Theoretical and methodological considerations for a robust evaluation of the Linguistic Proximity Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 026765832094366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cabrelli ◽  
Eloi Puig-Mayenco
Keyword(s):  
Current Trend ◽  
L3 Acquisition ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Support Property ◽  
Linguistic Transfer ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Property Versus ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Set Of Points ◽  
Existing Data

When we think of the debates surrounding linguistic transfer in L3 acquisition, one of the most prominent discussions concerns whether transfer occurs in a wholesale fashion or whether it is property-by-property. One such model is the Linguistic Proximity Model (LPM, Mykhaylyk et al., 2015; Westergaard et al., 2017; Westergaard, 2019), which maintains that transfer is property-by-property, with what Westergaard refers to as Full Transfer Potential (FTP). Westergaard injects the notion of complexity at each stage of development and recognizes the need to determine how a range of variables drive outcomes across these different stages. With that said, there are a set of points in the proposal that we believe are short of explanatory logic and will benefit from further consideration; we focus on two here. The first regards the need to go beyond post-hoc explanations of non-facilitative transfer via a commitment to a testable, proposal for when the LPM predicts such transfer will occur. The second relates to the current trend of using existing data to support property-by-property versus wholesale transfer. We contend that this application of existing data is an unsound practice because these data are in fact compatible with multiple theoretical accounts.

scholarly journals Methodological considerations for linking household and healthcare provider data for estimating effective coverage: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e045704
Author(s):  
Emily D Carter ◽  
Hannah H Leslie ◽  
Tanya Marchant ◽  
Agbessi Amouzou ◽  
Melinda K Munos
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Healthcare Provider ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Effective Coverage ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Existing Data

ObjectiveTo assess existing knowledge related to methodological considerations for linking population-based surveys and health facility data to generate effective coverage estimates. Effective coverage estimates the proportion of individuals in need of an intervention who receive it with sufficient quality to achieve health benefit.DesignSystematic review of available literature.Data sourcesMedline, Carolina Population Health Center and Demographic and Health Survey publications and handsearch of related or referenced works of all articles included in full text review. The search included publications from 1 January 2000 to 29 March 2021.Eligibility criteriaPublications explicitly evaluating (1) the suitability of data, (2) the implications of the design of existing data sources and (3) the impact of choice of method for combining datasets to obtain linked coverage estimates.ResultsOf 3805 papers reviewed, 70 publications addressed relevant issues. Limited data suggest household surveys can be used to identify sources of care, but their validity in estimating intervention need was variable. Methods for collecting provider data and constructing quality indices were diverse and presented limitations. There was little empirical data supporting an association between structural, process and outcome quality. Few studies addressed the influence of the design of common data sources on linking analyses, including imprecise household geographical information system data, provider sampling design and estimate stability. The most consistent evidence suggested under certain conditions, combining data based on geographical proximity or administrative catchment (ecological linking) produced similar estimates to linking based on the specific provider utilised (exact match linking).ConclusionsLinking household and healthcare provider data can leverage existing data sources to generate more informative estimates of intervention coverage and care. However, existing evidence on methods for linking data for effective coverage estimation are variable and numerous methodological questions remain. There is need for additional research to develop evidence-based, standardised best practices for these analyses.

scholarly journals Methodological Considerations for Linking Household and Healthcare Provider Data for Estimating Effective Coverage: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily D Carter ◽  
Hannah H Leslie ◽  
Tanya Marchant ◽  
Agbessi Amouzou ◽  
Melinda Munos
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Healthcare Provider ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Effective Coverage ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Existing Data

Effective coverage measures assess the proportion of a population that receive a health intervention with sufficient quality to achieve health benefit. Linking population-based surveys and health facility data is a promising means of generating effective coverage estimates, however, little guidance exists on methodological considerations for these analyses. We conducted a systematic review to assess existing knowledge related to 1) the suitability of data used in linking analyses, 2) the implications of the design of existing data sources commonly used in linking analyses, and 3) the impact of choice of method for combining datasets to obtain linked coverage estimates. The primary search was completed in Medline, with additional reviews of select sources. Of 3192 papers reviewed, 62 publications addressed issues related to linking household and provider datasets. Limited data suggest household surveys can be used to identify sources of care, but their validity in estimating a denominator of intervention need was variable. Methods for collecting provider data and constructing quality indices were variable and presented limitations. There was little empirical data supporting an association between structural, process, and outcome quality. Few studies addressed the influence of the design of common data sources on linking analyses, including imprecise household GIS data, provider sampling frame and sampling design, and estimate stability. There was a lack of concrete evidence around the impact of these factors on linked effective coverage estimates. The most consistent evidence suggested under certain conditions, combining data sets based on geographical proximity (ecological linking) produced similar estimates to linking based on the specific provider utilized (exact-match linking). Linking household and healthcare provider can leverage existing data sources to generate more informative estimates of intervention coverage and care. However, there is need for additional research to develop evidence-based, standardized best practices for these analyses.

scholarly journals A systematic review of transfer studies in third language acquisition

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloi Puig-Mayenco ◽  
Jorge González Alonso ◽  
Jason Rothman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
First Language ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Transfer Data ◽  
Third Language ◽  
Third Language Acquisition ◽  
L3 Acquisition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Present Systematic Review

The present systematic review examines what factors determine when, how and to what extent previous linguistic experience (from the first language, second language or both languages) affects the initial stages and beyond of adult third language (L3) acquisition. In doing so, we address what a bird’s eye view of the data tells us regarding competing theoretical accounts of L3 morphosyntactic transfer. Data couple together to suggest that some factors are more influential than others. As discussed, the systematic review transcends the field of adult multilingualism precisely because of what it reveals, as a prima facie example in behavioral research, in terms of how different types of methodological considerations impact the way data are interpreted to support or not particular claims.

