Acceptance of Female Token Resistance Measure

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna M. F. van Oosten ◽  
Jochen Peter ◽  
Patti M. Valkenburg
Keyword(s):  
Token Resistance ◽  
Resistance Measure

scholarly journals An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Token Resistance to Sex amongst Nigerian Undergraduates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Terver Igundunasse ◽  
Nathan Odiase
Keyword(s):  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Emotional Security ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
Token Resistance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Do So

It is apparent that existing social conventions unofficially mandates women to refuse sexual advances even when there may be the intention to engage. The adherence to this social script is what is referred to as token resistance or scripted refusal. Some studies have explored the subject of token resistance from a number of perspectives that attempt to identify the underlying reasons why women engaging in token resistance. However, there is very little research on this subject from the Nigerian perspective. This this study sought to explore token resistance further in order to understand the cultural cogency or peculiarity of the concept in the Nigerian context. This is because based on available literature, the conceptualization of token resistance may be different. With the use of purposive sampling technique, four sexually active women and undergraduates, volunteered to participate in the study. They were interviewed to understand their unique experiences and perception about token resistance using the principles of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) It was discovered that factors like personal pride, self-control, emotional security of relationship and the gratification of increased attention were responsible for women’s rejection of sexual advances even when there was the intention to do so. The study also got a better understanding of how women culturally represent this concept in Nigeria. We highlight limitations of the study and suggest areas for further study research.

A Qualitative Analysis of Sexual Consent among Heavy-drinking College Men

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052095865
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Orchowski ◽  
Daniel W. Oesterle ◽  
Oswaldo Moreno ◽  
Miryam Yusufov ◽  
Alan Berkowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Interest ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
College Men ◽  
Sexual Consent ◽  
Sexual Assault Prevention ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Token Resistance ◽  
Continued Education ◽  
Assault Prevention

The current study sought to examine how heavy-drinking college men describe communication of sexual interest and sexual consent. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 12 heavy-drinking college men identified three themes. Themes included: (a) expectations about parties and sexual activity, (b) observing and communicating sexual interest, and (c) communication of sexual consent. Men reported visiting drinking environments to locate women who they assumed would be open to sexual advances. In these environments, sexual interest was inferred indirectly through shared alcohol use. Anticipating token resistance men reported “trying and trying again” to pursue escalating types of sexual activity. Consent was inferred when participants did not hear “no” from a sexual partner, highlighting the importance of continued education on verbal consent in the context of sexual assault prevention programs.

Token resistance

Analysis ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Token Resistance

scholarly journals Method of kurtosis in estimating the measurement uncertainty during calibration of the electrical resistance measures using a potentiometer

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Igor Zakharov ◽  
Olesia Botsiura ◽  
Valerii Semenikhin
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Standard Uncertainty ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Resistance Measure ◽  
Distribution Laws ◽  
Single Size ◽  
Good Agreement

Calibration of electrical resistance measures is considered by the indirect method, which is realized through measuring the voltage drop across the series-connected reference and calibrated resistors. The biases of the estimates of the measurand and the combined standard uncertainty due to the nonlinearity of the measurement model were calculated. The distribution laws of the input quantities in the calculation of the expanded uncertainty were taken into account by the kurtosis method. An example of measurement uncertainty evaluating during calibration of single-size electrical resistance measure R331 with a nominal resistance of 1000 Ω by comparing its value using a potentiometer R345 with the value of the calibrated reference standard is considered. Estimates of the measurand and its standard and expanded uncertainties obtained using the proposed method showed good agreement with the estimates obtained using the Monte Carlo method.

Token Resistance to Sex

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene L. Muehlenhard ◽  
Carie S. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
College Women ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
Sexual Script ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Token Resistance ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Definition Of

According to the traditional sexual script, women—but not men—engage in token resistance to sex, refusing when they actually intend to engage in sex. Several studies have found that over a third of the college women sampled reported refusing sexual intercourse when they intended to engage in it. We asked 65 women and 64 men to write narratives describing their experiences conforming to the definition of token resistance used in previous studies. As in previous research, both women and men reported engaging in token resistance. However, most respondents apparently misunderstood the definition because they wrote narratives that did not meet this definition. These results refute the stereotype that most women—and only women—engage in token resistance to sex. Furthermore, these results cast doubt on prevalence data reported in previous studies. Results indicate that the overwhelming majority of women and men who say “no” to sex actually mean no.

Sexual Assault Supportive Attitudes: Rape Myth Acceptance and Token Resistance in Greek and Non-Greek College Students From Two University Samples in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (22) ◽  
pp. 3502-3530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha N. Canan ◽  
Kristen N. Jozkowski ◽  
Brandon L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Short Form ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rape Myth Acceptance ◽  
Rape Myth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Token Resistance ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Myth Acceptance

Colleges are rape-prone cultures with high rates of sexual victimization. Fraternities’ and sororities’ relationships with sexual assault are consistent themes in literature focusing on sexual violence among college students. Previous research suggests that fraternity men are more likely to endorse rape-supportive attitudes compared with non-Greek men or sorority women. The present study examines rape-supportive attitudes as well as rape and sexual assault victimization in college students with a focus on gender and Greek-life (i.e., involvement in fraternities or sororities) status variables. College students ( N = 1,002) completed a survey including the Token Resistance to Sex Scale (TRSS), Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale–Short Form (IRMA-S), and items related to past experiences of nonconsensual sex. Two regression models tested predictors of token resistance and rape myth acceptance. Chi-square analyses tested between-group differences of experiencing rape and sexual assault. Gender ( p < .001), Greek status ( p < .001), and race/ethnicity ( p < .001) were predictors for TRSS scores. For IRMA scores, gender ( p < .001), Greek status ( p < .001), and race/ethnicity variables ( p < .001) were also significant. Interaction terms revealed that Greek men had higher token resistance and rape myth acceptance than any other group. Chi-square analyses indicate women more frequently report experiences of rape (χ2 = 25.57, df = 1, p < .001) and sexual assault (χ2 = 31.75, df = 1, p < .001). Men report high rates (40.8%) of experiencing sexual assault “because refusing was useless.” No differences of victimization rates were found between Greeks and non-Greeks. Gender and sexual scripting theory can help explain gender differences in attitudes and experiences. Greater endorsement of rape myth acceptance and token resistance by Greeks, who influence college party culture, could be contributing to a culture conducive to rape. Findings demonstrate a continued need for interventions focused on shifting sociocultural dynamics (e.g., traditional roles and sexual scripting) on college campuses.

Balanced Ventilation Principle in the Application of Shigetai Coal Mine Ventilation System Optimization

2013 ◽  
Vol 392 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Wen Cai Wang ◽  
Ya Chen Li ◽  
Chao Ping He ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Hui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Mine Ventilation ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Simulation Calculation ◽  
Resistance Measure ◽  
Calculation Results

In order to reduce Shigetai coal mine ventilation resistance of mine ventilation system, using balanced ventilation principle Shigetai coal mine ventilation resistance of mine ventilation system was analysed and balanced, and the balanced ventilation resistance measure mine ventilation resistance in 2014-2015 simulation calculation. Results suggest that balanced ventilation measures implemented in mine ventilation resistance, coal mine ventilation resistance in the next two years not only with increased ventilation line length increases, but lower. Visible, balanced ventilation of mine has better technical and economic results are obvious, merits promotion.

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