752 Associations Between Sleep Neurophysiology and Personality Functioning Support Dimensionality in Mental Health

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A293-A293
Author(s):  
Salome Wild ◽  
Chiara Fontanellaz-Castiglione ◽  
Andjela Markovic ◽  
Vanessa Salvatore ◽  
Michael Kaess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
National Science Foundation Grant ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Delta Power

Abstract Introduction Most psychiatric disorders in adolescence are linked to alterations in sleep behavior and neurophysiology. Similar but less pronounced changes to sleep have been reported in healthy adolescent and sub-clinical samples, suggesting that the association between sleep and mental health may lie on a continuum. The current study takes a dimensional approach to better understand the link between personality functioning as assessed using the alternative DSM-5 approach to assess personality (AMPD) and brain activity measured with the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG). Methods The current study included 26 medication free participants (10 with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and 16 healthy controls; aged 14 to 17 years (mean = 15.2 (±1.1); 14 girls) recruited as part of a longitudinal study on sleep and depression. All night high-density (58 channel) sleep EEG recordings were conducted and power in the delta (0.6 to 4.6 Hz) and sigma (11 to 16 Hz) bands, corresponding to slow waves and sleep spindles respectively, was computed. Dimensions of personality were assessed using the PID-5, which consists of the five trait domains: detachment, psychoticism, antagonism, disinhibition, and negative affect. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to examine the association between PID-5 dimension and delta and sigma power. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to correct for multiple comparisons. Results Greater negative affect was associated with diminished delta power for 28 electrodes over frontal, temporal, central and parietal regions (0.03 < p < 0.04). No associations between sigma power and any of the PID-5 dimensions were found. Conclusion In a sample of adolescents with and without depression, we find associations between negative affect and delta power independent of other dimensions of personality functioning. Using a dimensional approach, our findings are in line with previous literature showing diminished delta power in those with MDD compared to healthy controls. Our findings provide neurophysiological support for the notion that personality functioning in youth is accurately conceptualized on a continuum. Support (if any) This research was supported by the Interfaculty Research Cooperation Grant “Decoding Sleep: From Neurons to Health and Mind” from the University of Bern and the Swiss National Science Foundation Grant 32003B_184943 (to L.T.).

scholarly journals Influence of chronotype on daily mood fluctuations: pilot study in patients with depression

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin F. Brückmann ◽  
Jürgen Hennig ◽  
Matthias J. Müller ◽  
Stanislava Fockenberg ◽  
Anne-Marthe Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Patient Subgroup ◽  
Depression Risk ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Relationship

Summary Depression risk is associated with a late chronotype pattern often described as an ‘evening chronotype’. Fluctuations in mood over consecutive days have not yet been measured according to chronotype in in-patients with depression. A total of 30 in-patients with depression and 32 healthy controls matched for gender and age completed a chronotype questionnaire and twice-daily ratings on mood for 10 consecutive days (registered in the German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00010215). The in-patients had Saturdays and Sundays as hospital-leave days. The relationship between chronotype and daily mood was mediated by the weekday–weekend schedule with higher levels of negative affect in the evening-chronotype patient subgroup at weekends. Results are discussed with respect to a probably advantageous standardised clinical setting with early morning routines, especially for patients with evening chronotypes.

scholarly journals BARD1 Autoantibody Blood Test for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
Maxim Pilyugin ◽  
Magda Ratasjka ◽  
Maciej Stukan ◽  
Nicole Concin ◽  
Robert Zeillinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cancer Antigen 125 ◽  
Cancer Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Screening