Predisposition to Drug Use in Rural Adolescents: Preliminary Relationships and Methodological Considerations

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary M. Blau ◽  
Janet F. Gillespie ◽  
Robert D. Felner ◽  
Elizabeth G. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Drugs And Alcohol ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Post Hoc

This study was designed to determine whether there was a relationship between self-esteem, depression, and anxiety, and drug abuse. Specifically, it was found that self-esteem, depression, and anxiety were significantly correlated with variables associated with potential drug use (attitudes toward drugs and willingness to use drugs). In contrast to previous work, which used a post hoc methodology, this research focused on a sample that reported no prior experience with drugs and alcohol. Possible implications of these findings and guidelines for future research are discussed.

Effect of religiosity on ecologically conscious consumption behaviour

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tajamul Islam ◽  
Uma Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Young Male ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Green Products ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumption Behaviour ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Purpose This study aims to explore whether religiosity influences ecologically conscious consumption behaviour (ECCB) among Muslim consumers in India. Design/methodology/approach A structured questionnaire was developed and administered to a sample of 191 young male Muslim respondents. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests were used to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings The results indicated a significant positive correlation between religiosity and ECCB. Pro-religious and intrinsically religious consumers reported higher importance to ECCB than non-religious and extrinsically religious consumers. It is, therefore, concluded that religiosity plays an important role in determining ECCB among Muslim consumers in India. Research limitations/implications The study sample comprised Indian university students as respondents, whose consumption behaviours may be constrained by limited independent income. Further, only male students have been included because of methodological considerations. Practical implications This study suggests that green marketers can use religiosity as a possible segmentation variable to effectively position their products. Religious messages or symbols can be invoked in advertising and other communication campaigns by marketers to gain acceptance for green products and consumption behaviours among consumers. Originality/value Few studies have examined the role of religiosity and its impact on consumer behaviour. The present study sought to address this gap in literature and offers preliminary insights about how marketers can effectively use religious symbols for marketing green products to consumers. The study is an initial attempt to provide elementary understanding about the consumption behaviour of Indian Muslims who have been insufficiently investigated by marketing and consumer researchers.

scholarly journals Influence of the temperature during the larval stage of development on lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
A. S. Karaman ◽  
A. M. Vaiserman ◽  
A. V. Pisaruk ◽  
N. M. Koshel ◽  
L. V. Mekhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Developmental Temperature ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Development Duration ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Aim. To study the influence of different temperatures on larval stage on the development duration and life expectancy of Drosophila melanogaster imago. Methods. The statistical significance of the indicators was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post-hoc tests to evaluate significance of differences between groups. Results. The development duration of imagoes significantly increased by 1.7 times when the developmental temperature decreased from 27.5 to 20.0°С. The average and maximum lifespan of the flies was maximum at a temperature of 22.5°С. The lifespan of fruit flies was significantly decreased compared to control (25.0°С) at a developmental temperature of 20.0°C and above 22.5°C. Conclusions. The obtained data suggest that developmental temperature significantly affects the lifespan of the flies. It likely is a physiological optimum of the temperature of development, in which life expectancy is maximal. Probably, this is due to the fact that at optimal temperature, the Drosophila development is most complete and their viability is highest.Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster, development, lifespan, temperature, larval stage.

The challenge of accounting for individual differences in folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractWe argue that existing data on folk-economic beliefs (FEBs) present challenges to Boyer & Petersen's model. Specifically, the widespread individual variation in endorsement of FEBs casts doubt on the claim that humans are evolutionarily predisposed towards particular economic beliefs. Additionally, the authors' model cannot account for the systematic covariance between certain FEBs, such as those observed in distinct political ideologies.

Practical Realization of a Reference System for Earth Dynamics by Satellite Methods

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 341-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Anderle ◽  
M. C. Tanenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Polar Motion ◽  
Pole Position ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Crustal Motion ◽  
Average Reference ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractObservations of artificial earth satellites provide a means of establishing an.origin, orientation, scale and control points for a coordinate system. Neither existing data nor future data are likely to provide significant information on the .001 angle between the axis of angular momentum and axis of rotation. Existing data have provided data to about .01 accuracy on the pole position and to possibly a meter on the origin of the system and for control points. The longitude origin is essentially arbitrary. While these accuracies permit acquisition of useful data on tides and polar motion through dynamio analyses, they are inadequate for determination of crustal motion or significant improvement in polar motion. The limitations arise from gravity, drag and radiation forces on the satellites as well as from instrument errors. Improvements in laser equipment and the launch of the dense LAGEOS satellite in an orbit high enough to suppress significant gravity and drag errors will permit determination of crustal motion and more accurate, higher frequency, polar motion. However, the reference frame for the results is likely to be an average reference frame defined by the observing stations, resulting in significant corrections to be determined for effects of changes in station configuration and data losses.

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