Mental Health and Personality Functioning of Naval Specialists Working in Extreme Environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-614
Author(s):  
Charles H. Van Wijk ◽  
Willem A. J. Meintjes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Personality Functioning

scholarly journals Personality functioning scale: A scale to assess DSM-5’s Criterion A personality disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Juliana Beatriz Stover ◽  
Mercedes Fernández Liporace ◽  
Alejandro Castro Solano
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Check List ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Short Scale ◽  
Criterion A ◽  
Symptom Check List

The Section III on Emerging Measures and Models included in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, introduces a hybrid alternative approach, dimensional-categorical, to diagnose personality disorders. The Criterion A establishes the assessment of the impairment in personality functioning in terms of two dimensions: self and interpersonal. The present study was aimed at developing a short scale to measure both dimensions. The sample was composed of 342 adults from Buenos Aires city and its outskirts, with ages ranging from 19 to 82 years old (M = 39.90, SD = 13.75). Data were gathered using the Personality Functioning Scale, developed in this study, as well as the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 Brief Form, the Mental Health Continuum Short Form, and the Symptom Check List-27. A principal components analysis conducted on 28 items found 2 factors, interpersonal and self. Internal consistency, estimated by ordinal Alphas, achieved values between .92 and .86 whilst Cronbach’s Alphas were .88 and .87. Significant and positive correlations between the Personality Functioning Scale scores on the one hand, and the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 Brief Form scores and the Symptom Check List-27 score on the other, were found. Negative correlations between PFS scores and the Mental Health Continuum Short Form were calculated. As a result, a short scale with adequate psychometric features, suitable to assess Criterion A in adult Argentinian population has been developed.

scholarly journals Exploring associations between personality trait facets and emotional, psychological and social well-being in eating disorder patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Alexander de Vos ◽  
Mirjam Radstaak ◽  
Ernst T. Bohlmeijer ◽  
Gerben J. Westerhof
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Health It ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personality Functioning

Abstract Purpose Personality functioning is strongly linked to well-being in the general population. Yet, there is a lack of scientific knowledge about the pathways between personality trait facets and emotional, psychological and social well-being in ED patients. The general aim was to examine potential associations between maladaptive personality trait facets and the three main dimensions of well-being. Methods Participants were 1187 female eating disorder patients who were referred for specialized treatment. Patients were diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (31.7%), bulimia nervosa (21.7%), binge eating disorder (11%) and other specified eating disorders (35.5%). The Personality Inventory for the DSM 5 (PID-5) was used to measure 25 trait facets, and well-being was measured with the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF). Multiple hierarchical regression analyses were applied to examine potential associations between personality and well-being while controlling for background and illness characteristics. Results Personality trait facets led to a statistically significant increase of the explained variance in emotional (38%), psychological (39%), and social well-being (26%) in addition to the background and illness characteristics. The personality trait facets anhedonia and depression were strongly associated with all three well-being dimensions. Conclusion Personality traits may play an essential role in the experience of well-being among patients with EDs. To promote overall mental health, it may be critical for clinicians to address relevant personality trait facets, such as anhedonia and depression, associated with well-being in treatment. Level of evidence Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

752 Associations Between Sleep Neurophysiology and Personality Functioning Support Dimensionality in Mental Health

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A293-A293
Author(s):  
Salome Wild ◽  
Chiara Fontanellaz-Castiglione ◽  
Andjela Markovic ◽  
Vanessa Salvatore ◽  
Michael Kaess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
National Science Foundation Grant ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Delta Power

Abstract Introduction Most psychiatric disorders in adolescence are linked to alterations in sleep behavior and neurophysiology. Similar but less pronounced changes to sleep have been reported in healthy adolescent and sub-clinical samples, suggesting that the association between sleep and mental health may lie on a continuum. The current study takes a dimensional approach to better understand the link between personality functioning as assessed using the alternative DSM-5 approach to assess personality (AMPD) and brain activity measured with the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG). Methods The current study included 26 medication free participants (10 with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and 16 healthy controls; aged 14 to 17 years (mean = 15.2 (±1.1); 14 girls) recruited as part of a longitudinal study on sleep and depression. All night high-density (58 channel) sleep EEG recordings were conducted and power in the delta (0.6 to 4.6 Hz) and sigma (11 to 16 Hz) bands, corresponding to slow waves and sleep spindles respectively, was computed. Dimensions of personality were assessed using the PID-5, which consists of the five trait domains: detachment, psychoticism, antagonism, disinhibition, and negative affect. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to examine the association between PID-5 dimension and delta and sigma power. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to correct for multiple comparisons. Results Greater negative affect was associated with diminished delta power for 28 electrodes over frontal, temporal, central and parietal regions (0.03 < p < 0.04). No associations between sigma power and any of the PID-5 dimensions were found. Conclusion In a sample of adolescents with and without depression, we find associations between negative affect and delta power independent of other dimensions of personality functioning. Using a dimensional approach, our findings are in line with previous literature showing diminished delta power in those with MDD compared to healthy controls. Our findings provide neurophysiological support for the notion that personality functioning in youth is accurately conceptualized on a continuum. Support (if any) This research was supported by the Interfaculty Research Cooperation Grant “Decoding Sleep: From Neurons to Health and Mind” from the University of Bern and the Swiss National Science Foundation Grant 32003B_184943 (to L.T.).

