Methodological considerations for using the English XL Tribometer for post hoc slip-and-fall evaluations

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tate Kubose ◽  
David Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Post Hoc

Theoretical and methodological considerations for a robust evaluation of the Linguistic Proximity Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 026765832094366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cabrelli ◽  
Eloi Puig-Mayenco
Keyword(s):  
Current Trend ◽  
L3 Acquisition ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Support Property ◽  
Linguistic Transfer ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Property Versus ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Set Of Points ◽  
Existing Data

When we think of the debates surrounding linguistic transfer in L3 acquisition, one of the most prominent discussions concerns whether transfer occurs in a wholesale fashion or whether it is property-by-property. One such model is the Linguistic Proximity Model (LPM, Mykhaylyk et al., 2015; Westergaard et al., 2017; Westergaard, 2019), which maintains that transfer is property-by-property, with what Westergaard refers to as Full Transfer Potential (FTP). Westergaard injects the notion of complexity at each stage of development and recognizes the need to determine how a range of variables drive outcomes across these different stages. With that said, there are a set of points in the proposal that we believe are short of explanatory logic and will benefit from further consideration; we focus on two here. The first regards the need to go beyond post-hoc explanations of non-facilitative transfer via a commitment to a testable, proposal for when the LPM predicts such transfer will occur. The second relates to the current trend of using existing data to support property-by-property versus wholesale transfer. We contend that this application of existing data is an unsound practice because these data are in fact compatible with multiple theoretical accounts.

Predisposition to Drug Use in Rural Adolescents: Preliminary Relationships and Methodological Considerations

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary M. Blau ◽  
Janet F. Gillespie ◽  
Robert D. Felner ◽  
Elizabeth G. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Drugs And Alcohol ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Post Hoc

This study was designed to determine whether there was a relationship between self-esteem, depression, and anxiety, and drug abuse. Specifically, it was found that self-esteem, depression, and anxiety were significantly correlated with variables associated with potential drug use (attitudes toward drugs and willingness to use drugs). In contrast to previous work, which used a post hoc methodology, this research focused on a sample that reported no prior experience with drugs and alcohol. Possible implications of these findings and guidelines for future research are discussed.

Effect of religiosity on ecologically conscious consumption behaviour

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tajamul Islam ◽  
Uma Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Young Male ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Green Products ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumption Behaviour ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Purpose This study aims to explore whether religiosity influences ecologically conscious consumption behaviour (ECCB) among Muslim consumers in India. Design/methodology/approach A structured questionnaire was developed and administered to a sample of 191 young male Muslim respondents. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests were used to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings The results indicated a significant positive correlation between religiosity and ECCB. Pro-religious and intrinsically religious consumers reported higher importance to ECCB than non-religious and extrinsically religious consumers. It is, therefore, concluded that religiosity plays an important role in determining ECCB among Muslim consumers in India. Research limitations/implications The study sample comprised Indian university students as respondents, whose consumption behaviours may be constrained by limited independent income. Further, only male students have been included because of methodological considerations. Practical implications This study suggests that green marketers can use religiosity as a possible segmentation variable to effectively position their products. Religious messages or symbols can be invoked in advertising and other communication campaigns by marketers to gain acceptance for green products and consumption behaviours among consumers. Originality/value Few studies have examined the role of religiosity and its impact on consumer behaviour. The present study sought to address this gap in literature and offers preliminary insights about how marketers can effectively use religious symbols for marketing green products to consumers. The study is an initial attempt to provide elementary understanding about the consumption behaviour of Indian Muslims who have been insufficiently investigated by marketing and consumer researchers.

The Link Between Verbal Short-Term Memory and Anomia Treatment Gains

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1039-1052
Author(s):  
Reva M. Zimmerman ◽  
JoAnn P. Silkes ◽  
Diane L. Kendall ◽  
Irene Minkina
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Treatment Gains ◽  
Post Hoc

Purpose A significant relationship between verbal short-term memory (STM) and language performance in people with aphasia has been found across studies. However, very few studies have examined the predictive value of verbal STM in treatment outcomes. This study aims to determine if verbal STM can be used as a predictor of treatment success. Method Retrospective data from 25 people with aphasia in a larger randomized controlled trial of phonomotor treatment were analyzed. Digit and word spans from immediately pretreatment were run in multiple linear regression models to determine whether they predict magnitude of change from pre- to posttreatment and follow-up naming accuracy. Pretreatment, immediately posttreatment, and 3 months posttreatment digit and word span scores were compared to determine if they changed following a novel treatment approach. Results Verbal STM, as measured by digit and word spans, did not predict magnitude of change in naming accuracy from pre- to posttreatment nor from pretreatment to 3 months posttreatment. Furthermore, digit and word spans did not change from pre- to posttreatment or from pretreatment to 3 months posttreatment in the overall analysis. A post hoc analysis revealed that only the less impaired group showed significant changes in word span scores from pretreatment to 3 months posttreatment. Discussion The results suggest that digit and word spans do not predict treatment gains. In a less severe subsample of participants, digit and word span scores can change following phonomotor treatment; however, the overall results suggest that span scores may not change significantly. The implications of these findings are discussed within the broader purview of theoretical and empirical associations between aphasic language and verbal STM processing.

