccinated have shown that cost is not the major factor, but access, difficulties, and obstacles, real and perceived, to obtaining immunizations are.

scholarly journals Grappling With Complex Food Systems to Reduce Obesity: A US Public Health Challenge

2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 44S-53S ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Barnhill ◽  
Anne Palmer ◽  
Christine M. Weston ◽  
Kelly D. Brownell ◽  
Kate Clancy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
State Programs

Despite 2 decades of effort by the public health community to combat obesity, obesity rates in the United States continue to rise. This lack of progress raises fundamental questions about the adequacy of our current approaches. Although the causes of population-wide obesity are multifactorial, attention to food systems as potential drivers of obesity has been prominent. However, the relationships between broader food systems and obesity are not always well understood. Our efforts to address obesity can be advanced and improved by the use of systems approaches that consider outcomes of the interconnected global food system, including undernutrition, climate change, the environmental sustainability of agriculture, and other social and economic concerns. By implementing innovative local and state programs, taking new approaches to overcome political obstacles to effect policy, and reconceptualizing research needs, we can improve obesity prevention efforts that target the food systems, maximize positive outcomes, and minimize adverse consequences. We recommend strengthening innovative local policies and programs, particularly those that involve community members in identifying problems and potential solutions and that embrace a broad set of goals beyond making eating patterns healthier. We also recommend undertaking interdisciplinary research projects that go beyond testing targeted interventions in specific populations and aim to build an understanding of the broader social, political, and economic context.

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