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynaecological cancer. It is often diagnosed at an advanced stage with poor chances for successful treatment. An accurate blood test for the early detection of OC could reduce the mortality of this disease. Methods: Autoantibody reactivity to 20 epitopes of BARD1 and concentration of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) were assessed in 480 serum samples of OC patients and healthy controls. Autoantibody reactivity and CA125 were also tested for 261 plasma samples of OC with or without mutations in BRCA1/2, BARD1, or other predisposing genes, and healthy controls. Lasso statistic regression was applied to measurements to develop an algorithm for discrimination between OC and controls. Findings and interpretation: Measurement of autoantibody binding to a number of BARD1 epitopes combined with CA125 could distinguish OC from healthy controls with high accuracy. This BARD1-CA125 test was more accurate than measurements of BARD1 autoantibody or CA125 alone for all OC stages and menopausal status. A BARD1-CA125-based test is expected to work equally well for average-risk women and high-risk women with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC). Although these results are promising, further data on well-characterised clinical samples shall be used to confirm the potential of the BARD1-CA125 test for ovarian cancer screening.

scholarly journals Going virtual: youth attitudes toward and experiences of virtual mental health and substance use services during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa D. Hawke ◽  
Natasha Y. Sheikhan ◽  
Karen MacCon ◽  
Joanna Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Youth Mental Health ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Substance Use Services ◽  
Youth Attitudes ◽  
Virtual Services

Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, youth mental health and substance use services rapidly moved to virtual modalities to meet social distancing requirements. It is important to understand youth attitudes toward and experience of virtual services. Objective This study examined the attitudes toward and experiences of virtual mental health and substance use services among youth drawn from clinical and non-clinical samples. Method Four hundred nine youth completed a survey including questions about their attitudes toward and experience of virtual services. The survey included quantitative and open-ended questions on virtual care, as well as a mental health and substance use screener. Results The majority of youth with mental health or substance use challenges would be willing to consider individual virtual services, but fewer would consider group virtual services. However, many have not received virtual services. Youth are interested in accessing a wide variety of virtual services and other supportive wellness services. Advantages and disadvantages of virtual services are discussed, including accessibility benefits and technological barriers. Discussion As youth mental health and substance use services have rapidly gone virtual during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential that we hear the perspectives of youth to promote service utilization among those in need. Diverse, accessible, technologically stable virtual services are required to meet the needs of different youth, possibly with in-person options for some youth. Future research, engaging youth in the research process, is needed to evaluate the efficacy of virtual services to plan for the sustainability of some virtual service gains beyond the pandemic period.

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome and REM sleep behavior disorder in multiple sclerosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Gómez-Choco ◽  
A. Iranzo ◽  
Y. Blanco ◽  
F. Graus ◽  
J. Santamaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Restless Legs

A total of 135 consecutive, unrelated, multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were interviewed for symptoms suggestive of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), using semi-structured questionnaires. Some 118 unrelated healthy controls of similar sex and age distribution were included for comparison. Patients and controls with equivocal symptoms were re-evaluated by a sleep disorders specialist and video-polisomnography in those who fulfilled the criteria for RBD. We did not find significant differences in frequency (13.3 versus 9.3%), proportion of females (66.7 versus 58.5%), and mean age (42.1±12.6 versus 43±7.8 years) among MS patients and controls with RLS. RBD was found in three patients (1.4%), one associated with antidepressant intake, but in none of the controls. Our study shows that RLS in MS is not more frequent than in the general population, and that RBD, although uncommon, may occur in the setting of this neurological disease. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 805-808. http://msj.sagepub.com

Reduced cortical brain activity with the use of microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees during walking

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saffran Möller ◽  
David Rusaw ◽  
Kerstin Hagberg ◽  
Nerrolyn Ramstrand
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Prosthetic Knee ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Lower Limb Prosthesis ◽  
Prosthetic Knees ◽  
Limb Prosthesis

