Assessment of Embedding Dimension and Sensitivity Initial Conditions Based on Statistical Tests

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Rifa-Ros ◽  
Manel Viader-Junyen
Author(s):  
Dian Arief Risdianto ◽  
Bambang Nurcahyo Prastowo

The security of most cryptographic systems depends on key generation using a nondeterministic RNG. PRNG generates a random numbers with repeatable patterns over a period of time and can be predicted if the initial conditions and algorithms are known. TRNG extracts entropy from physical sources to generate random numbers. However, most of these systems have relatively high cost, complexity, and difficulty levels. If the camera is directed to a random scene, the resulting random number can be assumed to be random. However, the weakness of a digital camera as a source of random numbers lies in the resulting refractive pattern. The raw data without further processing can have a fixed noise pattern. By applying digital image processing and chaotic algorithms, digital cameras can be used to generate true random numbers. In this research, for preprocessing image data used method of floyd-steinberg algorithm. To solve the problem of several consecutive black or white pixels appearing in the processed image area, the arnold-cat map algorithm is used while the XOR operation is used to combine the data and generate the true random number. NIST statistical tests, scatter and histrogram analyzes show the use of this method can produce truly random numbers


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 468-479
Author(s):  
Slamet Riadi ◽  
Erdiyansyah

Both natural and non-natural disasters greatly affect human life, including business actors. The government is urgently required to solve the emerging problems caused by the disaster. This study aims to determine collaborative governance in handling natural and non-natural disasters that affect the business actors in Palu City. This study used a quantitative approach with a series of statistical tests. The sample of this study consisted of 207 respondents who are government and the business actors in Palu City affected by natural and non-natural disasters. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation. Then, the data were analyzed with statistical testing including descriptive statistics and a T-Test (comparative test). The results showed a significant difference between collaborative governance during natural and non-natural disasters. Further, the differences in collaborative governance can be seen in the leadership and initial condition variables. When a natural disaster occurs, leadership is urgently required, while a non-natural disaster caused by the COVID-19 is highly determined by the initial conditions. It means that government decision-making to deal with non-natural disasters from the start is urgently required. The evidence can be seen from some countries and regions with slow response to the COVID-19 resulting in difficulty in controlling the spread of the virus.


Author(s):  
Lazaros Moysis ◽  
Ahmad Taher Azar ◽  
Aleksandra Tutueva ◽  
Denis N. Butusov ◽  
Christos Volos

Chaotic behavior is a term that is attributed to dynamical systems whose solutions are highly sensitive to initial conditions. This means that small perturbations in the initial conditions can lead to completely different trajectories in the solution space. These types of chaotic dynamical systems arise in various natural or artificial systems in biology, circuits, engineering, computer science, and more. This chapter reports on some new chaotic discrete time two-dimensional maps that are derived from simple modifications to the well-known Hénon, Lozi, Sine-Sine, and Tinkerbell maps. Numerical simulations are carried out for different parameter values and initial conditions, and it is shown that the mappings either diverge to infinity or converge to attractors of many different shapes. The application to random bit generation is then considered using a collection of the proposed maps by applying a simple rule. The resulting bit generator successfully passes all statistical tests performed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Seham Muawadh Ali Ebrahim

