Religious Coping in African-American and White Women following Pregnancy Loss

Abstract Background Chemoprevention is one of several methods that have been developed to help high-risk women reduce their risk of breast cancer. Reasons for the low uptake of chemoprevention are poorly understood. This paper seeks a deeper understanding of this phenomenon by drawing on women’s own narratives about their awareness of chemoprevention and their risk-related experiences. Methods This research is based on a parent project that included fifty in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of African American and White women at elevated risk of breast cancer. This specific study draws on the forty-seven interviews conducted with women at high or severe risk of breast cancer, all of whom are eligible to use chemoprevention for breast cancer risk-reduction. Interviews were analyzed using grounded theory methods. Results Forty-five percent of participants, and only 21% of African American participants, were aware of chemoprevention options. Women who had seen specialists were more likely to be aware, particularly if they had ongoing specialist access. Aware and unaware women relied on different types of sources for prevention-related information. Those whose main source of information was a healthcare provider were more likely to know about chemoprevention. Aware women used more nuanced information gathering strategies and worried more about cancer. Women simultaneously considered all risk-reduction options they knew about. Those who knew about chemoprevention but were reluctant to use it felt this way for multiple reasons, having to do with potential side effects, perceived extreme-ness of the intervention, similarity to chemotherapy, unknown information about chemoprevention, and reluctance to take medications in general. Conclusions Lack of chemoprevention awareness is a critical gap in women’s ability to make health-protective choices. Future research in this field must consider complexities in both women’s perspectives on chemoprevention and the reasons they are reluctant to use it.

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AIDS Protection and Contraception among African American, Hispanic, and White Women

Health & Social Work ◽

10.1093/hsw/23.3.186 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 186-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. M. Hines ◽

K. L. Graves

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

White Women

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A prospective study of bone loss in African-American and white women--a clinical research center study.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jcem.81.8.8768857 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 81 (8) ◽

pp. 2948-2956

Author(s):

M M Luckey ◽

S Wallenstein ◽

R Lapinski ◽

D E Meier

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Clinical Research ◽

Prospective Study ◽

White Women ◽

Research Center ◽

Clinical Research Center ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Center Study

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Race-Specific Association of Caesarean-Section Delivery with Body Size at Age 2 Years

Ethnicity & Disease ◽

10.18865/ed.26.1.61 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrea E Cassidy-Bushrow ◽

Ganesa Wegienka ◽

Suzanne Havstad ◽

Albert M. Levin ◽

Susan V. Lynch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Caesarean Section ◽

African American Women ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Racial Differences ◽

White Women ◽

Specific Effect ◽

Delivery Mode ◽

Font Size ◽

African American Mothers

Objectives: African American children are at higher risk of obesity than White children and African American women are more likely to undergo caesarean-section (CS) delivery than White women. CS is associated with childhood obesity, however, little is known whether this relationship varies by race.We examined if the association of CS with obesity at age 2 years varied by race. Design: Longitudinal birth cohort.Setting: Birth cohort conducted in a health care system in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan with follow-up at age 2 years.Participants: 639 birth cohort participants; 367 children (57.4%) were born to African American mothers and 230 (36.0%) children were born via CS.Main Outcome Measure: Obesity defined as body mass index ≥95th percentile at age 2 years.Results: Slightly more children of African American (n=37; 10.1%) than non-African American mothers (n=18; 6.6%) were obese (P=.12). There was evidence of effect modification between race and delivery mode with obesity at age 2 years (interaction P=.020). In children of African-American mothers, CS compared to vaginal birth was associated with a significantly higher odds of obesity (aOR=2.35 (95% CI: 1.16, 4.77), P=.017). In contrast, delivery mode was not associated with obesity at age 2 years in children of non-African-American mothers (aOR=.47 (95% CI: .13, 1.71), P=.25). Conclusions: There is evidence for a race-specific effect of CS on obesity at age 2 years; potential underlying mechanisms may be racial differences in the developing gut microbiome or in epigenetic programming. Future research is needed to determine if this racial difference persists into later childhood. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(1):61-68; doi:10.18865/ed.26.1.61

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Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk in Women in the First Year Postpartum: Allostatic Load as a Function of Race, Ethnicity, and Poverty Status