Background: Individuals using a lower-limb prosthesis indicate that they need to concentrate on every step they take. Despite self-reports of increased cognitive demand, there is limited understanding of the link between cognitive processes and walking when using a lower-limb prosthesis. Objective: The objective was to assess cortical brain activity during level walking in individuals using different prosthetic knee components and compare them to healthy controls. It was hypothesized that the least activity would be observed in the healthy control group, followed by individuals using a microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee and finally individuals using a non-microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: An optical brain imaging system was used to measure relative changes in concentration of oxygenated and de-oxygenated haemoglobin in the frontal and motor cortices during level walking. The number of steps and time to walk 10 m was also recorded. The 6-min walk test was assessed as a measure of functional capacity. Results: Individuals with a transfemoral or knee-disarticulation amputation, using non-microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee ( n = 14) or microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee ( n = 15) joints and healthy controls ( n = 16) participated in the study. A significant increase was observed in cortical brain activity of individuals walking with a non-microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee when compared to healthy controls ( p < 0.05) and individuals walking with an microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee joint ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Individuals walking with a non-microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee demonstrated an increase in cortical brain activity compared to healthy individuals. Use of a microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee was associated with less cortical brain activity than use of a non-microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee. Clinical relevance Increased understanding of cognitive processes underlying walking when using different types of prosthetic knees can help to optimize selection of prosthetic components and provide an opportunity to enhance functioning with a prosthesis.

scholarly journals COVID-19 as a Stressor: Pandemic Expectations, Perceived Stress, and Negative Affect in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda R Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
And Coping

Abstract Objectives The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic is appraised as a stressor influences perceived stress (PS) and psychological well-being during the event. Here, the association of older adults’ expectations concerning the pandemic’s duration and impact with PS and negative affect (NA) is investigated. Based on the stress and coping framework, PS is expected to mediate the association between COVID-19 expectations and NA. Methods Seven hundred fourteen residents of the United States and aged 60 and older completed an anonymous online survey in late March 2020 reporting PS, NA, and expectations regarding the pandemic. Results Regression analyses controlling for demographic factors revealed that more dire pandemic expectations significantly predicted PS and NA directly, and the effects on NA were significantly mediated by PS. Discussion Findings provide evidence that expectations about a pandemic influence the extent to which older adults experience stress and NA in the midst of a pandemic event. Implications for mental health are discussed.

scholarly journals Plasma Kynurenine Level is Associated With Left DLPFC Activity and Can Predict Treatment Response in Major Depressive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiharu Kamishikiryo ◽  
Go Okada ◽  
Eri Itai ◽  
Yoshikazu Masuda ◽  
Satoshi Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Left Dlpfc ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Regional Brain Activity

Abstract To establish treatment response biomarkers that reflect the pathophysiology of depression, it is important to use an integrated set of features that are promising as biomarkers. This study aimed to determine the relationship between blood metabolites related to treatment response to escitalopram and regional brain activity at rest and to find the characteristics of depression that respond to treatment. Blood metabolite levels and resting brain activity were measured in patients with depression (N = 65) before and after 6 weeks treatment with escitalopram and healthy controls (N = 36). Thirty-two patients (49.2%) showed clinical response (>50% reduction in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score) and were classified as Responders, and the remaining 33 patients were classified as Nonresponders. Pretreatment plasma kynurenine level and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were lower in Responders, and their elevations after treatment were correlated with improvement in symptoms. Moreover, fALFF of the left DLPFC was significantly correlated with plasma kynurenine level in pretreatment patients with depression and healthy controls. Decreased kynurenine level and resting-state regional brain activity of the left DLPFC may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression in response to escitalopram treatment.

scholarly journals Physical Health Profile and Associated Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients With Bipolar Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Dyg Sperling ◽  
Nina Dalkner ◽  
Christina Berndt ◽  
Eva Fleischmann ◽  
Michaela Ratzenhofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased psychological strain on public mental health and may impact behavioral, mental, and physical health, presumably with effects on patients with severe mental disorders. This study examines pandemic-related physical and mental health and (compensatory) behavioral changes, in patients with BD as compared to healthy control individuals.Method: Physical and mental health and self-reported changes in daily structure and behavior due to the pandemic were assessed using a self-constructed questionnaire and the brief symptom inventory (BSI) in Germany, Austria, and Denmark in individuals with BD and a healthy control group.Results: The present study included 118 individuals with BD and 215 healthy controls. Individuals with BD reported statistically significant higher physical risk burden, increased weight gain, more physical comorbidities, and a decrease in physical activity and they further reported higher rates of COVID-19 testing, had more worries concerning health, and experienced more anxiety but less social distancing.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic seems to have a greater impact on physical health in individuals with BD than in healthy controls. Individuals with BD appear to be having more difficulties compensating their behavior due to the pandemic which could amplify the effect of risk factors associated with poorer physical health. This highlights the necessity for optimizing and targeting the overall treatment of both mental and physical health in patients with BD during periods with far-reaching changes such as the COVID-19 pandemic.Limitations: Sampling issues and self-report forms, selectivity (missing elderly, and those lacking access or knowledge of technology).

