Co-Imagination of Fictional Worlds in Film Viewing

The typical experience of narrative film is characterized by a remarkable intensity as to absorption and emotion. Current explanations attribute the experience to the realistic perceptual impact of the film. This theoretical article sets out to explain the experience as the result first of the film-viewer's acts of imagination of fictional worlds. More specifically, it seems suitable to conceptualize the film experience as arising from pretense play. Pretense play can afford room for free imagination leading to intense emotion, as well as restrictions to the imagination “quarantining” ( Leslie, 1987 ) pretended fictional worlds from the real world, thus safeguarding the enjoyability and adaptiveness of the experience. Applying the concept of joint pretense for the first time to film, we follow Walton (1990) in his account of fiction as an institutionalized form of pretense play enabling intense emotional experiences in the cinema, including unpleasant ones to be appreciated by film-viewers. Thus, the model of co-imagination has as components (a) the generation of fictional film worlds—the acts of pretense in the narrower sense; (b) the participation in; and (c) the appreciation of these. We argue that the account of the experience can be improved if it is conceived as the outcome of joint pretense, in which film-viewers in their imagination activity team up with filmmakers—experts by eminence in prompting the viewers’ imagination. Finally, in our model of co-imagination in popular film joint pretense acts are layered ( Clark, 1996 ) as to the contents of the fictional worlds, with the lowest layer representing the collaboration for imagination between filmmaker and film-viewer in the actual world and the higher ones representing fictional worlds of increasing depth of imagination. Because of asymmetric access relations among layers, returns to the actual world in advanced pretense are difficult, which helps quarantining and the sense of absorption.

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How to evaluate sustainability of supply chains? A dynamic network DEA approach

Industrial Management & Data Systems ◽

10.1108/imds-09-2016-0389 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 117 (9) ◽

pp. 1866-1889 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Vahid Shokri Kahi ◽

Saeed Yousefi ◽

Hadi Shabanpour ◽

Reza Farzipoor Saen

Keyword(s):

Big Data ◽

Supply Chains ◽

Real World ◽

Performance Optimization ◽

Network Dynamic ◽

Network Dea ◽

Content Type ◽

Dea Model ◽

Proposed Model ◽

First Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel network and dynamic data envelopment analysis (DEA) model for evaluating sustainability of supply chains. In the proposed model, all links can be considered in calculation of efficiency score. Design/methodology/approach A dynamic DEA model to evaluate sustainable supply chains in which networks have series structure is proposed. Nature of free links is defined and subsequently applied in calculating relative efficiency of supply chains. An additive network DEA model is developed to evaluate sustainability of supply chains in several periods. A case study demonstrates applicability of proposed approach. Findings This paper assists managers to identify inefficient supply chains and take proper remedial actions for performance optimization. Besides, overall efficiency scores of supply chains have less fluctuation. By utilizing the proposed model and determining dual-role factors, managers can plan their supply chains properly and more accurately. Research limitations/implications In real world, managers face with big data. Therefore, we need to develop an approach to deal with big data. Practical implications The proposed model offers useful managerial implications along with means for managers to monitor and measure efficiency of their production processes. The proposed model can be applied in real world problems in which decision makers are faced with multi-stage processes such as supply chains, production systems, etc. Originality/value For the first time, the authors present additive model of network-dynamic DEA. For the first time, the authors outline the links in a way that carry-overs of networks are connected in different periods and not in different stages.

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Efficacy of BRAF and MEK Inhibition in Patients with BRAF-Mutant Advanced Melanoma and Germline CDKN2A Pathogenic Variants

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13102440 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2440

Author(s):

Francesco Spagnolo ◽

Bruna Dalmasso ◽

Enrica Tanda ◽

Miriam Potrony ◽

Susana Puig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Response Rate ◽

Suppressor Gene ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Clinical Activity ◽

P Value ◽

Pathogenic Variants ◽

Phase Iii Trials ◽

The Difference ◽

First Time

Inherited pathogenic variants (PVs) in the CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene are among the strongest risk factors for cutaneous melanoma. Dysregulation of the p16/RB1 pathway may intrinsically limit the activity of MAPK-directed therapy due to the interplay between the two pathways. In our study, we assessed, for the first time, whether patients with germline CDKN2A PVs achieve suboptimal results with BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi)+/−MEK inhibitors (MEKi). We compared the response rate of nineteen CDKN2A PVs carriers who received first-line treatment with BRAFi+/−MEKi with an expected rate derived from phase III trials and “real-world” studies. We observed partial response in 16/19 patients (84%), and no complete responses. The overall response rate was higher than that expected from phase III trials (66%), although not statistically significant (p-value = 0.143; 95% CI = 0.60–0.97); the difference was statistically significant (p-value = 0.019; 95% CI = 0.62–0.97) in the comparison with real-world studies (57%). The clinical activity of BRAFi+/−MEKi in patients with germline CDKN2A PV was not inferior to that of clinical trials and real-world studies, which is of primary importance for clinical management and genetic counseling of this subgroup of patients.

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Friendship jealousy: One tool for maintaining friendships in the face of third-party threats?