Healthcare is an essential application of e-services, where for diagnostic testing, medical imaging acquiring, processing, analysis, storage, and protection are used. Image ciphering during storage and transmission over the networks used has seen implemented using many types of ciphering algorithms for security purpose. Current cyphering algorithms are classified into two types: traditional classical cryptography using standard algorithms (DES, AES, IDEA, RC5, RSA, ...) and chaos cryptography using continuous (Chau, Rossler, Lorenz, ...) or discreet (Logistics, Henon, ...) algorithms. The traditional algorithms have struggled to combat image data as compared to regular textual data. Whereas, the chaotic algorithms are more efficient for image ciphering. The Significancecharacteristics of chaos are its extreme sensitivity to initial conditions and algorithm parameters. In this paper, medical image security based on hybrid/mixed chaotic algorithms is proposed. The proposed method is implemented using MATLAB. Where the image of the Retina of the Eye to detect Blood Vessels is ciphered. The Pseudo-Random Numbers Generators (PRNGs) from the different chaotic algorithms are implemented, and their statistical properties are evaluated using the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST and other statistical test-suits. Then, these algorithms are used to secure the data, where the statistical properties of the cipher-text are also tested. We propose two PRNGs to increase the complexity of the PRNGs and to allow many of the NIST statistical tests to be passed: one based on twohybrid mixed chaotic logistic maps and one based on two-hybrid mixed chaotic Henon maps, where each chaotic algorithm runs side-by-side andstarts with random initial conditions and parameters (encryption keys). The resulting hybrid PRNGs passed many of the NIST statistical test suits.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Tri Suryaningsih

The study aimed to describe the state of early poblem solving, the effectiveness of learning, and discription the application of the learning to had work character and problem solving mathematics students. The research is the kind of research concurerent embedded. Technic the data with using interviews, observation, and tests. Technic data analysis using analysis discriptif and statistical tests influence regression, the appeal, and test an increase in the gain. The results of the study showed that the initial conditions problem solving students average be low; effectiveness of indicated by the average capability problem solving mathematical students experiment has reached KKM that is above 74,5%, the ability problem solving mathematical class experiment better than class control, hard work and skill problem solving mathematical students have had a positive impact of the ability of mathematical problem soling students, with big the influence of 88,7%, increased capacity problem solving mathematical class experiment higher than class control; the results of a description of this research is improving hard work students; skills literacy mathematics; and ability problem solving mathematical stdents with a score of the gain 0,59; 0,66; 0,70.


2013 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
Dwi Lestariningsih Kusriniarti ◽  
Indah Lestari Rianti ◽  
Nasirly Riri ◽  
Himadani Maira ◽  
Dharmastiti Rini

Changing system from conventional to self-service system brings many advantages for a better service. In other hand, this transition force people to adapt with the new system.This research aimed to identify usability of self-service system in library, particularly in the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) on loans process. The methods of this research consist of user tasking, questionnaires, and open ended interviews. Usability testing conducted based on usability attributes including effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. After obtaining the test result from the data, the statistical tests related data attributes are analyzed using independent t-test. The results of this study showed a significant difference between the initial conditions and the improved condition. The improved loans procedures give better result than the existing one.


2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (09) ◽  
pp. 1450107 ◽  
Author(s):  
İsmail Öztürk ◽  
Recai Kiliç

This paper investigates cycle and transient lengths of spatially discretized chaotic maps with respect to different initial condition values. By investigating cycle lengths and their correlation properties using fixed point arithmetic, it is observed that for different initial condition values only a limited number of cycles occur for each resolution and rounding type. Additionally, it is seen that cycles with the same length are actually identical due to intersections between pseudo trajectories. The drawbacks of this situation are demonstrated for chaos based cryptosystems that use initial conditions as key. It is shown that highly correlated outputs for different initial conditions cause serious security vulnerabilities, although the statistical tests indicate otherwise. Finally, correlations in the perturbed systems are discussed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Marina Camargo de Sousa ◽  
◽  
Julia Ronzani Vial ◽  
Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira ◽  
Andrea Cristina Higa Nakaghi ◽  
...  

Birds of the psittaciform order, composed by the Psittacidae and Loridae family have several characteristics making them more frequently kept as companion animals, promoting the increase of breeding sites in Brazil. The present study aimed to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of three different coproparasitological tests, Willis, Hoffman and Direto de feces, through statistical tests: Chi-Square and Kappa. 70 fecal samples of exotic parrots were collected from a commercial breeding site and these were submitted to the three tests, totaling 210 coproparasitological exams. Among the tests performed, 29,5% were positive for nematode eggs, cestodes and oocysts. Coproparasitological exams are inexpensive, have clinical importance, indicating the population of endoparasites and therapeutic treatments.


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