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1675618 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (10) ◽

pp. 1079-1089 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Madeleine U. Shalowitz ◽

Christine Dunkel Schetter ◽

Marianne M. Hillemeier ◽

Vernon M. Chinchilli ◽

Emma K. Adam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Child Health ◽

African American Women ◽

Low Income ◽

Allostatic Load ◽

White Women ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Community Sample ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

First Year

Objective Allostatic load (AL) represents multisystem physiological “wear-and-tear” reflecting emerging chronic disease risk. We assessed AL during the first year postpartum in a diverse community sample with known health disparities. Study Design The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development Community Child Health Network enrolled 2,448 predominantly low-income African-American, Latina, and White women immediately after delivery of liveborn infants at ≥20 weeks' gestation, following them over time with interviews, clinical measures, and biomarkers. AL at 6 and 12 months postpartum was measured by body mass index, waist:hip ratio, blood pressure, pulse, hemoglobin A1c, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein, and diurnal cortisol slope. Results Adverse AL health-risk profiles were significantly more prevalent among African-American women compared with non-Hispanic Whites, with Latinas intermediate. Breastfeeding was protective, particularly for White women. Complications of pregnancy were associated with higher AL, and disparities persisted or worsened through the first year postpartum. Conclusion Adverse AL profiles occurred in a substantial proportion of postpartum women, and disparities did not improve from birth to 1 year. Breastfeeding was protective for the mother.

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African American Women and Domestic Violence: Addressing their Voice of Silence

10.35455/brk12345678 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Bernice Kennedy ◽

Chalice Rhodes (Former Jenkins)

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Domestic Violence ◽

African American ◽

Black Women ◽

African American Women ◽

White Women ◽

The United States ◽

Slave Owner ◽

American Women ◽

Strong Black Women

Abstract Historically, during slavery, the international slave trade promoted normalization of violence against African American women. During slavery, African American women endured inhuman conditions because of the majority race views of them as being over-sexualized, physically strong, and immoral. This perception of the African American women as being highly sexual and more sexual than white women results in slave owner justifying their sexual violation and degrading of the African American women. The stereotypical representations of African American women as strong, controlling, dangerous, fearless, and invulnerable may interfere with the African American women receiving the needed services for domestic violence in the community. The Strong Black Women Archetype has been dated back to slavery describing their coping mechanism in dealing with oppression by developing a strong, less traditionally female role. The authors developed a model: The Multidimensional Perspectives of Factors Contributing to Domestic Violence of African American Women in the United States. This model depicts historically, the factors contributing to domestic violence of African American women in the United States. Also, this model addressed the African American women subscribing to the Strong Black Women Archetype to cope with domestic violence. Despite the increase in domestic violence in African American women, they focused more on the issue of racism instead of sexism in America. African American women have experienced the two obstacles of racism and sexism in America. However, African American women and men believe racism is more critical than sexism. Therefore, domestic violence in the African American population may remain silent because of cultural loyalty. However, the voice of silence of African American females is gradually changing with the upcoming generations.

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Meaning of Pregnancy Terms Among African-American Women

The Qualitative Report ◽

10.46743/2160-3715/2017.2543 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie Solomon ◽

Sandra Suther ◽

Ivette Lopez ◽

Alicestine Ashford ◽

Linda Amankwaa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

African American Women ◽

White Women ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

American Women ◽

Planning Policy ◽

Pregnancy Intendedness ◽

Women's Lives ◽

Recurrent Patterns ◽

Descriptive Method

The concept of pregnancy intendedness is complex and may not bear the same meaning to all women. Moreover, researcher definition and women’s meaning were thought to be different. Some researchers have indicated that it is unclear how well women understand and relate to questions used by the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) and how the classifications relate to women’s lives. The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of terms such as planned and/or intended pregnancy among African-American women of childbearing age using a qualitative exploratory descriptive method. Although African-American women want children, they are three times as likely to experience an unintended pregnancy as white women. Data extracted from transcripts were coded and analyzed for recurrent patterns and themes. For this study, the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980) was employed to frame interview questions and to interpret data. Findings suggest participants and partners often did not have the same perceptions or meanings of pregnancy planning or intentions. These findings have implications for research and family planning policy.

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