scholarly journals Fusing Mobile Phone Sensing and Brain Imaging to Assess Depression in College Students

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy F. Huckins ◽  
Alex W. daSilva ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Weichen Wang ◽  
Elin L. Hedlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Mobile Phone Sensing ◽  
Functional Brain Activity

AbstractAs smartphone usage has become increasingly prevalent in our society, so have rates of depression, particularly among young adults. Individual differences in smartphone usage patterns have been shown to reflect individual differences in underlying affective processes such as depression (Wang et al., 2018). In the current study, we identified a positive relationship between smartphone screen time (e.g. phone unlock duration) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the subgenual cingulate cortex (sgCC), a brain region implicated in depression and antidepressant treatment response, and regions of the ventromedial/orbitofrontal cortex, such that increased phone usage was related to stronger connectivity between these regions. We then used this cluster to constrain subsequent analyses looking at depressive symptoms in the same cohort and observed partial replication in a separate cohort. We believe the data and analyses presented here provide relatively simplistic initial analyses which replicate and provide a first step in combining functional brain activity and smartphone usage patterns to better understand issues related to mental health. Smartphones are a prevalent part of modern life and the usage of mobile sensing data from smartphones promises to be an important tool for mental health diagnostics and neuroscience research.

scholarly journals Identification of RRM2 as a Potential Biomarker for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Biao ◽  
Yufeng Chen ◽  
Junlong Zhong ◽  
Shuping Zhong ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Abstract Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease that can occur at any age. If treatment is delayed, RA can seriously affect the patients’ quality of life. However, there is no diagnostic criteria for RA and the positive predictive value of the current biomarkers is moderate. Objective: to identify RA-associated susceptibility genes and explore their potential as a novel biomarker for diagnosis and evaluation of the prognosis of RA.Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from healthy human donors and RA patients. RNA-seq analyses were performed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between RA and control samples. The PBMCs-mRNA in DEGs were further subjected to enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the hub genes and key modules associated with RA were screened by bioinformatics analyses. Then, the expression of hub genes in RA were assessed in mRNA expression profiles. Next, real time-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses were performed to further confirm the expression of the hub genes from the PBMCs that collected from 47 patients with RA and 40 healthy controls. Finally, we evaluated the clinical characters for the candidate mRNAs.Results: RNA-seq analyses revealed the expression of 178 mRNAs from PBMCs were disregulated between the healthy controls and the RA patients. Bioinformatics analyses revealed 10 hub mRNAs. The top 3 significant functional modules screened from PPI network functionally were involved in DNA replication origin binding, chemokine activity, etc. After validating the 10 hub mRNAs in GSE93272 dataset and clinical samples, we identified 3 candidate mRNAs, including ASPM, DTL and RRM2. Among which, RRM2 showed great capacity in discriminating between remissive RA and active RA. Significant correlations were observed between DTL and IL-8, TNF-α, between RRM2 and CDAI, DAS-28, tender joints and swollen joints, respectively. The AUC values of ASPM, DTL and RRM2 were 0.654, 0.995 and 0.990, respectively.Conclusion: We successfully identified multiple candidate mRNAs associated with RA. RRM2 showed high diagnosis efficiency with the AUC of 0.990 (sensitivity=100%, specificity=97.5%). And RRM2 severed as an additional biomarker for evaluating disease activity. The findings provided a novel candidate biomarker for diagnosis and evaluation of the prognosis of RA.

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