New Study Finds U.S. Math Students Consistently Behind Their Peers Around the World: Findings Challenge Conventional Wisdom About U.S. Math Success in Early Grades

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O. Omotoye

By current international standards, Nigeria is Africas largest debtor, and indeed, one of the worlds most debt-depressed. In view of that reputation and the stigma normally attached to it, the title of this paper- understandably so- might sound illusory, and may be even ridiculous to many. But even as unbelievable or fanciful as it might sound, there are solid, credible facts and figures that justify its relevance and validity. Conventionally speaking, Nigeria is by all means a huge debtor. In fact, its debt is so huge that hopes for repayment are beginning to fade. But viewed from a more comprehensive standpoint, facts and figures sharply contradict the overwhelming perception of indebtedness. The study, taking a more comprehensive approach, provides a reassessment of Nigerias external debt amount, and compares its findings with creditors figures. The findings are startling. In contrast to conventional wisdom, Nigeria is actually a net creditor vis--vis the rest of the world, with positive net credit ranging from estimates of $51.9 billion to approximately $117.8 billion. The paper concludes with findings that will further intensify the divide between the two sides of the debt debate: those in favor of forgiveness, and those against. The mere prospect of a possible obliteration of the detrimental stigma of indebtedness symbolizes a promise of new possibilities and hopes for Nigeria and other debt-depressed sub-Saharan African countries.


1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Lewis

Abstract The article begins by arguing—against conventional wisdom—that one of the defining features of television news is the absence of narrative codes in its structure. Rather than raising the questions that it later resolves, television news has a disjointed structure that makes it hard to follow or comprehend. Viewers find it much more difficult, for this reason, to retain information from the news than from almost any other form of television. To understand the influence of television news, we must understand which elements this disjointed narrative encourages us to retain. These elements tend to involve oft-repeated sets of simple associations rather than any more complex histories. Indeed, the failure of news to communicate historical connections impoverishes the quality of decision making and public understanding by citizens who increasingly rely upon television news to provide information about the world.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Matovski

Electoral autocracies – regimes that adopt democratic institutions but subvert them to rule as dictatorships – have become the most widespread, resilient and malignant non-democracies today. They have consistently ruled over a third of the countries in the world, including geopolitically significant states like Russia, Turkey, Venezuela, Egypt, Indonesia, Nigeria and Pakistan. Challenging conventional wisdom, Popular Dictators shows that the success of electoral authoritarianism is not due to these regimes' superior capacity to repress, bribe, brainwash and manipulate their societies into submission, but is actually a product of their genuine popular appeal in countries experiencing deep political, economic and security crises. Promising efficient, strong-armed rule tempered by popular accountability, elected strongmen attract mass support in societies traumatized by turmoil, dysfunction and injustice, allowing them to rule through the ballot box. Popular Dictators argues that this crisis legitimation strategy makes electoral authoritarianism the most significant threat to global peace and democracy.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Pouliot

AbstractIn today’s world, a significant portion of international security politics is conducted through multilateral channels, often from the halls of international organisations such as the United Nations or NATO. This article theorises and empirically documents the production, reproduction, and contestation of local diplomatic hierarchies that practitioners often call ‘international pecking orders’. According to conventional wisdom in IR, the sources of international hierarchies are primarily structural, stemming from the interstate distribution of (material) capabilities. Yet the growing prevalence of multilateral diplomacy in the governance of international security generates distinctive forms of social stratification organised around a struggle for diplomatic competence. As they pursue their instructions and manage security politics, state representatives posted to international organisations make use of the opportunities and constraints of a given situation and compete for rank through the display of practical know-how. The article illustrates this process by looking at how a key set of multilateral practices lend themselves to pecking order dynamics, fromesprit de corpsto reporting through brokering. By taking the multilateralisation of security politics seriously, the article shows that international hierarchy, far from an unobservable reality, is actually part of parcel of each and every practice that makes the world go round.


2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-227
Author(s):  
Rosemary Aparecida de Almeida Moraes ◽  
Regiane Magalhães Boainain ◽  
Fabiana Frolini Marques Mangili ◽  
Jhenifer Prescilla Dias Fuzinelli

This theoretical essay sought to debate the importance of the teacher's cultural repertoire in classroom performance, regardless of the segment in which he/she works. In order to exemplify the importance of this repertoire, the objective was to analyze the productions of two great renowned artists: the poet João Cabral de Melo Neto and the painter Joan Miró, discussing the artistic dialogue between them. Apparently, this research for teachers of Kindergarten and Elementary Education I hardly sees the itinerary to be followed for teacher training since, from the early grades, the child has contact with different artistic productions. Therefore, the teacher's gaze must be focused on a more complex and deeper knowledge of these analyses. The research includes that this itinerary is what offers relevant discoveries that will nourish the teaching repertoire, enabling the creation of situations that lead the child to knowledge of the world and an openness to the sensitive.


1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael Hallaq

AbstractThe relationship between documents emanating from the world of judicial practice and model formulae recorded in juristic manuals has been viewed differentially by modern scholars. Whereas Joseph Schacht posited the existence of a close relationship between the the realia of judicial practice and juristic manuals, others did not. Going one step beyond Schacht, I argue that the relationship between model ShurūṬ and documents originating in practice was dialectical, involving complex processes of editing, interpolation and selection, processes that functioned — almost imperceptibly — within the conventional legal dynamics of the madhhab. If this view is accepted, it follows that the conventional wisdom regarding a gap between Islamic legal doctrine and judicial practice is untenable, at least in the areas of the law covered by ShurūṬ manuals.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-247
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lind

Abstract In relations between Japan and South Korea, as well as between other former adversaries, observers frequently argue that “history stands in the way” of better relations. They expect that hostile historical narratives will prevent leaders from pursuing potentially advantageous cooperation. To evaluate this claim, in this article I define narratives and their elements, noting that they range from more hostile to more friendly. I outline and theoretically develop two perspectives: the view of history as an obstacle, and a view more optimistic about the potential for cooperation and narrative transformation. Evidence from Franco-German relations after World War II, as well as other cases across time and space, supports the latter, more optimistic, view. Finally, I hypothesize different strategic and domestic conditions that make cooperation and narrative change more or less likely. Ultimately, I argue that observers have exaggerated the constraining power of narratives and thus underestimated the potential for cooperation between former enemies. This has important implications for relations between longtime rivals all over the world, and particularly in East Asia, where a conventional wisdom expects historical memories to impede balancing against China's rise.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvert W. Jones ◽  
Celia Paris

Given that the fictional narratives found in novels, movies, and television shows enjoy wide public consumption, memorably convey information, minimize counter-arguing, and often emphasize politically-relevant themes, we argue that greater scholarly attention must be paid to theorizing and measuring how fiction affects political attitudes. We argue for a genre-based approach for studying fiction effects, and apply it to the popular dystopian genre. Results across three experiments are striking: we find consistent evidence that dystopian narratives enhance the willingness to justify radical—especially violent—forms of political action. Yet we find no evidence for the conventional wisdom that they reduce political trust and efficacy, illustrating that fiction’s effects may not be what they seem and underscoring the need for political scientists to take fiction seriously.


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