Abstract #295 GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Death From Any Cause in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Post-Hoc Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Toulis ◽  
Krishna Gokhale ◽  
G. Neil Thomas ◽  
Wasim Hanif ◽  
Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract #245 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide in Elderly Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Sustain 7 Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
Vanita Aroda ◽  
Danny Sugimoto ◽  
David Trachtenbarg ◽  
Mark Warren ◽  
Gurudutt Nayak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc

Zwangsstörung, frontostriatales System und Beeinflussung des serotonergen Systems

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Baving ◽  
M.H. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Kardiale Nebenwirkungen ◽  
Post Hoc

Zusammenfassung:Fragestellung: Forschungsschwerpunkte der letzten Jahre bei der Zwangsstörung waren zum einen die Beteiligung des frontostriatalen Systems an der Pathophysiologie, zum anderen die Wirkungsweise und Effektivität von Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmern, welche im frontostriatalen System ihre spezifische Wirksamkeit bei der Zwangsstörung entfalten. Die Behandlungsverläufe jugendlicher, stationär behandelter Zwangspatienten wurden hinsichtlich der verwendeten Medikamente und ihrer Auswirkungen auf den Behandlungsverlauf untersucht. Methodik: Die Akten aller seit 1. 1. 1990 in der Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters in Mannheim zur stationären Aufnahme gekommenen Zwangspatienten wurden ausgewertet bezüglich Medikations-, Verlaufs- und Outcomeparametern. Ergebnisse: 5 Patienten brachen die Behandlung ab, 5 Patienten erhielten keine Medikation, 8 bekamen Sulpirid, 10 Clomipramin, 3 Fluvoxamin. Die mittlere Dauer des stationären Aufenthaltes war für die beiden mit Sulpirid und Clomipramin medizierten Gruppen länger als für die unmedizierte Gruppe, jedoch für die beiden Gruppen mit medikamentöser Behandlung fast gleich. Der Behandlungserfolg für die Zwangssymptomatik wurde in den beiden medizierten Gruppen als höher bewertet als in der nicht-medizierten Gruppe. Unter Sulpirid zeigten sich Gewichtszunahme, Müdigkeit und Prolaktinerhöhung, unter Clomipramin bei der Hälfte der Patienten kardiale Nebenwirkungen. Schlußfolgerungen: In dieser kleinen, nicht randomisiert und nicht unter doppelt-blind-Bedingungen medizierten Stichprobe zeigt sich in einer Post-hoc-Analyse keine unterschiedliche Effektivität von Clomipramin und Sulpirid. Die unter Clomipramin auftretenden Nebenwirkungen lassen an einen häufigeren Einsatz von selektiven Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmern zur Steigerung der Medikamentencompliance denken.

Hostile and Hardened? An Experimental Study on (De-)Sensitization to Violence and Suffering Through Playing Video Games

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frithjof Staude-Müller ◽  
Thomas Bliesener ◽  
Stefanie Luthman
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Physiological Measurement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Downward Spiral ◽  
Spiral Model ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Game Violence ◽  
First Person Shooter ◽  
Physiological Reactions

This study tests whether playing violent video games leads to desensitization and increased cardiovascular responding. In a laboratory experiment, 42 men spent 20 min playing either a high- or low-violence version of a “first-person shooter” game. Arousal (heart rate, respiration rate) was measured continuously. After playing the game, emotional responses to aversive and aggressive stimuli - pictures from Lang, Bradley, and Cuthbert’s (1999) International Affective Picture System - were assessed with self-ratings and physiological measurement (skin conductance). Results showed no differences in the judgments of emotional responses to the stimuli. However, different effects of game violence emerged in the physiological reactions to the different types of stimulus material. Participants in the high-violence condition showed significantly weaker reactions (desensitization) to aversive stimuli and reacted significantly more strongly (sensitization) to aggressive cues. No support was found for the arousal hypothesis. Post-hoc analyses are used to discuss possible moderating influences of gaming experience and player’s trait aggressiveness in terms of the General Aggression Model ( Anderson & Bushman, 2001 ) and the Downward Spiral Model ( Slater, Henry, Swaim, & Anderson, 2003 ).

Maternal Perception of Infants’ Expressions of Emotion

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Krippl ◽  
Stephanie Ast-Scheitenberger ◽  
Ina Bovenschen ◽  
Gottfried Spangler
Keyword(s):  
Response Pattern ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Startle Amplitude ◽  
Caregiving System ◽  
Parental Caregiving ◽  
Opponent Process ◽  
Opponent Process Theory ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Methodological Considerations

In light of Lang’s differentiation of the aversive and the approach system – and assumptions stemming from attachment theory – this study investigates the role of the approach or caregiving system for processing infant emotional stimuli by comparing IAPS pictures, infant pictures, and videos. IAPS pictures, infant pictures, and infant videos of positive, neutral, or negative content were presented to 69 mothers, accompanied by randomized startle probes. The assessment of emotional responses included subjective ratings of valence and arousal, corrugator activity, the startle amplitude, and electrodermal activity. In line with Lang’s original conception, the typical startle response pattern was found for IAPS pictures, whereas no startle modulation was observed for infant pictures. Moreover, the startle amplitudes during negative video scenes depicting crying infants were reduced. The results are discussed with respect to several theoretical and methodological considerations, including Lang’s theory, emotion regulation, opponent process theory, and the parental caregiving system.

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