10.31234/osf.io/wdc2q ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jaimie Krems ◽

Keelah Williams ◽

Douglas Kenrick ◽

Athena Aktipis

Keyword(s):

Romantic Relationships ◽

Real World ◽

Reproductive Fitness ◽

Third Parties ◽

Third Party ◽

Primary Reason ◽

Developmental Research ◽

Emotional Experiences ◽

The Face ◽

On Line

Friendships can foster happiness, health, and reproductive fitness. But friendships end—even when we might not want them to. A primary reason for this is interference from third parties. Yet little work has explored how people meet the challenge of maintaining friendships in the face of real or perceived threats from third parties, as when our friends inevitably make new friends or form new romantic relationships. In contrast to earlier conceptualizations from developmental research, which viewed friendship jealousy as solely maladaptive, we propose that friendship jealousy is one overlooked tool of friendship maintenance. We derive and test—via a series of 11 studies (N = 2918) using hypothetical scenarios, recalled real-world events, and manipulation of on-line emotional experiences—whether friendship jealousy possesses the features of a tool well-designed to help us retain friends in the face of third-party threats. Consistent with our proposition, findings suggest that friendship jealousy is (1) uniquely evoked by third-party threats to friendships (but not the prospective loss of the friendship alone), (2) sensitive to the value of the threatened friendship, (3) strongly calibrated to cues that one is being replaced, even over more intuitive cues (e.g., the amount of time a friend and interloper spend together), and (4) ultimately motivates behavior aimed at countering third-party threats to friendship (“friend guarding”). Even as friendship jealousy may be negative to experience, it may include features designed for beneficial—and arguably prosocial—ends: to help maintain friendships.

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BIDRAG TILL EN FIKTIONOLOGISK EPISTEMOLOGI

K&K - Kultur og Klasse ◽

10.7146/kok.v41i115.15878 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 41 (115) ◽

pp. 101-110

Author(s):

Göran Rossholm

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Fictional Worlds

A CONTRIBUTION TO NARRATIVE EPISTEMOLOGY | In the wake of Roman Ingarden’s Das Literarische Kunstwerk many literary theorists have claimed that fictional worlds are “incomplete”,contrary to our real world. This idea is critically examined; the conclusion of the examination is that in most cases the incompleteness thesis is based on confusion between ontology and epistemology. However, in some cases – one example is Kafka’s The Process – the thesis is better warranted, but in these cases incompleteness may just as well be described in semantic terms as vagueness.

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FIRST DIGIT DISTRIBUTION OF HADRON FULL WIDTH

Modern Physics Letters A ◽

10.1142/s0217732309031223 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (40) ◽

pp. 3275-3282 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

LIJING SHAO ◽

BO-QIANG MA

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Particle Physics ◽

Benford’S Law ◽

Full Width ◽

Scale Invariant ◽

Benford's Law ◽

Science Domain ◽

Logarithmic Distribution ◽

First Time ◽

Power Invariant

A phenomenological law, called Benford's law, states that the occurrence of the first digit, i.e. 1, 2,…, 9, of numbers from many real world sources is not uniformly distributed, but instead favors smaller ones according to a logarithmic distribution. We investigate, for the first time, the first digit distribution of the full widths of mesons and baryons in the well-defined science domain of particle physics systematically, and find that they agree excellently with the Benford distribution. We also discuss several general properties of Benford's law, i.e. the law is scale-invariant, base-invariant and power-invariant. This means that the lifetimes of hadrons also follow Benford's law.

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Difference between the Real World and Virtual World

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2020047035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Wei Wang

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Real World ◽

Virtual World ◽

Actual World ◽

Scientific Representation ◽

The Real ◽

The Difference

The development of virtual reality brings an old and historic question on the difference between the real world and unreal world. In this paper, starting from the concept of representation, I argued that what we call “virtual reality” is a representation of an actual or non-actual world and the criterion of difference between the “real world” and “virtual reality” is whether we present it with the intention of using it as a representation. After that, the thesis is demonstrated again from different theories of scientific representation. Therefore, the intuitive distinction between the “real world” and “virtual reality” can be drawn on the epistemological criterion; that is to say, the virtual world is a representation while the real world is not.

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Displaying Red and Black on a First Date: A Field Study Using the “First Dates” Television Series

Evolutionary Psychology ◽

10.1177/1474704918769417 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 147470491876941 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robin S. S. Kramer ◽

Jerrica Mulgrew

Keyword(s):

Field Study ◽

Real World ◽

Television Series ◽

Men And Women ◽

First Time

Previous research has shown that displaying the color red can increase attractiveness. As a result, women display red more often when expecting to meet more attractive men in a laboratory context. Here, we carried out a field study by analyzing 546 daters from the “First Dates” television series. Each participant was filmed in a pre-date interview and during a real first date, allowing direct comparison of the clothing worn by each person in these two contexts. Analysis of ratings of the amount of red displayed showed that both men and women wore more red clothing during their dates. This pattern was even stronger for black clothing, while the amount of blue clothing did not differ across the two contexts. Our results provide the first real-world demonstration that people display more red and black clothing when meeting a possible mate for the first time, perhaps seeking to increase their attractiveness and/or reveal their intentions to potential partners.

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