scholarly journals PACE Study Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Volkert ◽  
Svenja Taubner ◽  
Anna Berning ◽  
Hannah Wiessner ◽  
Julia Holl
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Personality Functioning

Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, psychological distress is increased. Transdiagnostic mechanisms, including trauma, personality functioning, mentalizing and emotion regulation are considered relevant to the development and maintenance of mental health problems and therefore may play a role in individuals’ reactions to the pandemic. Aim: To identify moderating and mediating factors associated with pandemic-related distress and mental health problems in adults and families, we aim to investigate the interactions of interpersonal trauma (childhood trauma and domestic violence), psychological capacities (personality functioning, mentalizing and emotion regulation) and pandemic-related adversity on psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we aim to investigate behavioral and cognitive consequences of the pandemic (e.g., media consumption, vaccination status, conspiracy beliefs).Methods: Using an online-based cross-sectional and longitudinal design, we will investigate a sample of adult participants recruited via online platforms in German-speaking countries over the course of one year with four measurements points via self-report instruments (personality functioning: PID5BF+; mentalizing: MentS, PRFQ; emotion regulation: DERS-SF; mental health problems: PHQ-9, GAD-7; a composite pandemic-related stress score). Structural equation and multi-level modeling will be performed for data analyses.Implications: This study will provide data on the moderating and mediating effects of trauma, personality functioning and mentalizing during the pandemic in a large community sample, particularly on vulnerable groups like families. Identifying transdiagnostic mechanisms of psychopathology in the course of a pandemic crisis may provide valuable insight for the development of pre- and intervention measures for potential psychological distress during and post the pandemic.

Persistent and Emergent Clinical Sequelae of Mild COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 962-969
Author(s):  
Victoria Tucci ◽  
Joan Saary
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Clinical Trial Registries ◽  
Screening And Surveillance ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Return To Duty

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the clinical course and consequences of COVID-19 initially evolved in the context of severe presentations and among those with comorbidities. However, understanding the outcomes of milder infections in healthy individuals is important for safe return-to-duty in extreme environments or to occupations requiring significant fitness. We reviewed the literature to characterize the nature and timing of persistent and emergent clinical sequelae in milder COVID-19 cases to facilitate development of post-COVID-19 screening and surveillance protocols.METHODS: We searched databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane COVID-19 study register, gray literature, clinical trial registries, and relevant health and disease prevention sources for publications from 2019 to February 18th, 2021, documenting COVID-19 sequelae. Articles were included if the COVID-19 severity was mild and there were no, or only minor, pre-existing comorbidities. Persistent and emergent sequelae were then stratified based on time since diagnosis.RESULTS: Among those with mild COVID-19, sequelae were shown to emerge or persist for months following presumed recovery. Among those with no comorbidities, cardiac, hematological, and respiratory sequelae emerged after 1-2 mo, and primarily cardiac abnormalities persisted at ≥ 3 mo. Among those with minor comorbidities, persistent respiratory abnormalities, fatigue, dyspnea, and headache were common, and mental health symptoms emerged by 1-2 mo postinfection.DISCUSSION: After presumed recovery from mild COVID-19, a range of symptoms can persist and later emerge. Whether these are new or previously unrecognized is unclear. Under-recognized COVID-19 sequelae may increase the risk of subtle or sudden incapacitation and have implications for return-to-work (RTW) screening and surveillance for safety-critical roles.Tucci V, Saary J. Persistent and emergent clinical sequelae of mild COVID-19. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(12):962–969.

scholarly journals Factor structure and validation of the mental health checklist (MHCL) for use in isolated, confined and extreme environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Bower ◽  
Mitzi S. Laughlin ◽  
Christopher Connaboy ◽  
Richard J. Simpson ◽  
Candice A. Alfano
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Extreme Environments

scholarly journals Transdiagnostic Mechanisms of Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Adults and Families in Germany: Study Protocol of a Cross-Sectional and 1-Year Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Volkert ◽  
Svenja Taubner ◽  
Anna Berning ◽  
Laura Kling ◽  
Hannah Wießner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personality Functioning

Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, psychological distress is increased. Transdiagnostic mechanisms, including trauma, personality functioning, mentalizing and emotion regulation are considered relevant to the development and maintenance of mental health problems and therefore may play a role in individuals’ reactions to the pandemic.Aim: To identify moderating and mediating factors associated with pandemic-related distress and mental health problems in adults and families, we aim to investigate the interactions of interpersonal trauma (childhood trauma and domestic violence), psychological capacities (personality functioning, mentalizing and emotion regulation) and pandemic-related adversity on psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we aim to investigate behavioral and cognitive consequences of the pandemic (e.g., media consumption, vaccination status, conspiracy beliefs).Methods: Using an online-based cross-sectional and longitudinal design, we will investigate a sample of adult participants recruited via online platforms in German-speaking countries over the course of 1 year with four measurements points via self-report instruments (personality functioning: PID5BF +; mentalizing: MentS, PRFQ; emotion regulation: DERS-SF; mental health problems: PHQ-9, GAD-7; a composite pandemic-related stress score). Structural equation and multi-level modeling will be performed for data analyses.Implications: This study will provide data on the moderating and mediating effects of trauma, personality functioning and mentalizing during the pandemic in a large community sample, particularly on vulnerable groups like families. Identifying transdiagnostic mechanisms of psychopathology in the course of a pandemic crisis may provide valuable insight for the development of pre- and intervention measures for potential psychological distress during and post the pandemic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document